EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES TO IMPROVE EUCALYPTUS FIBERS QUALITY FOR PAPER - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES TO IMPROVE EUCALYPTUS FIBERS QUALITY FOR PAPER

Rubens Chaves de Oliveira

Laboratório de Celulose e Papel LCP/UFV

Vitória, June 29, 2015

UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE VIÇOÇA CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS AGRÁRIAS DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA FLORESTAL

That means: Trials to innovate technologies

THE PAPER STRUCTURE

INTRODUCTION

THE MAIN TOPICS

THE NATURAL BEAUTY OF THE WOOD AND FIBER STRUCTURES

EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES TO IMPROVE PAPER QUALITY

THE PAPERMAKING INDUSTRY ULTRASONIC TECHNIQUE TO REFINE THE PULP FIBERS MICROWAVES TECHNIQUE TO DRY PAPER

FINAL REMARKS

THE WOOD CELL WALL STRUCTURE

15- 30 % 30- 50 % 10- 25 %

The wood structure is a complex and sustainable raw materials that the nature takes many years to construct it and I believe we are going to use it for so many years to make papers.

THE FIBER CELL WALL STRUCTURE

The fibers cell wall are very important composite materials. They are the main elements on the paper structure. We should be able to find a technology to cause less damage to the fibers during the papermaking process.

Source:Zimmermann et. al. (2005).

THE PAPER STRUCTURE AND STRENGTH

BASICALLY DEPENDS ON:

• The fiber properties
• The number of fiber bonds
• The bond resistances

THE IND INDUSTRY Y FR FROM WOOD TO O PAPE PER

THE IND INDUSTRY Y FR FROM WOOD TO O PAPE PER

PAPER MANUFACTURE: FROM WET END TO DRY END

STOCK PREPARATION PAPER FORMATION REELING DRY SECTION PRESSING SECTION

THE MECHANICAL REFINING TECHNIQUE

MECHANICAL REFINING TECHNIQUE

Intra-Fiber Bond Break Fiber Cut Fines Generation Fiber Defibrillations

ULTRASONIC VIBRATIONS OF PULP FIBERS TO IMPROVE PAPER STRENGHT

Laboratório de Celulose e Papel LCP/UFV

UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE VIÇOÇA CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS AGRÁRIAS DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA FLORESTAL

Virsonic 475 (190 Watts; 20 kHz) Variables:

Eucalyptus pulp pH: 7,0 and 10,0 Pulp Consistency: 0,5%, 1%, 2% and 4% Time: 5 min, 10 min and 20 min

ULTRASOUND PHENOMENON

When mechanical longitudinal waves with frequency higher than 20 kHz propagate in a liquid occur the cavitations' phenomenon

Low pressure moment High pressure moment FIBER SURFACE FIBER SURFACE FIBER SURFACE

b) a)

0,5% 1% 2% 4%

800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 5 10 15 20

RCT (N/m) Time (min)

Ring Crush Test - pH 7

y = 1071,8 / (1 + (0,267e - 0,169 X )) r² = 0,90

800 850 900 950 1000 1050 1100 5 10 15 20

RCT (N/m) Time (min)

Ring Crush Test - pH 10

y = 1065,4 / (1 + (0,156e - 0,187 X )) r²= 0,95

25% 15%

ULTRASOUND TECHINIQUE RESULTS

Pulp Consistency :

0,5% 1% 2% 4%

25 27 29 31 33 35 37 5 10 15 20

Tensile index (N.m/g) Time (min)

Tensile Index - pH 7

y = 23,85 (2,15 - e - 0,021 X ) r² = 0,97

25 27 29 31 33 35 37 5 10 15 20

Tensile index (N.m/g) Time (min)

Tensile Index - pH 10

y = 9,89 (3,573 - e - 0,288 X ) r² = 0,96

35% 40%

ULTR TRASOUND TE TECH CHINIQUE RE RESU SULTS

Pulp Consistency :

0,5% 1% 2% 4%

8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5 10.0 5 10 15 20

Tear index (mN.m²/g) Time (min)

