Determining the Aquatic Toxicity of Deicing Materials Laboratory - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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determining the aquatic toxicity of deicing materials
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Determining the Aquatic Toxicity of Deicing Materials Laboratory - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Slide 1 Determining the Aquatic Toxicity of Deicing Materials Laboratory based study to evaluate the aquatic toxicity of liquid deicing chemicals Acute and chronic

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Determining the Aquatic Toxicity of Deicing Materials

  • Laboratorybasedstudytoevaluate

theaquatictoxicityofliquiddeicing chemicals

  • Acuteand“”chronic”„tests
  • Testspecies

– Ceriodaphniadubia

  • Waterflea,zooplankton

– Pimephales promelas

  • Fish,fatheadminnow

– Selenastrum capricornutum

  • Algae

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The Laboratory

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Study Design

  • Acuteandchronictoxiceffects
  • Acute

– 48to96hourtest – Measuresurvival

  • Chronic

– 7daytest(C.dubia,fathead) – 4daytest(algae) – Measuregrowth,reproduction,andsurvival

  • Measureableoutcomeendpoints

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  • LC50

– Concentrationatwhichthereisa50%reductionin survival...

  • IC25

– Concentrationatwhichthereisa25%reductioninyoung production,growth...

  • IC50

– Concentrationatwhichthereisa50%reductioninyoung production,growth...

  • NOEC

– Highestconcentrationatwhichthereisnotoxicity...

Study Design endpoints

...comparedtothecontrols

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  • Doseresponse

–Addarangeofvolumesofdeicingchemical towater –Getarangeofresponsesfromthetest

  • rganisms

–Resultisacurveshowinghowtheorganism responds Study Design

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Products Evaluated

  • 1. WatershedCl inhibitorwithsodiumchloridesaltbrine
  • 2. Beet55inhibitorwithsodiumchloridesaltbrine
  • 3. FreezGard CIPlusinhibitormagnesiumchloride
  • 4. MeltdownApexinhibitormagnesiumchloride
  • 5. RoadGuardPlusinhibitorcalciumchloride
  • 6. Boostinhibitorcalciumchloride
  • 7. CF7inhibitorpotassiumacetate
  • 8. Apogeeglycerol

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Toxicity Test Dose-Response Example: Watershed CI

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

FHMinnowWeight(mg)Day7ofTest ProductConcentration(gramsproductperliterofMHlaboratory water)

FatheadMinnows: Growth

control chronic

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Toxicity Test Dose-Response Example: Watershed CI

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

C.dubiaMeanYoungProductionDay7ofTest ProductConcentration(gramsproductperliterofMHlaboratory water)

Ceriodaphniadubia: Reproduction

control chronic

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Toxicity Test Dose-Response Example: Watershed CI

chronic

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5 10 15 20 25 30

MeanCellProductioninMillionsDay4ofTest ProductConcentration(gramsproductperliterofMH laboratorywater)

Selenastrum capricornutum: Growth

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Toxicity Test Dose-Response Example: Watershed CI

AcuteandChronic

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 10 20 30 40 50 60

FHMinnowPercentSurvival ProductConcentration(gramsproductperliterofMHlaboratory water) 96Hour:Acute 7Day:Chronic FatheadMinnows: Survival

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Toxicity Test Dose-Response Example: Watershed CI

AcuteandChronic

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 5 10 15 20 25

C.dubiaPercentSurvival ProductConcentration(gramsproductperliterofMHlaboratory water)

48Hour:Acute 7Day:Chronic

Ceriodaphniadubia:Survival

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Endpoints example RoadGard Plus

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

FHMinnowWeight(mg)Day7ofTest ProductConcentration(gramsproductperliterofMHlaboratorywater) FatheadMinnows:Growth

chronic

25%reduction

IC25=2.46

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Endpoints example RoadGard Plus

0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

FHMinnowWeight(mg)Day7ofTest ProductConcentration(gramsproductperliterofMHlaboratorywater) FatheadMinnows:Growth

chronic IC50=3.30

50%reduction Slide13

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Endpoint Tables mass based

Product ToxicologicalEndpointasProduct(gramsproduct/literofdiluent) Acute NOEC (survival) Acute LC50 (survival) Chronic NOEC (survival) ChronicLC50 (survival) ChronicNOEC (young production) ChronicIC25 (young production) ChronicIC50 (young production) WatershedCl:Inhibitor+Salt(NaCl) 12.0 17.0 3.00 4.81 1.00 0.990 3.43

MassofProduct/VolumeofDiluent=Massofliquidproductdilutedinrunoff andthereceivingwaterbody Ceriodaphniadubia

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Endpoint Tables volume based

VolumeofProduct/VolumeofDiluent=volumeofliquidproductdilutedin runoffandthereceivingwaterbody Forthepractitioner!

