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No Accidents with Charity Modrý hroch

Charity Modrý Hroch, Rašínova 103/2, Brno 60200

The Right to Health and Life

• Legalized in the Legal Internal Czech Republic Documents

Testament No. 1/1993 l.c., Constitution of the Czech Republic Testament No. 2/1993 l.c., Universal Declaration of Human Rights Testament No. 89/2012 l.c., Civil Code Testament No. 372/2011 l.c., Health Services

• International agreement and Europien Right

Universal Declaration of Human Rights, International Covenant ON Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

Traumas in the childhood Accidenst are the leading cause of death for young children of population in all industrial countries in Europe and overseas countries.

The meaning of an accident

„An injury is a physical damage, happens independently of the individual‘s will. It is caused by a sudden and violent action of external forces.“ (Pokorný) „An injury is any kind of unintentional or intentional damage of an organism caused by acute exposition of thermal, mechanical, electrical or chemical energy and in the absence of vital, necessary lively elements or quantity such as oxygen or heat.“ (Haddon, 1981)

Categories of children‘ accidents in the Czech Republic

Outpatient medical care of the most frequent accidents in childhood

Převzato z ÚZIS - Aktuální informace Ústavu zdravotnických informací a statistiky České republiky - Úrazovost dětí a mladistvých do roku 2009, ze dne 16.6.2011

Hospitalized children after an accident

Percentage of common injury of hospitalized children in the Czech Republic

Převzato z ÚZIS - Aktuální informace Ústavu zdravotnických informací a statistiky České republiky - Úrazovost dětí a mladistvých do roku 2009, ze dne 16.6.2011

The cause of the injuries

The most common causes of injuries of children are:

• Falling down
• Traffic accidents
• Influence of inanimate power
• Scalds and burns

Injuries of children and Prevention

• Accidents and poisoning of children – the most common cause of death,

pain and even permanent damage

• Prevention – the posibility of preventing an accident. The most important

way to stop or lower the number of injuries or death.

• A child grows up and progresses in an environment where he/she lives

and has not enough experiences. He/she can hardly judge any possible danger he/she can meet.

• The most common reasons of injuries of children are:

– Unsatisfactory adult‘s supervision – Lack of childrens‘ ignorance to protect themselves – lack of competence ( knowledge, skills, attitudes) to manage daily risks

The Impact of Children‘s injuries

• Health:
• Death
• Permanent damage of the brain
• The loss of limb, lower movements
• Go blind, go deaf
• Disruption of the somatic development – an

injury of bones‘ cartilage

• Long lasting pain
• Psychosocial:
• Disruption of psychosomaticdevelopment
• Extreme stress caused by an injury
• Disruption of family relationships
• Disruption of social placement of a child -

limb distortion, scars,…

• Spending long time in hospital

Consequence of children‘s injuries

• Death
• Handicap
• Hospitalize
• Suffer damage

An accident – second, moment Impact - fotr the rest life not only of the handicapped child but also family life and society There is a risky situation in every injury which you can recognize and avoid it.

Age Physiological difference of children

• Child behaviour focused on safety depends on personality and mental

ability

• Progressive development since childhood
• Children till 7 year - dominance of egocentric attitude

A child assumes that his/her attitudes are being transfer to others.

• An ability of deep stereoscopic vision – untill 10 year.

There is a risk of young children of wrong distance estimate: – A child takes huge vehicles like small ones, estimates the speed of comming car wrongly and it is difficult for him/her to estimate a parked car of the comming one.

• The child visual filed is 30% shorter than the adult visual field.

Age Physiological difference of children

• Time of reaction – the time when a person starts to react in

dangerous situation – is longer than adult‘s, 5 year old child has it twice longer; girls‘ is even longer than boys‘

• The child ability of auditory perception is 10 db lower in

comparison of an adult

• The centre of a child body gravity is higher than adults‘ – the

child loses balance more easily and falls down

Physiological age differences

• f children III
• The logical thinking, perception, mindfulness, foreseeing of

danger is developed after 12 years.

