Religious Liberty & the Free Society Celebrating the 50th Anniversary of Dignitatis Humanae Notre Dame Law Review Annual Symposium November 6, 2015
Religious Majorities and Restrictions on Religion Brett G. Scharffs Francis R. Kirkham Professor of Law, Associate Dean for Faculty and Curriculum, Associate Director of the International Center for Law and Religion Studies, J. Reuben Clark Law School, Brigham Young University
The analysis considers restrictions on religious freedom arising from three interrelated sources: 1. Government / Laws 2. Social Hostilities 3. Religion (dominant national religions) Source: Pew Research Center, Latest Trends in Religious Restrictions and Hostilities - February 2015
39% of the world’s countries have high or These 39% of countries include very high restrictions on religious more than three-fourths (77%) of freedom* the world’s population* 39% 77% 31% 30% 19% 4% Pew Research Center, Latest Trends in Religious Restrictions and Hostilities - February 2015 Data for 2013. High/very high totals given in report. Moderate and low data % calculated from 2012 comparison.
100 29% 30% 31% 37% 40% 43% 39% High or 80 Very High Restrictions 25 35 25 60 28 31 26 29 Moderate 40 46 44 35 35 34 30 28 20 Low 0 YEARS JUN JUN JUN JUN DEC DEC DEC 2013 ENDING 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Pew Research Center, Latest Trends in Religious Restrictions and Hostilities - February 2015 Data for 2013. High/very high totals given in report. Moderate and low data % calculated from 2012 comparison.
100 68% 67% 70% 75% 74% 76% 77% High or 80 Very High Restrictions 60 40 27 18 21 19 20 20 19 20 Moderate 14 10 Low 6 6 6 0 4 4 JUN JUN JUN JUN DEC DEC DEC YEARS 2013 ENDING 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Pew Research Center, Latest Trends in Religious Restrictions and Hostilities - February 2015 Data for 2013. High/very high totals given in report. Moderate and low data % calculated from 2012 comparison.
Very High High SCORES 6.6 AND HIGHER SCORES FROM 3.6 TO 7.1 Kuwait China Maldives Bulgaria Indonesia Bahrain Sri Lanka Uzbekistan Pakistan Bangladesh Iran Turkmenistan Armenia Egypt Iraq Cuba Afghanistan Belarus Oman Malaysia Morocco Djibouti Saudi Arabia Jordan India Burma (Myanmar) Western Sahara Angola Russia Laos Bhutan Turkey Vietnam Tunisia Syria Algeria Rwanda Azerbaijan Qatar Libya Sudan Kazakhstan United Arab Brunei Mauritania Emirates Eritrea Yemen Ethiopia Tajikistan Kyrgyzstan Romania Singapore Germany Israel Pew Research Center, Latest Trends in Religious Restrictions and Hostilities - February 2015
China Indonesia Uzbekistan Iran Egypt Afghanistan Malaysia Saudi Arabia Burma (Myanmar) Russia Turkey China Indonesia Syria Uzbekistan Iran Azerbaijan Egypt Sudan Afghanistan Malaysia Brunei Saudi Arabia Eritrea Burma (Myanmar) Russia Tajikistan Turkey Syria Singapore Azerbaijan Sudan Brunei Eritrea Maldives Laos Kuwait Angola Tajikistan Bahrain Algeria Bulgaria Bhutan Singapore Pakistan Vietnam Sri Lanka Tunisia Maldives Qatar Oman Turkmenistan Qatar Bangladesh Rwanda Bahrain Kazakhstan Djibouti Pakistan Mauritania India Iraq Kazakhstan Armenia Libya Turkmenistan Yemen Angola Iraq Kyrgyzstan Bhutan Belarus Mauritania Cuba UAE Belarus Israel Tunisia Very High Morocco Kuwait Rwanda Morocco Yemen Oman Ethiopia High Jordan Bulgaria Libya Western Sahara Sri Lanka UAE Jordan Kyrgyzstan Djibouti Romania Moderate Laos Bangladesh Ethiopia Low Algeria Western Sahara Armenia Romania Israel India Germany Vietnam Cuba Germany Pew Research Center, Latest Trends in Religious Restrictions and Hostilities - February 2015
Muslim 100 Buddhist (Orthodox) Christian 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Pew Research Center, Latest Trends in Religious Restrictions and Hostilities - February 2015
100 Christian (mixed) 90 Muslim 80 Buddhist Unaffiliated 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Pew Research Center, Latest Trends in Religious Restrictions and Hostilities - February 2015
Christian (mixed) 100 Hindu Jewish 90 Muslim Buddhist 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Pew Research Center, Latest Trends in Religious Restrictions and Hostilities - February 2015
