Effect of the Citys Intervention on Online Public Engagement - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Effect of the City’s Intervention on Online Public Engagement Bokyong (Bo) Shin Politics of Co-Creation: 17.1.2020 at 13:15, Metsätalo (Unioninkatu 40) Sali 29

Contents • Background • Research questions and theoretical framework • Case Study: Omastadi • Data Collection and analysis • Results • Discussions

Theoretical Data Collection, Background Case: Omastadi Results Discussions Framework analysis Cooperation Engaging with others in a mutually beneficial activity (Bowles and Gintis 2013, 2)

Theoretical Data Collection, Background Case: Omastadi Results Discussions Framework analysis Governance Decision-making processes by which a network of political actors manages collective affairs through deliberation and negotiation (Torfing 2005)

Theoretical Data Collection, Background Case: Omastadi Results Discussions Framework analysis Communicative planning Theory Stakeholders • New institutional arrangements • Deliberation and argumentation • The changing role of planners towards a facilitator and mediator • The quality of democracy in terms of • Input (who participates with what agenda) - Process (how stakeholders interact and build consensus) - Outcomes (institutional capacity: intellectual, social, political capital) -

Theoretical Data Collection, Background Case: Omastadi Results Discussions Framework analysis PhD Thesis: how stakeholders cooperate in communicative planning To Topic Ma Main Qu Question Ty Type Method Me 1 Social Capital How social capital is measured Literature review Systematic literature review 2 How social capital is developed Case study Exponential Random Graph Model 3 Deliberation How actors engage in online Stochastic Actor-oriented Model deliberation 4 What is the content of deliberation Content analysis: Topic Modeling

Theoretical Data Collection, Background Case: Omastadi Results Discussions Framework analysis Participatory budgeting (Wampler 2007) : a decision-making process through which citizens deliberate and negotiate over the distribution of public resources.

Theoretical Data Collection, Background Case: Omastadi Results Discussions Framework analysis Ertiö et al. (2019) identified 1) Direct democratic participation of citizens 2) A mix of online and offline participation (digital technology) 3) Changing role of public sector -> Public intervention is still crucial regardless of technology Research gap (Jonsson and Åström 2014) Previous studies focused on new technology and analyzed the • quality of deliberation and opinion change based on surveys, experiments, and interviews -> Institution, empirical data of online engagement

Theoretical Data Collection, Background Case: Omastadi Results Discussions Framework analysis Research questions What was the role of the City in PB? • What kinds of interventions did they use? • Were interventions effective in promoting public engagement? • Communicative Planning Theory

Theoretical Data Collection, Background Case: Omastadi Results Discussions Framework analysis

Theoretical Data Collection, Background Case: Omastadi Results Discussions Framework analysis - Participatory budgeting - Residents can draw up proposals and vote on how the City spends € 4.4 million annually. - 8 areas - Offline + Online deliberation

Theoretical Data Collection, Background Case: Omastadi Results Discussions Framework analysis Omastadi used Decidim digital platform Decidim : from the Catalan for "let’s decide", is a digital infrastructure for participatory democracy, built entirely and collaboratively as free software.

Theoretical Data Collection, Background Case: Omastadi Results Discussions Framework analysis

Theoretical Data Collection, Background Case: Omastadi Results Discussions Framework analysis

Theoretical Data Collection, Background Case: Omastadi Results Discussions Framework analysis

Theoretical Data Collection, Background Case: Omastadi Results Discussions Framework analysis

Theoretical Data Collection, Background Case: Omastadi Results Discussions Framework analysis Deliberation: a process whereby group of people, often ordinary Ideas Proposals citizens, engage in reasoned opinion expression on a social or Plans political issue in an attempt to identify solutions to a common problem and to evaluate those solutions (Stromer-Galley 2007, 3) Vote

Theoretical Data Collection, Background Case: Omastadi Results Discussions Framework analysis

Theoretical Data Collection, Background Case: Omastadi Results Discussions Framework analysis Proposals The role of city government for promoting online engagement impossible possible 1.No initiating, no decision-making 2.Facilitator (ads and offline meeting) 3.Moderator plans Liaisons • Evaluation of proposals • Making plans • vote

