Electricity Nov 307:16 AM What is Electricity? It's the flow of - - PDF document

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Electricity

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What is Electricity?

It's the flow of electric charges (electrons) from one point to another.

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The law of Charges states

that opposite charges attract each

• ther and like or the same charges

repel each other. Nov 30­7:45 AM

Draw the law of charges

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Why are charges important? They influence different types of electricity like Static Electricity.

• Static electricity is the build up of charges on

an object.

• Static means "stationary" or "not moving" so

static electricity is charges staying on an objects surface instead of constantly moving.

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We can charge objects using Friction! Friction allows us to "rub" off extra electrons from one surface to

• another. This transfer is "charging" an object

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Circuits!

A Circuit is a complete, closed path in which electrical charges flow through. The electrical charges start and end at the same point There are 2 types of circuits: Series and Parallel

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Series Circuits: In a series circuit, all parts are connected in a single loop. The charges can only flow in one direction. Let's draw a schematic!

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Parallel Circuits: Different loads or resistors are wired in separate branches in the circuit, so the electric charges have a choice of which path to take. Let's draw a schematic!

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In a series circuit, if one bulb goes out: all the bulbs go out because the charges can no longer flow through the loads back to the starting point. In a parallel circuit, if one bulb goes out: the other bulbs will stay lit because the charges can flow through the other path(s) back to its starting point.

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Circuit measurements Current: The rate at which a charge passes a given

• point. This means it is how many charges

pass this point a second. It is measured in Amps (A) Voltage: The difference in energy between 2 points in a circuit and is measured in Volts (V) Resistance: The opposition to the flow of electric

• charges. Anything in a circuit is a resistor.

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Today's Experiment

You are going to create several types of circuits. Using the materials provided you will need to create a series circuit and a parallel circuit. For both circuits: you will need 2 batteries and battery holders, a switch, 2 light bulbs, a multimeter, and 4 wires The first circuit you will create is a series circuit with both

• batteries. After you wire the light bulb, switch, and battery,

use the multimeter to observe the current at the light bulb and switch. Next, observe the voltage at both points. Write down these numbers as well as any other observations!

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Now add a light bulb in SERIES. Observe the bulbs brightness. What is the current at each light bulb? What is the voltage at each light bulb? Write down any observations and data Now unscrew one light bulb. What happens? Is this what you expected? Now wire the 2nd light bulb in PARALLEL. Observe the bulbs brightness. What is the current at each light bulb? What is the voltage at each light bulb? Write down any observations and data/ Now unscrew one light bulb. What happens? Is this what you expected?

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