Product ToxicologicalEndpointasProduct(millilitersofproduct/literofdiluent)(1) Acute NOEC (survival) AcuteLC50 (survival) Chronic NOEC (survival) ChronicLC50 (survival) ChronicNOEC (young production) ChronicIC25 (young production) ChronicIC50 (young production) WatershedCl:Inhibitor+Salt(NaCl) 9.4 13.3 2.3 3.8 0.8 0.8 2.7

Ceriodaphniadubia

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Endpoint Tables salt content based

Massofsaltpervolumeofproduct/volumeofdiluent=massofsaltdilutedin runoffandthereceivingwaterbody Tonormalizeproductsbaseduponsaltmassperunitvolumeandtopromote comparison Whichinhibitorismorechronicallytoxic? Ceriodaphniadubia

Product Chemical Usedfor Endpoint Calculation Stock Concentration (gramssalt/ literof product)2 ToxicologicalEndpointasPrimarySalt(milligramssalt/literofdiluent)1 Acute NOEC (survival) Acute LC50 (survival) Chronic NOEC (survival) Chronic LC50 (survival) Chronic NOEC (young production) ChronicIC25 (young production) ChronicIC50 (young production) WatershedCl :Inhibitor +Salt(NaCl) Na+Cl 288 2705 3826 676 1084 225 223 773 Beet55:Inhibitor+Salt (NaCl) Na+Cl 224 1760 2782 17.6 102 1.76 12.4 64.8

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Ranking

RankingbyTotalProductMass

Product Relative Toxicological Rank WatershedCl:Inhibitor+Salt (NaCl) 1 Boost(CaCl2) 2 RoadGuardPlus(CaCl2) 3 Beet55:Inhibitor+Salt(NaCl) 4 FreezGardCIPlus(MgCl2) 5 Apogee(Glycerol) 6 MeltdownApex(MgCl2) 7 CF7(KAcetate) 8

RankingbySaltMass

Product Relative Toxicological Rank WatershedCl:Inhibitor+Salt(NaCl) 1 Boost(CaCl2) 2 RoadGuardPlus(CaCl2) 3 FreezGard CIPlus(MgCl2) 4 MeltdownApex(MgCl2) 5 Beet55:Inhibitor+Salt(NaCl) 6 CF7(KAcetate) 7

lesstoxic

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Ranking by Salt Type

Forthiscurrentstudy(frommosttoleasttoxic): KAcetate>MgCl2 >CaCl2 >NaCl Saltonlytoxicityfromtheliterature: KAcetate>MgCl2 >CaCl2 =NaCl

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Other Observations dissolved oxygen

DissolvedOxygenMeasuredDuringTheTest

Product C.dubia FatheadMinnow Selenastrum Capricornutum DissolvedOxygen(mg/L) AtAcute LC50 AtChronic IC50 AtAcute LC50 AtChronic IC50 AtIC50 WatershedCl:Inhibitor+Salt (NaCl) 7.91 8.09 5.1 6.54 9.49 Beet55:Inhibitor+Salt(NaCl) 4.26 7.69 1.70 6.24 9.64 FreezGardCIPlus(MgCl2) 7.96 8.04 4.70 7.09 9.53 MeltdownApex(MgCl2) 8.07 8.19 7.20 7.38 8.14 RoadGuardPlus(CaCl2) 7.24 7.74 4.24 4.60 8.16 Boost(CaCl2) 5.54 7.33 3.28 3.97 9.01 CF7(KAcetate) 7.29 7.98 4.64 6.50 9.05 Apogee(Glycerol) 7.16 7.70 4.54 5.58 9.78

Reminder:DailyRenewals Dissolvedoxygeneffectsstillpossibleinthereceivingwaterbody

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Other Observations species sensitivity to products

AcuteToxicity: fatheadminnow>Ceriodaphniadubia moresensitive........lesssensitive ChronicToxicity: Ceriodaphniadubia>>>Selenastrum >fatheadminnow moresensitive........................................lesssensitive

(96hourtest) (48hourtest) (7daytest) (7daytest) (4daytest)

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Conclusions

  • Testingprovidedhighqualitydatasetforaselectednumber
  • fliquiddeicingproducts
  • Testingresultscanbeusedtomakeestimatesofpotential

toxicologicalimpactonreceivingwaters,recognizingthat: – Receivingwatermayhavedifferentchemistrythanthe laboratorywaterusedinthisstudy – Someoftheproductmayberetainedinsoilsandthiswill needtobeconsideredinanyimpactassessment.

  • Acuteorchronicdatause

– Dependsupontypicalstormlengthforgivenregionof country – Dependsuponthereceivingwaterbody,e.g.

  • Largeriver=acute
  • Lake=chronic

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Conclusions: potential future work

  • Temperature

–Needtodetermineiftheseproductsare moreorlesstoxicatlowtemperatures

  • Longertermdissolvedoxygenlossand

effectsontoxicity

  • Productretentionanddecay
  • Studyeffectswithexposureperiods

representativeofstormevents

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