SLIDE 1 Decompositions of Hypergraphs
Felix Joos July 2020
Decompositions of Hypergraphs Felix Joos July 2020 Old results - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Decompositions of Hypergraphs Felix Joos July 2020 Old results - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Decompositions of Hypergraphs Felix Joos July 2020 Old results Theorem (Walecki, 1892) K 2 n +1 has a decomposition into edge-disjoint Hamilton cycles. Old results Theorem (Walecki, 1892) K 2 n +1 has a decomposition into edge-disjoint
SLIDE 2 Old results
Theorem (Walecki, 1892)
K2n+1 has a decomposition into edge-disjoint Hamilton cycles.
SLIDE 3 Old results
Theorem (Walecki, 1892)
K2n+1 has a decomposition into edge-disjoint Hamilton cycles.
Theorem (Dirac, 1952)
Every graph G on n ≥ 3 vertices with δ(G) ≥ n
2 contains a Hamilton cycle.
SLIDE 4 Old results
Theorem (Walecki, 1892)
K2n+1 has a decomposition into edge-disjoint Hamilton cycles.
Theorem (Dirac, 1952)
Every graph G on n ≥ 3 vertices with δ(G) ≥ n
2 contains a Hamilton cycle.
Theorem (Hajnal, Szemer´ edi, 1970)
k|n and δ(G) ≥ k−1
k n, then G contains a Kk-factor.
SLIDE 5 Generalizations
Theorem (Csaba, K¨ uhn, Lo, Osthus, Treglown, 2016)
G r-regular with r ≥ n
2 and even, n large, then G has a Hamilton
decomposition.
SLIDE 6 Generalizations
Theorem (Csaba, K¨ uhn, Lo, Osthus, Treglown, 2016)
G r-regular with r ≥ n
2 and even, n large, then G has a Hamilton
decomposition.
Theorem (B¨
- ttcher, Schacht, Taraz, 2009)
SLIDE 7 Open problems
Conjecture (Nash-Williams, 1970)
δ(G) ≥ 3n
4 and G is triangle-divisible, then G has a triangle decomposition
SLIDE 8 Open problems
Conjecture (Nash-Williams, 1970)
δ(G) ≥ 3n
4 and G is triangle-divisible, then G has a triangle decomposition
Problem
Given a graph H, determine δH where δH is the least δ such that for every ε > 0 and G on n (large) vertices with δ(G) ≥ (δ +ε)n has a H-decomposition subject to divisibility conditions?
SLIDE 9 A step forward
Fractional H-decomposition of G: ω: {copies of H in G} → [0,1] such that
H∋e ω(H) = 1 for e ∈ E(G).
SLIDE 10 A step forward
Fractional H-decomposition of G: ω: {copies of H in G} → [0,1] such that
H∋e ω(H) = 1 for e ∈ E(G).
δ∗
H fractional version of δH.
SLIDE 11 A step forward
Fractional H-decomposition of G: ω: {copies of H in G} → [0,1] such that
H∋e ω(H) = 1 for e ∈ E(G).
δ∗
H fractional version of δH.
Theorem (Barber, K¨ uhn, Lo, Osthus, 2016; Glock, K¨ uhn, Lo, Montgomery, Osthus, 2019)
δH ∈ {δ∗
H,1− 1 χ,1− 1 χ+1} for χ = χ(H) ≥ 5
solved for bipartite H General tool: turning fractional decompositions into decompositions
SLIDE 12 Cycles
Theorem (Barber, K¨ uhn, Lo, Osthus, 2016)
δC4 = 2
3 and δC2ℓ = 1 2 for ℓ ≥ 3
δC2ℓ+1 = δ∗
C2ℓ+1
SLIDE 13 Cycles
Theorem (Barber, K¨ uhn, Lo, Osthus, 2016)
δC4 = 2
3 and δC2ℓ = 1 2 for ℓ ≥ 3
δC2ℓ+1 = δ∗
C2ℓ+1
Theorem (J., M. K¨ uhn, 2020+)
δC2ℓ+1 → 1
2 (ℓ → ∞)
SLIDE 14 Hypergraphs - old results
G k-uniform (k-graph): edges of size k dm(S) = number of edges containing S for |S| = m δm(G) = minS dm(S) δ(G) = δk−1(G)
SLIDE 15 Hypergraphs - old results
G k-uniform (k-graph): edges of size k dm(S) = number of edges containing S for |S| = m δm(G) = minS dm(S) δ(G) = δk−1(G) tight cycle = cyclic vertex ordering, all k consecutive vertices form an edge