Tear Index - pH 7

y = 9,66 / (1 + (0,073e - 0,068 X )) r² = 0,85

8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5 10.0 5 10 15 20

Tear index (mN.m²/g) Time (min)

Tear Index - pH 10

y = 9,47 / (1 + (0,067e - 0,117 X )) r² = 0,79

6% 6%

ULTRASOUND TECHINIQUE RESULTS

Pulp Consistency :

2.06 2.08 2.10 2.12 2.14 2.16 2.18 2.20 5 10 15 20

Bulk (cm³/g) Time (min)

Bulk - pH 10

y = 2,16 – 0,0037.X r² = 0,90

2.06 2.08 2.10 2.12 2.14 2.16 2.18 2.20 5 10 15 20

Bulk (cm³/g) Time (min)

Bulk - pH 7

y = 2,19 – 0,0039.X r² = 0,93 0,5% 1% 2% 4%

4% 4%

ULTRASOUND TECHINIQUE RESULTS

Pulp Consistency :

PFI Ultrasound (U.S.)

800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37

RCT (N/m) ° Schopper Riegler

Ring Crush Test - pH 10

PFI: Y= 2039,8.e-18,24/X r²= 0,97 U.S.:Y= 1065,5 / (1 + 48,62.e-0,259.X) r² = 0,91

800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37

RCT (N/m) ° Schopper Riegler

Ring Crush Test - pH 7

PFI: Y= 1367,6 - 2,44.X - (186297,4 / X2) r²= 0,99 U.S.: Y= 1029/ (1 + 9,5.e-0,18X) r² = 0,91

25% 17% 38% 36%

ULTRASOUND TECHINIQUE RESULTS

PFI Ultrasound (U.S.)

25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37

Tensile index (Nm/g) ° Schopper Riegler

Tensile Index- pH 7

U.S.: Y= 3,207 (X + 8,77)0,64 r²= 0,93 PFI: Y= 5,32 (X - 3,946)0,605 r² = 0,99

25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37

Tensile index (Nm/g) ° Schopper Riegler

Tensile Index- pH 10

U.S.: Y= 35,17 / (1 + 10096,5e-0,463X) r² = 0,98 PFI: Y= 48,89 / (1 + 15,39e-0,128X) r² = 0,99

52% 30% 68% 40%

ULTRASOUND TECHINIQUE RESULTS

PFI Ultrasound (U.S.) y = -0,0197x + 2,56 r² = 0,98 y = -0,0002x2 + 0,003x + 2,2 r² = 0,90

1.85 1.90 1.95 2.00 2.05 2.10 2.15 2.20 2.25 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37

Bulk (cm³/g) °Schopper Riegler

Bulk - pH 7

y = -0,0202x + 2,6 r² = 0,99 y = 2E-05x2 - 0,007x + 2,3 r² = 0,85

1.85 1.90 1.95 2.00 2.05 2.10 2.15 2.20 2.25 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37

Bulk (cm³/g) °Schopper Riegler

Bulk - pH 10

4% 14% 4% 13%

ULTRASOUND TECHINIQUE RESULTS

CONCLUSIONS

 The Ultrasonic technology can be successfully used to improve the paper strength. Our hypothesis: Ultrasonic treatment acts mainly on fiber surface leading external fiber defibrillation with less impact on bulk than PFI refine; Pulp consistency in the range (0.5%-4%) didn't affects the results; Increasing the pH makes the treatment more efficient for some specific properties; Efficient to increase the paper strength with less fiber damages; Little impact on Bulk; very much recommended to tissue word Less fiber cut and fines production than refine in PFI, to the same °SR increasing; New studies are need using more powerful ultrasound device, but with saving energy.