• The risk of danger of an accident hits mostly hipergetic,

hyperactive, or agressive children who are put in danger of stress or enormous mental load

• Caution vs Fear

– fear - hesitant, unsure, or behaviour without attention, increase the risk of accidents. This is typical of children who are mainly at risk of an accident.

• Childrens‘ fantasy is endless, the same like the risky or

dangerous possibilities

Children Accidents from 0 to 3 year

• The development is the main part of their life: they improve

the movement, start walking. A child struggles to reach a thing, takes it or puts it in his/her mouth.

• A child develops his/her momentum, discovers his/her

surroundings and is not aware of the risk of danger.

• Tend to negative behaviour

The most common accidents: falling, stange objects, poisoning, sinking Prevention: adequate supervision of an adult

Children Accidents from 4 to 6 year (preschool age)

• Futher development of the momentum and skilfulness ,

fantasy process at the same time – Children are strongly concentrating on a game and not perceive the surroundings The most common accidents: falling down of a scooter , a bike

• r tricycle, …, sport accidents

Prevention: supervision of an adult, wear safety aquipment and check the technical conditions of bike, ski, etc. regularly Check the playground.

Prevention of child accidents

• Active Prevention – learn how to actively prevent the

risk and danger

– Pay attention while upbringing your child

• Passive Prevention – of danger, for example wearing safety

equipment, store safetely dangerous things

– Pay attention to environment and change it adequate to prevent any injuries

Prevention of child accidents

• Focusing on Prevention - be aware of:

– A child can sink in the water depth of 10 cm – Surrinding and prediction of injuries often depend on circumstances in the first ten minutes after getting hurt – Children untill 3 year old belong in dangerous things for example string smaller than 4 cm and longer than 15 cm – At the injury of a head the risk of damage is worse than for an adult (for example the death cause is possible with smaller collision speed, at an adult there is the death possibility at spead 11 km/hour) – Frontal impact speed 50 km/hour is similar to fall of the 4th floor – The collision with a child cyclist with a car by the speed of 25km/hour happen by hitting a head at bonnet of vehicle

Home as a dangerous place I

The most common place where the childrens‘ accidents happen is at home. Common kind of injuries: Fall – changing table, chair, bank beds, falling down of a window, balcony, stairs…

• Prevention: supervision of an adult, safe instalation of furniture, safety closed and

secure windows, secure sharped ege of furniture,… Drowning – sliding in a bathroom in a bath, fall over into a barrel full of water, falling into a swimming pool, water well,…

• Prevention: supervision of an adult, nonslip materials and pads, secure technical

security of swimming pool (for example fence), covered water well and septic tank Suffocate– dangerous mostly for small children, breathing in of small parts of toys, childrens games,… Prevention: supervision of an adult, an electronic nanny, remove risky objects out

• f the reach of children, …

Home as a dangerous place II

Poisoning and Acid burning – often children in pre school age, home drugs, alcohol, chemical liquids, cleaning liquids or chemicals in bottles of drinks,…

• Prevention: supervision of an adult, keep drugs, etc. out of the reach of children,

keep liquits in original bottles,… Burns – very often for small children, a big risk of pernament consequence, a child pull a cooking pot with hot water, an iron, a cup of hot beverage, fall at garden grill, use of eletric equipments in water, wrong manipulation with an eletric plug,…

• Prevention: keep hot object out of the reach of children, for example at the

middle of a table, … convenient and consistence upbringing of a child: inform children about usage of an eletric plug, matches; keep them out of the hot equipments such as a grill etc. Injuries caused by sharp objects– kitchen knives, weapon and injuries caused by biting – pets

• Prevention: supervision of an adult in a kitchen , at workroom, …safety objects at

doors safety equipments while working on a garden, …

Injury by a larded needle

A face injury after attack of a dog

Swallowed objects

Sport activities

• There is specific prevention at sport activities of most common accidents.
• Do sport at a specific sport playground. Not close to a road, street where

is the danger of an accidents much higher.