Theoretical Data Collection, Background Case: Omastadi Results Discussions Framework analysis

Theoretical Data Collection, Background Case: Omastadi Results Discussions Framework analysis Da Data Co Collection Method: Customized web crawler (script written in Python) Period: 18 to 30 Nov. 2019 Note: No private information was collected (just unique IDs)

Theoretical Data Collection, Background Case: Omastadi Results Discussions Framework analysis Operationalization of engagement “Individual i makes a comment on proposal j at time t ” “Jo muutamia…” OmaStadi p… HEL-PROP…

Theoretical Data Collection, Background Case: Omastadi Results Discussions Framework analysis “Jo muutamia…” OmaStadi p… HEL-PROP… A network of online engagement at time t

Theoretical Data Collection, Background Case: Omastadi Results Discussions Framework analysis Descriptive statistics of proposals and plans Area Ar # Proposals # P # # Ma Mahdollinen Pe Percent (%) # V # Voted ed Pe Percent (%) Central 167 113 67.7 2 1.2 East 177 106 59.9 15 8.5 Entire 263 186 70.7 23 8.8 Northeast 151 108 71.5 14 9.3 North 78 49 62.8 3 3.9 Southeast 115 81 70.4 8 7 South 155 82 52.9 9 5.8 West 167 113 67.7 9 5.4 Total 1273 838 65.8 83 6.5

Theoretical Data Collection, Background Case: Omastadi Results Discussions Framework analysis Descriptive statistics of proposals and plans Area Ar # Proposals # P # # Ma Mahdollinen # p # plan Central 167 113 32 East 177 106 36 On average, Entire 263 186 66 2.8 proposals were combined Northeast 151 108 33 North 78 49 17 Southeast 115 81 34 South 155 82 42 West 167 113 38 Total 1273 838 298

Theoretical Data Collection, Background Case: Omastadi Results Discussions Framework analysis Descriptive statistics of comments Area Ar # proposals + # p + p plans ns # C # Comment ents # C # Comment ents p per er # uni # unique ID ue ID propo pr posals a and pl d plans Central 199 345 1.7 224 East 213 273 1.3 135 Entire 329 530 1.6 215 Northeast 184 362 2 208 North 95 144 1.5 99 Southeast 149 348 2.3 190 South 197 614 3.1 233 West 205 501 2.4 246 Total 1571 3117 2 1550

Theoretical Data Collection, Background Case: Omastadi Results Discussions Framework analysis Number of comments by date Vote Proposal Evaluation Plan Cost estimate No official activity (-30.10.19) (-09.12.18) (-31.1.19) (-06.4.19) (-15.6.19) (-30.9.19)

Theoretical Data Collection, Background Case: Omastadi Results Discussions Framework analysis Number of comments by date (types) Proposal (Impossible) Proposal (Possible) Plan People still commented on Proposals (ei mahdollinen and mahdollinen) Vote Proposal Evaluation Plan Cost estimate No official activity (-30.10.19) (-09.12.18) (-31.1.19) (-06.4.19) (-15.6.19) (-30.9.19)

Theoretical Data Collection, Background Case: Omastadi Results Discussions Framework analysis Most active actors were mostly liaisons.

Theoretical Data Collection, Background Case: Omastadi Results Discussions Framework analysis 11.02 – 28.02 (17 days) 01.03 – 18.03 (17 days) 19.03 – 06.04 (17 days) Grey circle: users Red square: Proposals (ei mahdollinen) Blue square: Proposals (mahdollinen) Yellow square: Plans

Theoretical Data Collection, Background Case: Omastadi Results Discussions Framework analysis Stochastic Actor-oriented model : Model for the co-evolution of network ties and behaviors actor-oriented: network changes are consequence of decisions made by actors who are interdependent but capable of individual action / actors can decide 1) to comment on specific proposals (network), and 2) how often (behavior)

Theoretical Data Collection, Background Case: Omastadi Results Discussions Framework analysis I am still experimenting models. Please do not circulate these results.