THE IND INDUSTRY Y FR FROM WOOD TO O PAPE PER

PAPER MANUFACTURE: FROM WET END TO DRY END

STOCK PREPARATION PAPER FORMATION REELING DRY SECTION PRESSING SECTION DRYIER CYLINDERS

DRYING PAPER BY HEAT CONDUCTION

Fiber Cell Wall Delaminations. Increase fiber stiffness and hornification Intra-Fiber Bond Break. Intrinsic fiber strength reduction. Decrease inter-fiber bonds potential. Quality decreasing due to new production cycle.

1 2 3 4 5 6

CICLOS DE RECICLAGEM PROPRIEDADE

Drying Cycles

Paper Properties

80ºC

Fan Optic Sensor

• f

temperature BEKP Handsheets Polipropelleene Handsheets Holder Temperature Control Microwave Dryier 2.450 MHz Computer Control

T e m p e r a t u r e Time

LA LABORATORY MIC ICROWAVE EXPERIMENT

MICROWAVE DRYER:Temperature:80 oC; Final Handsheet consistency:95 %

Cylinder Dryer: Temperature: 100 oC; Final Handsheet Consistency: 95 %

Source: GOULD (1995).

400 a 20.000 MHz

MICROWAVES PHENOMENON

When Microwaves with frequency between 400 to 20.000 MHz propagate in liquid or solid medium occur the friction phenomenon

Ionic Orientation Molecular Orientation

ELETRIC FIELD

Suggestion mechanisms for Drying Fibers by Conventional Heat Conduction and by Microwaves Radiation

HEAT CONDUCTION MICROWAVES RADIATION WATER MOLECULE Microfibrils Fiber Cross Section Water Vapour More Collapsed Fibers Dried fiber Microfibrils Water Vapour Less Collapsed Fibers Dried fiber

Microfibril

Before Drying Before Drying Fiber Cross Section WATER MOLECULE a) Drying by Heat conduction b) Drying by microwaves Radiation Microfibrils

CROSS SECTION OF FIBERS WALL

A)Drying by microwaves B) Drying by Heat Conduction

SEM Picture: 3000 x Virgin fiber

4 th Cycle of

Drying Virgin fiber 4 Th Cycle of Drying

Microwaves Drying Microwaves Drying Microwaves Drying Microwaves Drying Heat Conduction Heat Conduction Heat Conduction Heat Conduction Fiber lentgh (mm) Fiber wall thickness (µm) Drying Cycles Drying Cycles Drying Cycles Drying Cycles Xilans (%)

Heat Conduction Heat transfer Heating transfer Heating transfer Microwaves Drying Microwaves Drying Microwaves Drying Microwaves Drying Tensile Index (N.m/g) Tear ndex (mN.m2/g) Modulus of Elasticity (MN.m/kg) Softness (s/100 cm3) Drying Cycles Drying Cycles Drying Cycles Drying Cycles Heat Conduction Heat Conduction Heat Conduction

CONCLUSIONS

• The results of laboratory studies show that the application of microwave

radiation is a drying feasible alternative to dry paper.

• The drying by microwave radiation provided a better preservation of the

structural properties related to the fiber length and cell wall thickness when compared to conventional heat conduction.

• The fibers of dried papers by microwave radiation had higher content of xylan,

but this preservation was not reflected in better mechanical properties.

• The dried papers by microwave radiation behaved similarly for all drying cycles

in relation to the mechanical and optical properties compared to paper dried to conventional heat conduction. Except for the smoothness property, where the microwave drying tend to produce papers with higher values.

• The previous conclusion reinforces that this technology presents itself as a

possible alternative to the industries of paper, mainly from the tissue segment. However, requiring more studies with respect to its economic viability and how dangerous it may be to papermaker.

THANK YOU

• Dr. Carolina M. Jardim

Mauro Manfredi Rodrigo Guedes de Moraes Rogerio Peixoto Silva

EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES TO IMPROVE EUCALYPTUS FIBERS QUALITY FOR PAPER

Rubens Chaves de Oliveira

Laboratório de Celulose e Papel LCP/UFV

Vitória, June 29, 2015

UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE VIÇOÇA CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS AGRÁRIAS DEPARTAMENTO DE ENGENHARIA FLORESTAL

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