Department of Industrial & Employment Relations The Integration of Third Country Nationals at Their Place of Work in Malta - A Qualitative Study M.FSADNI & Associates Market Research Consultants 21 May 2014
A The Research Brief
Research Brief The Objective of this Research Project was twofold: a. to undertake a qualitative research study and present a research report for discussion with social partners and interested stakeholders; b. to present the qualitative research findings in a focused conference.
B The Research Plan
The Research Plan ` To address the research project's objectives, the Research Consultants adopted the following Research Plan: Face-to-face Interviews with 10 Stakeholders Face-to-face interviews with 100 Third Country Nationals (TCNs) CATI interviews with 30 Employers of TCNs.
The Research Plan Face-to-Face interviews with Stakeholders: 4 NGOs with an interest in TCN affairs A government agency with an interest in TCN affairs An NGO representing TCN workers (Filipinos) A leading employer association A large employer who currently employs employees hailing from over 30 nationalities An HR Manager A leading trade union A Sub-Saharan African TCN worker turned 'Self-Employed with Employees' (in Malta).
The Research Plan Face-to-Face interviews with 101 TCN Workers ASIA Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) Filipino x 17 Somalia x 18 China x 2 Eritrea x 17 Japan x 1 Ghana x 7 India x 1 Ivory Coast x 6 Nigeria x 6 Ethiopia x 4 Middle East/North Africa (MENA) Togo x 4 Libya x 4 Mali x 2 Syria x 4 Niger x 2 Tunisia x 3 Morocco x 2 Lebanon x 1 Egypt x 1
The Research Plan CATI Interviews with 30 Employers of TCN Workers Counts Break % Total Manufacture Construction Import/Retail Hospitality Services Respondents Total 31 5 6 7 6 7 8 1 3 1 - 3 1-9 25.8% 20.0% 50.0% 14.3% - 42.9% 11 2 2 4 2 1 10-49 35.5% 40.0% 33.3% 57.1% 33.3% 14.3% 5 - - 2 2 1 50-249 16.1% - - 28.6% 33.3% 14.3% 7 2 1 - 2 2 250+ 22.6% 40.0% 16.7% - 33.3% 28.6%
The Research Plan Shortcomings of the Primary Research The Research Consultant did not encounter any significant difficulties in inviting TCN workers and local employers to participate in the study. The majority of TCNs approached, accepted to be interviewed . A small gift was given to each TCN respondent. Some 120 local companies were contacted, out of which 31 employers accepted to be interviewed. The employers who did not wish to be interviewed, either never employed TCN workers to date or refused to be interviewed, which is typical of the employer cohort.
C Highlights of the Salient Findings
C i Respondent Profile – TCN Workers
Respondent Profile – TCN Workers Gender of TCN Workers Counts Break % Total ASIA MENA SSA Respondents Total 101 21 14 66 72 3 14 55 Male 71.3% 14.3% 100.0% 83.3% 29 18 - 11 Female 28.7% 85.7% - 16.7%
Respondent Profile – TCN Workers Age of TCN Workers Counts Break % Total ASIA MENA SSA Respondents Total 101 21 14 66 15 - 2 13 18-24 yrs 14.9% - 14.3% 19.7% 56 5 8 43 25-34 yrs 55.4% 23.8% 57.1% 65.2% 23 12 3 8 35-44 yrs 22.8% 57.1% 21.4% 12.1% 7 4 1 2 45-54 yrs 6.9% 19.0% 7.1% 3.0% - - - - 55+ yrs - - - - - - - - Refused - - - -
Respondent Profile – TCN Workers Level of Education of TCN Workers Counts Break % Total ASIA MENA SSA Respondents Total 101 21 14 66 33 - 2 31 Primary 32.7% - 14.3% 47.0% 49 5 12 32 Secondary 48.5% 23.8% 85.7% 48.5% 19 16 - 3 Tertiary 18.8% 76.2% - 4.5% - - - - Refused - - - -
Respondent Profile – TCN Workers Length of Stay of TCN Workers in Malta Counts Break % Total ASIA MENA SSA Respondents Total 101 21 14 66 2 2 - - Less than 6 months 2.0% 9.5% - - 7 - - 7 Bet 6 mths - 1 yrs 6.9% - - 10.6% 19 - 2 17 Bet 1-2 yrs 18.8% - 14.3% 25.8% 28 9 4 15 Bet 2-5 yrs 27.7% 42.9% 28.6% 22.7% 40 6 7 27 Bet 5-10 yrs 39.6% 28.6% 50.0% 40.9% 5 4 1 - Over 10 yrs 5.0% 19.0% 7.1% - - - - - Refused - - - -
Respondent Profile – TCN Workers TCNs’ Future Plans Counts Break % Total ASIA MENA SSA Respondents Total 95 21 14 60 I plan to settle in 36 7 6 23 Malta 37.9% 33.3% 42.9% 38.3% I plan to stay in Malta 43 11 3 29 for a limited time 45.3% 52.4% 21.4% 48.3% only I have not made any 13 2 5 6 plans yet 13.7% 9.5% 35.7% 10.0% 3 1 - 2 Dont Know 3.2% 4.8% - 3.3% - - - - Refused - - - -