100 Buddhist 90 Christian (mixed) Folk religions 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Pew Research Center, Latest Trends in Religious Restrictions and Hostilities - February 2015
High Very High SCORES FROM 3.6 TO 7.1 SCORES 7.2 AND HIGHER Israel Yemen Turkey India Georgia Libya Palestinian territories China Burma (Myanmar) Pakistan Germany Sudan Sweden Nigeria Thailand Bosnia-Herzegovina Bangladesh Lebanon Uganda Sri Lanka Algeria Niger Russia Nepal Maldives Syria Tunisia Moldova Somalia United Kingdom Brazil Afghanistan Kosovo Tuvalu Tanzania Mexico Armenia Indonesia Italy Romania Kuwait Egypt Greece Bulgaria Central African Republic Iran Vietnam Iraq France Mali Kenya Ethiopia Saudi Arabia Pew Research Center, Latest Trends in Religious Restrictions and Hostilities - February 2015
Yemen United Kingdom Georgia Brazil Libya Kosovo China Tuvalu Burma (Myanmar) Armenia Germany Mexico Sudan Romania Sweden Italy Thailand Greece BIH Kuwait Lebanon Iran Uganda Bulgaria Algeria France Niger Vietnam Nepal Ethiopia Maldives Mali Tunisia Turkey Moldova Saudi Arabia Yemen Georgia Libya China Israel Burma (Myanmar) Germany India Sudan Sweden Palestinian territories Israel Syria Thailand Bosnia-Herzegovina Pakistan Lebanon Uganda India Nigeria Somalia Algeria Niger Bangladesh Nepal Maldives Palestinian Afghanistan Sri Lanka Tunisia Moldova Russia territories Tanzania United Kingdom Brazil Syria Kosovo Tuvalu Pakistan Somalia Indonesia Armenia Mexico Afghanistan Romania Italy Nigeria Egypt Tanzania Greece Kuwait Indonesia Bangladesh CAR Very High Iran Bulgaria Egypt High France Vietnam Sri Lanka CAR Iraq Ethiopia Mali Moderate Iraq Turkey Saudi Arabia Russia Kenya Kenya Low Pew Research Center, Latest Trends in Religious Restrictions and Hostilities - February 2015
Christian (mixed) Hindu Jewish 100 Muslim 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Pew Research Center, Latest Trends in Religious Restrictions and Hostilities - February 2015
100 90 80 Buddhist Christian (mixed) 70 Muslim 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Sri Lanka Tanzania Nigeria* * Nigeria is evenly divided between Christian (49.3%) and Muslim (48.8%). Pew Research Center, Latest Trends in Religious Restrictions and Hostilities - February 2015
Christian Hindu Buddhist Muslim 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Pew Research Center, Latest Trends in Religious Restrictions and Hostilities - February 2015
100 90 Christian (mixed denomination) Folk Religions 80 Unafilliated 70 Muslim 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Germany Sweden Ethiopia France Lebanon China BIH * Vietnam *The religious balance in Bosnia and Herzegovina is approximately 52% Christian and 45% Muslim. Pew Research Center, Latest Trends in Religious Restrictions and Hostilities - February 2015
China China Indonesia Indonesia Uzbekistan Uzbekistan Iran Iran Egypt Egypt Afghanistan Afghanistan Malaysia Malaysia Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia Burma (Myanmar) Burma (Myanmar) Russia Russia Turkey Turkey Syria Syria Azerbaijan Azerbaijan Sudan Sudan Brunei Brunei Eritrea Eritrea Tajikistan Tajikistan Singapore Singapore Maldives Maldives Laos Laos Kuwait Kuwait Angola Angola Bahrain Bahrain Algeria Algeria Bulgaria Bulgaria Bhutan Bhutan Pakistan Pakistan Vietnam Vietnam Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Tunisia Tunisia Turkmenistan Qatar Bangladesh Rwanda Turkmenistan Qatar Bangladesh Rwanda Iraq Iraq Kazakhstan Kazakhstan Armenia Armenia Libya Libya Belarus Belarus Mauritania Mauritania Cuba Cuba UAE UAE Morocco Morocco Yemen Yemen Oman Oman Ethiopia Ethiopia Dominant religious group less than 70% Very High Jordan Jordan Kyrgyzstan Kyrgyzstan Djibouti Djibouti Romania Romania Dominant religious group greater than 70% High Western Sahara Western Sahara Israel Israel India India Germany Germany Pew Research Center, Latest Trends in Religious Restrictions and Hostilities - February 2015
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