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E UGEN H ILL University of Leipzig, June 10-13 2009 (L UDWIG -M - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Eugen Hill, The plural formation of nouns in Yukaghir. In search of a historical explanation for a synchronic irregularity Morphology of the Worlds Languiages E UGEN H ILL University of Leipzig, June 10-13 2009 (L UDWIG -M AXIMILIANS -U


  1. Eugen Hill, The plural formation of nouns in Yukaghir. In search of a historical explanation for a synchronic irregularity Morphology of the World’s Languiages E UGEN H ILL University of Leipzig, June 10-13 2009 (L UDWIG -M AXIMILIANS -U NIVERSITÄT M ÜNCHEN ) (2) Nikolaeva & Xelimskij (1997: 155) T HE PLURAL FORMATION OF NOUNS IN Y UKAGHIR . TY KY gloss I N SEARCH OF A HISTORICAL EXPLANATION FOR A SYNCHRONIC IRREGULARITY m ō rq ō n’ irk ē j ‘one’ kij ō n’ ataql ō j ‘two’ imba ľď an’ in’han’b ō j ‘five’ lawj əŋ ōďī ‘water’ a ľ h əŋ anil ‘fish’ sa ľ h ə r īŋ tod ī ‘tooth’ t’i ŋ it’ ə l emil ‘night’ (3) Krejnovi č (1958: 9, 1968: 435-6), Nikolaeva & Xelimskij (1997: 156-7), Maslova (2003a: 29-30; 2003b: 3), Nikolaeva (2006: 29-31) i u e ø o a (4) FUT / -t ə - / = [-te-], [-ta-] PL / -p ə - / = [-pe-], [-pa-] (5) KY TY labials p b m p b m dentals t d n t d n n’ t’ d’ n’ velars k g ŋ k g ŋ uvulars q h q h resonants r l w j r l w j l’ l’ sibilants š ž s affricates č d’ (6) KY TY murge murge ‘forest’ č ilge t’ilge ‘branch’ kind’e kind’e ‘moon’ but ku čē kit’e ‘mosqito’ numø nime ‘tent’, ‘dwelling’ mided’e murid’e ‘nail’ (1) Kolyma (= KY) ca. 50 speakers in 1987 Tundra (= TY) ca. 150 speakers in 1987 2

  2. Eugen Hill, The plural formation of nouns in Yukaghir. Eugen Hill, The plural formation of nouns in Yukaghir. In search of a historical explanation for a synchronic irregularity In search of a historical explanation for a synchronic irregularity Morphology of the World’s Languiages Morphology of the World’s Languiages University of Leipzig, June 10-13 2009 University of Leipzig, June 10-13 2009 (7) inflection of nouns in the dialects of Yukaghir TY NOM nime- p ə -Ø t’amd’ ə - pul -Ø (KY āčə , TY il ə ‘domestic reindeer’) ACC nime- p ə -hane t’amd’ ə - pul -hane PROL nime- p ə -han t’amd’ ə - pul -han KY TY LOC nime- p ə -ha t’amd’ ə - pul -ha NOM āčə il ə COM āčə -n’e il ə -n’e DAT āčə - ŋ in il ə - ŋ in’ (11) COM POSS āčə -de-n’e il ə -de-n’e TY POSS ACC joqodil ə - pul-da -hane beside ACC joqodil ə - pul -hane of joqodil ə ‘horse’ DAT POSS āčə -de- ŋ in il ə -de- ŋ in’ model: POSS ACC nime- p ə -da -hane beside ACC nime- p ə -hane of nime ‘dwelling’ KY POSS DAT āčə - pul-de - ŋ in beside DAT āčə - pul - ŋ in zu āčə ‘reindeer’ (Jochelson 1905: (8) stem- C ə -C-C ə - or stem- C-C ə -C- 383) -s ə - CAUS , -t ə - FUT , -m ə - TRANS ⇒ TY lolh ə - ‘boil’ lolh ə -s- CAUS (12) KY, TY -pul- = -p( ə )- + -ul- ? lolh ə -s-t ə - CAUS + FUT lolh ə -s-t ə -m- CAUS + FUT + TRANS (13) KY ABL šorom ə -p-ul-get or TY PROL t’amd’ ə -p-ul-han ⇒ TY sahu- ‘disappear’ sahu-s ə - CAUS POSS KY -de- , TY -de- , -da- sahu-s ə -t- CAUS + FUT RES PART KY, TY - ō (l)- sahu-s ə -t-m ə - CAUS + FUT + TRANS . exception: multiplicative aktionsart in KY -uj- , TY - ū ji- (9) inflection of the possessive plural in the dialects of Yukaghir (14) KY le ŋ -d ə - ‘eat’ > DESID le ŋ -d- ō l’- ‘be hungry’ (KY n’ ē r ‘garment’ and šorom ə ‘person’) ør-n’ ə - ‘shout’ > INGR ør-n’- ē - ‘begin to shout’ NOM n’ ē r- p ə -gi-Ø šorom ə - p -ki-Ø LOC n’ ē r- p ə -de-ge šorom ə - p -te-ge (15) underlying structure of the non-possessive PL NOM in -pul ABL n’ ē r- p ə -de-get šorom ə - p -te-get COM n’ ē r- p ə -de-n’e šorom ə - p -te-n’e . KY šorom ə - p-ul -Ø ‘persons’ / šorom ə - p-l ə -Ø / TY t’amd’ ə - p-ul -Ø ‘oars’ / t’amd’ ə - p-l ə -Ø / (TY nime ‘dwelling’ and t’amd’ ə ‘oar’) NOM nime- p ə -gi-Ø t’amd’ ə - p -ki-Ø (16) KY šøril ə - ‘paint’ > / šøril ə - + -š ə - + - m ə / > 3 SG . in -Ø šøril ə -š- um ACC nime- p ə -da-hane t’amd’ ə - p -ta-hane CAUS + TRANS PROL nime- p ə -da-han t’amd’ ə - p -ta-han /šøril ə - + -š ə - + - t ə / > 3 SG . in -Ø šøril ə -š- ut LOC nime- p ə -de-ha t’amd’ ə - p -te-ha CAUS + FUT (10) inflection of the non-possessive plural in the dialects of Yukaghir (17) KY NOM COM SG āčə ~ āčə -n’e KY NOM n’ ē r- p ə -Ø šorom ə - pul -Ø PL āčə -pul ~ āčə -pul-n’e LOC n’ ē r- p ə -ge šorom ə - pul -ge ABL n’ ē r- p ə -get šorom ə - pul -get COM n’ ē r- p ə -n’e šorom ə - pul -n’e (18) Conclusion: KY, TY -pul < -p ə - + -l ə - 3 4

  3. Eugen Hill, The plural formation of nouns in Yukaghir. Eugen Hill, The plural formation of nouns in Yukaghir. In search of a historical explanation for a synchronic irregularity In search of a historical explanation for a synchronic irregularity Morphology of the World’s Languiages Morphology of the World’s Languiages University of Leipzig, June 10-13 2009 University of Leipzig, June 10-13 2009 (19) information structure in the NOM of the Yukaghir personal pronouns (25) hypothetical original inflection of nouns in Yukaghir (KY āčə , TY il ə ‘domestic reindeer’) NEUTRAL KY, TY 1 SG met ‘I’, 1 PL mit ‘we’ subject FOCUS KY, TY 1 SG met-ek ‘me’, 1 PL mit-ek ‘us’ object of a transitive verb POSS TOPIC KY, TY 1 SG met-ul ‘me’, 1 