Respondent Profile – TCN Workers Number of Family Members Living in Malta Counts Break % Total ASIA MENA SSA Respondents Total 101 21 14 66 51 6 6 39 No family member 50.5% 28.6% 42.9% 59.1% Bet 1-2 family 29 8 4 17 members 28.7% 38.1% 28.6% 25.8% Bet 3-4 family 19 7 3 9 members 18.8% 33.3% 21.4% 13.6% Bet 5-7 family 2 - 1 1 members 2.0% - 7.1% 1.5% Over 7 family - - - - members - - - - - - - - Refused - - - -
Respondent Profile – TCN Workers Languages Spoken to Communicate in Malta (multiple-response question) Counts Break % Total ASIA MENA SSA Respondents Total 101 21 14 66 91 21 8 62 English 90.1% 100.0% 57.1% 93.9% 30 3 12 15 Maltese 29.7% 14.3% 85.7% 22.7% 1 1 - - Body/Sign language 1.0% 4.8% - - 97 20 14 63 Other 96.0% 95.2% 100.0% 95.5% I find it difficult to 1 - - 1 communicate 1.0% - - 1.5% - - - - Refused - - - -
Respondent Profile – TCN Workers TCN Workers’ Forming Part of an Association in Malta Counts Break % Total ASIA MENA SSA Respondents Total 101 21 14 66 21 19 1 1 Yes 20.8% 90.5% 7.1% 1.5% 80 2 13 65 No 79.2% 9.5% 92.9% 98.5% - - - - Refused - - - -
C ii TCNs‘ Employment in Malta
TCNs’ Employment in Malta Occupations Held by TCN Workers ASIA SSA • personal carer in private residence x 11 • construction, plastering/painting/tile-laying x 20 • nanny in a private residence x 4 • housekeeping in a hotel x 12 • housekeeper in a private residence x 2 • dishwasher, kitchen helper in a hotel x 6 • shop manager x 2 • housekeeping in a restaurant/bar x 5 • shop assistant X 2 • machine operator, packer in a factory x 4 • beautician • housekeeping in a private residence x 3 • scuba-diving assistant in a hotel. • assistant electrician x 3 • housekeeping in a supermarket x 2 MENA • housekeeping in a school x 2 • construction x 9 • planting flowers x 2 • dishwasher, kitchen helper in hotel x 2 • housekeeping in a hospital • housekeeping • garbage collector • security guard • translator • clerk. • professional footballer • lifeguard in a waterpolo pitch.
TCNs’ Employment in Malta Type of Work Environment TCNs Work in Counts Break % Total ASIA MENA SSA Respondents Total 95 21 14 60 w ork w ith other 5 1 1 3 Maltese w orkers 5.3% 4.8% 7.1% 5.0% only w ork w ith other Maltese w orkers & 21 - 2 19 w orkers of your 22.1% - 14.3% 31.7% ow n nationality w ork w ith other Maltese w rkrs, 49 4 10 35 other foreign w rkrs, 51.6% 19.0% 71.4% 58.3% & w rkrs of your ow n nationality w ork w ith other 3 - 1 2 w orkers of your 3.2% - 7.1% 3.3% ow n nationality only 17 16 - 1 You w ork alone 17.9% 76.2% - 1.7% - - - - Refused - - - -
TCNs’ Employment in Malta How Long TCN workers have been in Uninterrupted Employment Counts Break % Total ASIA ME NA SSA Respondents Total 95 21 14 60 - - - - Less than 3 months - - - - 16 2 - 14 Betw een 3-6 months 16.8% 9.5% - 23.3% Betw een 6-12 16 - 1 15 months 16.8% - 7.1% 25.0% 17 1 4 12 Betw een 1-2 yrs 17.9% 4.8% 28.6% 20.0% 31 11 4 16 Betw een 2-5 yrs 32.6% 52.4% 28.6% 26.7% 14 6 5 3 Betw een 5-10 yrs 14.7% 28.6% 35.7% 5.0% 1 1 - - Over 10 yrs 1.1% 4.8% - - - - - - Refused - - - -
TCNs’ Employment in Malta Comparison of TCN Workers’ Wages with Those of Maltese Workers Employed in the Same Position Counts Break % Total ASIA MENA SSA Respondents Total 95 21 14 60 - - - - My wage is higher - - - - 23 9 7 7 My wage is similar 24.2% 42.9% 50.0% 11.7% 71 12 6 53 My wage is lower 74.7% 57.1% 42.9% 88.3% 1 - 1 - Not Applicable 1.1% - 7.1% - - - - - Refused - - - -
TCNs’ Employment in Malta TCNs’ Utilizing Vacation Leave Counts Break % Total ASIA MENA SSA Respondents Total 95 21 14 60 58 19 7 32 Yes 61.1% 90.5% 50.0% 53.3% 37 2 7 28 No 38.9% 9.5% 50.0% 46.7% - - - - Dont Know - - - - - - - - Refused - - - -
TCNs’ Employment in Malta Reasons for Not Taking Vacation Leave Counts Break % Total ASIA MENA SSA Respondents Total 37 2 7 28 I am paid for it - - - - instead - - - - My employer does 33 2 4 27 not give me vacation 89.2% 100.0% 57.1% 96.4% leave 4 - 3 1 Other 10.8% - 42.9% 3.6% - - - - Dont Know - - - - - - - - Refused - - - -
C iii TCNs & Trade Union Membership
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