• Under the supervision of a coach or an instructor
• Prevention:

general – supervision of an adult – a coach, an instructor, suitable safety equipments, safety sport playground (for example net), focus on the right upbringing and the right habits ( for example exercise before a match, regular medical visits,… specific– a use of safety equipments, vests, better prevention at adrenalin sports, …

Traffic - a risk environment

• Keep in mind that children are the participant of the traffic as well as a

pedestrians, cyclists, seat passenger, etc.

• It is necessary to use the right upbringing and using safety equipments.

Pedestrians Prevention: safety road crossing, supervision of an adult and the right road signs,… Cyclists: Prevention: the right technical equipment and service of a bike, helmet, know the road rules, supervision of an adult,…. Seat passengers: Prevention: use a seatbellts, safety child seats,…

Nature – a risky environment

• Danger of falls, poisoning of different berries, drowning in a

pond, sun burning, fire burning, injuries caused by a wild animal, adrenalin sports,…

• Prevention: the right and suitable clothes for nature

upbringing of a child, using safety equipmenst (for example helmet)

A city and a town – a risky environment

• Injuries at streets, roads, playgrounds, building site; injuries

caused by strange animals, strange people,…

• Prevention: using signs, enusure environments,…

Compand fracture of a thigh bone after falling of a bike

First Aid Emergency Numbers

Ambulance 155 Fire Brigade 150 Police 158 Emergency Line 112 Toxicology Center 224 91 92 93 224 91 54 02

Calling First Aid

Czech Rep 155 or EU 112

How to make the right phone call?

• Inform what happened
• How many injurious people there are
• In what condition are they (consciousness,

breathing,..)

• Where happened the accidents
• Finish the call on the second place!!

Resuscitation

We start to resuscitate when a child is out of breath or breath strangely (like a fish or breaths with a difficulty). We start to provide heart massage. Procedure:

• 1. Do not speak, do not react
• 2. Call 155
• 3. Check/ free breathing way
• 4. Do 5 breath respiration
• 5. Any life signs? Does a child react? Does a child breath normally?

Resuscitation

• 6. Resuscitation process
• 7. One rescuer – after one minute stop resuscitation and call

155

Then start resuscitate again. Continue untill a child get beck to life or the Ambulance arrives.

Resuscitation

The seccess is important to start in time. For most critical condition of children is the combination of compression and breathing the matter of life and death. 1 breath in = 1 second (wath the chest is going up while breathing in). If you are at the place alone and it is not a sudden collapse, first resuscitate for one minute and then call 155.

Resuscitation

Breath in a strange object

Bleeding

Vein bleeding Artery bleeding

Nose bleeding

Another Accidents

• Fractures
• Burns
• Scalds
• Poisonings

Used literature:

POKORNÝ, Vladimír. Traumatologie. 1. vyd. Praha : Triton, 2002. 307 s. ISBN 80-7254-277-X. DĚTSTVÍ BEZ ÚRAZŮ. Úrazy dětí. 1. vyd. Praha : Vzdělávací institut ochrany dětí, 2006. 36 s. ISBN 80-86991-72-5. SRB, Tomáš. Úrazovost dětí a mladistvých do roku 2009. Praha, ÚZIS. [online]., cit. [20. 6. 2015]. Dostupné z: 2011http://www.uzis.cz/rychle-informace/urazovost-deti-mladistvych-roku-2009. ČAPKOVÁ, Magdalena. Riziko vzniku úrazů u dětí z hlediska psychosomatického vývoje. Prevence úrazů, otrav a násilí. 2/2, 2006. ISSN 1801-0261. Fotografie z Fotoarchivu KDCHOT PDM FN Brno

No Accidents with Charity Modrý hroch

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