PL mit-ul ‘us’ object of an intransitive verb SG PL KY TY KY TY NOM NEUTR āčə -gi il ə -gi āčə -p-ki il ə -p-ki (20) 1 SG TOPIC met-ul = / met-l ə / cf. 3 SG NEUTRAL tud ə ~ TOPIC tud ə -l NOM TOPIC āčə -l-gi il ə -l-gi * āčə -p-l ə -gi * il ə -p-l ə -gi 1 PL TOPIC mit-ul = / mit-l ə / 3 PL NEUTRAL titt ə ~ TOPIC titt ə -l COM āčə -de-n’e il ə -de-n’e āčə -p-te-n’e il ə -p-te-n’e DAT āčə -de- ŋ in il ə -de- ŋ in’ āčə -p-te- ŋ in il ə -p-te- ŋ in’ (21) inflectional behaviour of nouns with NOM SG in -l in KY NON - POSS (cf. Krejnovi č 1958: 3, 1982: 85-6, Maslova 2003a: 78) SG PL KY TY KY TY KY NOM SG NOM PL GLOSS NOM NEUTR āčə -Ø il ə -Ø * āčə -Ø-p * il ə -Ø-p odul odu-p ə ‘Yukaghir’ NOM TOPIC * āčə -l * il ə -l āčə -p-ul il ə -p-ul qojl qoj-p ə ‘god’ COM āčə -n’e il ə -n’e * āčə -p-n’e * il ə -p-n’e š ā l š ā -p ə ‘tree’ DAT āčə - ŋ in il ə - ŋ in’ * āčə -p- ŋ in * il ə -p- ŋ in’ . NON - POSS POSS G LOSS anil ani-gi ‘fisch’ (26) TY ū - ‘go’, ‘walk’ laqil laqi-gi ‘tail’ S- TOPIC S- FOCUS čū l čū -gi ‘meat’ SG AORIST FUTURE AORIST FUTURE 1. ū -j ə - ŋ ū -t ə -j ə - ŋ ū -l ū -t ə -l 2. ū -j ə -k ū -t ə -j ə -k ū -l ū -t ə -l (22) cf. TY (data from Kurilov’s 2001 diactionary) 3. ū -j-Ø ū -t ə -j-Ø ū -l ū -t ə -l t’ ū l ~ POSS ABL t’ ū -da-hat ‘meat’, ‘body’ PL loqil ~ POSS PROL loqi-da-han ‘tail’ 1. ū -j ə -l’i ū -t ə -j-l’i ū -l ū -t ə -l s ā l ~ PRED PL s ā -p ə -le ŋ ‘tree’ 2. ū -j ə -mut ū -t ə -j-mut ū -l ū -t ə -l 3. ū - ŋ i-Ø ū - ŋ u-t ə -j-Ø ū - ŋ u-l ū - ŋ u-t ə -l (23) compounds (Krejnovi č 1982: 85-6) KY šoh ē - ‘go’, ‘walk’ S- TOPIC S- FOCUS KY š ā -n-har ‘tree-bark’ ( š ā l ‘tree’ and qar ‘skin’), SG AORIST FUTURE AORIST FUTURE lepu-n- č ug ə ‘vascular system’ ( lepul ‘blood’ and č ug ə ‘way’) 1. šoh ē -j ə -Ø šoh ē -t ə -j ə -Ø šoh ē -l šoh ē -t ə -l mahi-d-alb ə ‘winter-coat’ ( mahil ‘coat’ and alb ə ‘bottom’); 2. šoh ē -j ə -k šoh ē -t ə -j ə -k šoh ē -l šoh ē -t ə -l 3. šoh ē -j-Ø šoh ē -t ə -j-Ø šoh ē -l šoh ē -t ə -l TY s ā -d-o ŋ oj ‘casket’ ( s ā l ‘tree’, ‘wood’ and o ŋ oj ‘sack’), qoj-d-ile ‘best mail reindeer’ ( qojl ‘god’ and ile ‘reindeer’) PL t’oh-d-amun ‘shin-bone’ ( t’ohul ‘marrow’ and amun ‘bone’). 1. šoh ē -j ə -l’i šoh ē -t ə -j-l’i šoh ē -l šoh ē -t ə -l 2. šoh ē -j ə -met šoh ē -t ə -j-met šoh ē -l šoh ē -t ə -l (24) resultative verbal nouns with NOM POSS in -gi (Maslova 2003a: 78): 3. šoh ē - ŋ i-Ø šoh ē - ŋ i-t ə -j-Ø šoh ē - ŋ i-l šohie- ŋ i-t ə -l KY ū j ī - ‘work’ ū j-gi ‘his working’ ū j-l-gi ‘his job’ jan-n ə - ‘send’ jan-n- ō -gi ‘what he has sent’ jan-n- ō l-gi ‘his request’ 5 6

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