DEMOCRACY AND DISSENT THE CHALLENGE OF INTERNATIONAL RULE MAKING - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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DEMOCRACY AND DISSENT THE CHALLENGE OF INTERNATIONAL RULE MAKING - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Dec 11, 2023 259 likes •424 views

DEMOCRACY AND DISSENT THE CHALLENGE OF INTERNATIONAL RULE MAKING Frank Vibert NORMATIVE ASSUMPTIONS INTERNATIONAL RULE MAKING A GOOD THING. WE WILL NEED MORE OF IT IN FUTURE. THE TWO BASIC PROBLEMS INTERNATIONAL RULE

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DEMOCRACY AND DISSENT

THE CHALLENGE OF INTERNATIONAL RULE MAKING Frank Vibert

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NORMATIVE ASSUMPTIONS

  • INTERNATIONAL RULE MAKING A

‘GOOD THING’.

  • WE WILL NEED MORE OF IT IN

FUTURE.

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THE TWO BASIC PROBLEMS

  • INTERNATIONAL RULE MAKING NOT

DEMOCRATIC;

  • INTERNATIONAL RULE MAKING

PRONE TO FAILURE

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WHAT IS NEW IN ANALYSIS

  • CITIZENS AS RECEIVERS OF RULES MADE BY

OTHERS.

  • FOCUS ON FAILINGS OF EXPERT GROUPS.
  • USE OF TWO FRAMEWORKS:

– MULTI LEVEL GOVERNANCE (FORM OF AUTHORITY) – DIFFUSION FRAMEWORK.(PROCESSES OF DIFFERENT ACTORS – EXPERTS, GOVTS,CITIZENS – AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF RULE MAKING).

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DIAGNOSING THE DEMOCRATIC DEFICIT

  • CONCILIATION?
  • CONGRUENCE?

– INSTITUTIONAL – VALUE.

  • DISSENT?
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HARNESSING DISSENT

  • TRANSFORMATION

– SOCIALISATION & COMPETITIVE POLITICS – RESPONSIVENESS & POWER SHARING.

  • MEDIATION

– LEGAL PLURALISM – COSMOPOLITANISM?

  • SPECIFIC GOVERNING RULES
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DIAGNOSING SOURCES OF FAILURE

  • EXECUTIVE.

– Poor leadership; mistakes by govts.

  • CULTURAL/ORGANIZATIONAL.

– Group think; negotiated compliance.

  • COGNITIVE.

– Failures of method in interpreting data, causalities, missing information and uncertainties.

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Epistemic weakness

  • ‘The IMF’s ability to correctly identify the

mounting risks was hindered by a high degree of groupthink, intellectual capture, a general mindset that a major crisis in large advanced economies was unlikely, and inadequate analytic approaches’.

  • IEO/IMF Jan 10 2011.
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EXPERT GROUPS & COGNITIVE FAILURE

Shared Principled Beliefs Common Notions of Validity

Framing Categorisation Anchoring Herding

Shared Causal Beliefs Common Problem Solving Venture

Attribution Action induced Confirmatory Availability

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COMBATTING COGNITIVE FAILURE: PRINCIPLES

  • ‘RAISING THE STAKES’ ; putting

reputation & status on the line.

  • COMPETING PROBLEM DEFINITIONS.
  • CONTINUOUS CHALLENGE –from

inception though evaluation.

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COMBATTING COGNITIVE FAILURE: PRACTICES

  • COMPETIVE EVALUATION.
  • PROCESS TRACING
  • QUANTIFYING UNCERTAINTIES
  • CAUSAL EVALUATION
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PROCEDURES AND EXPERT FAILURE

Elite Characteristic Challenge Method Target of Challenge Shared principled beliefs Competitive evaluation Framing/anchoring bias Shared notions of validity Confidence levels Herding/categorisation bias Shared causal beliefs Process tracing Attribution/confirmation bias Common problem solving venture Continuing audit of causalities Action induced/availability bias

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INSTITUTIONAL FIXES?

  • G 20 ?
  • Hybrids ? (combining expert groups with

universal membership orgs. IPCC/UNEP/WMO).

  • UN? Revive Economic & Social Council?
  • No. Institutional arrangements will remain fluid.
  • Need to focus on processes –challenge

processes.

  • Challenge process for governments?
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Effectiveness & democracy

  • A conflict ??? – Dahl etc.
  • Not necessarily: common link is the need for

procedures that permit challenge

  • To governments
  • To expert groups
  • More effective rule making
  • More democratic.
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