Dr. Redouane Choukr-Allah & Dr. Abdelaziz Hirich Symposium: Best - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Best practices for Sustainable protected agriculture system to cut on water and energy uses under GGC conditions

Symposium: Best Practices and its Impact to Water Resources Sustainability", Ibri, Oman, 25-26 Jan 2016

• Dr. Redouane Choukr-Allah & Dr. Abdelaziz Hirich

Symposium: Best Practices and its Impact to Water Resources Sustainability", Ibri, Oman, 25-26 Jan 2016

Status and prospects of Agriculture Development in the Golf States

Per capita “available” water share in GCC, 1950-2010

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Population in millions cubic meters per capita

In Kuwait, if current trends continue all oil production (2.5 Mbbl/d) will be consumed locally by the year 2035

20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 year % of 2.5 Mbbl/d

Total Oil Consumption (all sectors) CPDP Oil Consumption

Water uses in the GCC countries

 Agriculture uses over 85% of the available fresh water,  92% is used for dates and forage production Agriculture is prime target for water saving efforts.  90% of the food is imported (34 US $ bn).  Improving water management and water productivity in agricultural systems is a major strategic issue for most GCC countries. Protected horticulture can play a key role

Symposium: Best Practices and its Impact to Water Resources Sustainability", Ibri, Oman, 25-26 Jan 2016

Symposium: Best Practices and its Impact to Water Resources Sustainability", Ibri, Oman, 25-26 Jan 2016

Protected Agriculture in in some GCC Countries

Country Greenhous e area (ha) Year Source UAE 441 2010 Ministry of Environment and Water Saudi Arabia 8921 2012 Ministry of Agriculture Kuwait 3337 2014 Central Statistics Bureau Bahreïn 73.8 2015 Abdulrazag, 2015 Oman 145 2015 Al Rawahy, 2015 Qatar 186.3 2015 Al Kharbotly, 2015 Total in some GCC countries 13104.1

Symposium: Best Practices and its Impact to Water Resources Sustainability", Ibri, Oman, 25-26 Jan 2016

Water and energy use efficiency under greenhouse and net house Structure description

The mist system with the shade net reduced temperature by about 6 °C. The shade net without mist system reduced temperature by only 3 °C.

Water and energy use efficiency under greenhouse and net house Structure description

Symposium: Best Practices and its Impact to Water Resources Sustainability", Ibri, Oman, 25-26 Jan 2016 5.50 5.23 6.17 5.12 14.47 18.34 4.65 4.65 Sweet pepper Tomato Cucumber Sweet Pepper Greenhouse Nethouse

Average Water Use (L/m².day)

Irrigation Cooling 268.23 331.97 10.41 10.41 Sweet pepper Tomato Cucumber Sweet Pepper Greenhouse Nethouse

Average Energy Use (Watt-hour/m².day)

5.9 6.1 10.4 8.5 12.9 6.1 16.4 13.0 S1 (Round) S2 (Mini plum) Sarah (Round) Lazarino (Round) Mitre Cetriolo Zeco Al Ameed Tomato under greenhouse Cucumber under net house

Irrigation Water Productivity (Kg/m3)

1.7 1.7 3.0 2.4 17.1 8.1 21.7 17.3 S1 (Round) S2 (Mini plum) Sarah (Round) Lazarino (Round) Mitre Cetriolo Zeco Al Ameed Tomato under greenhouse Cucumber under net house

Cooling Water Productivity (Kg/m3)

Water and energy use efficiency under greenhouse and net house Structure description

Symposium: Best Practices and its Impact to Water Resources Sustainability", Ibri, Oman, 25-26 Jan 2016

10866 10744 6210 7488 132 276 112 133 S1 (Round) S2 (Mini plum) Sarah (Round) Lazarino (Round) Mitre Cetriolo Zeco Al Ameed Tomato under greenhouse Cucumber under net house

Energy Use Efficiency (Watt-hour/Kg)

Water and energy use efficiency under greenhouse and net house Structure description

Symposium: Best Practices and its Impact to Water Resources Sustainability", Ibri, Oman, 25-26 Jan 2016

Water and energy use efficiency under greenhouse and net house Structure description

133 118 123 141 164 167 162 177 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 sand Coco peat sand Coco peat sand Coco peat sand Coco peat Zeco Alfrid Zeco Alfrid Greenhouse Net House Yield (kg/m2)

Cucumber yield under greenhouse and net house (October- January)

Symposium: Best Practices and its Impact to Water Resources Sustainability", Ibri, Oman, 25-26 Jan 2016

New Generation of Green Houses to cut water consumption

Symposium: Best Practices and its Impact to Water Resources Sustainability", Ibri, Oman, 25-26 Jan 2016

41°C 40°C 28°C 40°C 50°C hot warm cold 9 7 8 10

• Evaporation of water from liquid desiccant to

greenhouse air within the Absorber Box (regeneration

• f desiccant for next day) under use of heat from

storage

• Cooling of air and condensation/collection of water
• n extended northern wall
• Return of desiccant concentrate to storage, while

passing the solar collector for further radiative cooling

• Further

condensation/collection

• f

water

• n

greenhouse cover surface

New Generation of Green Houses to cut water consumption

Use of saline or even seawater for cooling greenhouses

Symposium: Best Practices and its Impact to Water Resources Sustainability", Ibri, Oman, 25-26 Jan 2016

80% of water used in greenhouse is for cooling

Hydroponic system to recycle drainage water

Symposium: Best Practices and its Impact to Water Resources Sustainability", Ibri, Oman, 25-26 Jan 2016

Productivity of 1 m3 of water in GCC

Protected Agriculture Vs. Open Field

Tomato Pepper

PA 28.2kg PA 16.7kg OF 2.8kg OF 1.2kg

ICARDA/QNFSP 2010

Symposium: Best Practices and its Impact to Water Resources Sustainability", Ibri, Oman, 25-26 Jan 2016

Conclusion

Symposium: Best Practices and its Impact to Water Resources Sustainability", Ibri, Oman, 25-26 Jan 2016

 Although many practices targeted at improving greenhouse productivity are agronomically and technically sound, it is also necessary to assess their economic and environmental sustainability in GCC countries  The use of Screen-house hold a great opportunity for cutting water and energy while still producing food during the period October to June  The use of saline water through the volcanic rock pad will reduce by 80% the fresh water used in the greenhouse production  The use of closed hydroponic system allows to save water and nutrients however qualified technicians are required to manage and operate the system The use of local substrate as sand and organic matter increase the crop productivity and benefice compared to imported materials (coco peat, perlite…etc)  The new generation greenhouse could save up to 90% of applied water under close protected agriculture and needs more applied research, development and adaptation

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