SLIDE 16 Hypergraphs - old results
G k-uniform (k-graph): edges of size k dm(S) = number of edges containing S for |S| = m δm(G) = minS dm(S) δ(G) = δk−1(G) tight cycle = cyclic vertex ordering, all k consecutive vertices form an edge
Theorem (R¨
- dl, Ruci´
SLIDE 17 Hypergraphs - old results
G k-uniform (k-graph): edges of size k dm(S) = number of edges containing S for |S| = m δm(G) = minS dm(S) δ(G) = δk−1(G) tight cycle = cyclic vertex ordering, all k consecutive vertices form an edge
Theorem (R¨
- dl, Ruci´
- dl,
SLIDE 18 New results
SLIDE 19 New results
Theorem (J., K¨ uhn, 2020+)
δ∗
C(k)
ℓ
→ 1
2 for ℓ → ∞
SLIDE 20 New results
Theorem (J., K¨ uhn, 2020+)
δ∗
C(k)
ℓ
→ 1
2 for ℓ → ∞
Proof method: Restriction systems + random walks
SLIDE 21 Proof Sketch
1-
Simple
random walk
- n
- la
- n
- rdered
- ↳x
- f
SLIDE 22 New results II
SLIDE 23 New results II
Theorem (R¨
- dl, Ruci´
SLIDE 24 New results II
Theorem (R¨
- dl, Ruci´
SLIDE 25 New results II
Theorem (R¨
- dl, Ruci´
- G k-graph with δ(G) ≥ ( 1
SLIDE 26 New results II
Theorem (R¨
- dl, Ruci´
- G k-graph with δ(G) ≥ ( 1
- |d1(v)−d1(u)| ≤ ǫ′nk−1
SLIDE 27 New results II
Theorem (R¨
- dl, Ruci´
- G k-graph with δ(G) ≥ ( 1
- |d1(v)−d1(u)| ≤ ǫ′nk−1
SLIDE 28 New results II
Theorem (J., K¨ uhn, Sch¨ ulke, 2020+)
∀ǫ > 0,k ∈ N ∃ ǫ′ > 0 such that for all large n:
- G k-graph with δ(G) ≥ ( 1
- |d1(v)−d1(u)| ≤ ǫ′nk−1
SLIDE 29 New results II
Theorem (J., K¨ uhn, Sch¨ ulke, 2020+)
∀ǫ > 0,k ∈ N ∃ ǫ′ > 0 such that for all large n:
- G k-graph with δ(G) ≥ ( 1
- |d1(v)−d1(u)| ≤ ǫ′nk−1
SLIDE 30 New results II
Theorem (J., K¨ uhn, Sch¨ ulke, 2020+)
∀ǫ > 0,k ∈ N ∃ ǫ′ > 0 such that for all large n:
- G k-graph with δ(G) ≥ ( 1
- |d1(v)−d1(u)| ≤ ǫ′nk−1
SLIDE 31 Summary I
SLIDE 32 Summary I
- Fractional ℓ-cycle decompositions
SLIDE 33 Summary I
- Fractional ℓ-cycle decompositions
- approx. decompositions into Hamilton cycles
SLIDE 34 Summary I
- Fractional ℓ-cycle decompositions
- approx. decompositions into Hamilton cycles
SLIDE 35 Graph decompositions
Three conjectures: ◮ Ringel: K2n+1 into any tree with n edges ◮ Tree packing conj.: Kn into trees T1,...,Tn−1 with e(Ti) = i ◮ Oberwolfach problem: K2n+1 into any spanning union of cycles
SLIDE 36 Graph decompositions - progress
Approximate decompositions:
- ∆ = O(1), trees, almost spanning, Kn B¨
- ttcher, Hladk´
SLIDE 37 Graph decompositions - progress
Approximate decompositions:
- ∆ = O(1), trees, almost spanning, Kn B¨
- ttcher, Hladk´
- ∆ = O(1), separable, almost spanning, Kn Messuti, R¨
- dl, Schacht, 17
SLIDE 38 Graph decompositions - progress
Approximate decompositions:
- ∆ = O(1), trees, almost spanning, Kn B¨
- ttcher, Hladk´
- ∆ = O(1), separable, almost spanning, Kn Messuti, R¨
- dl, Schacht, 17
- ∆ = O(1), separable, spanning, Kn Ferber, Lee, Mousset, 16
SLIDE 39 Graph decompositions - progress
Approximate decompositions:
- ∆ = O(1), trees, almost spanning, Kn B¨
- ttcher, Hladk´
- ∆ = O(1), separable, almost spanning, Kn Messuti, R¨
- dl, Schacht, 17
- ∆ = O(1), separable, spanning, Kn Ferber, Lee, Mousset, 16
- ∆ = O(1), spanning, multipart., quasiran. Kim, K¨
SLIDE 40 Graph decompositions - progress
Approximate decompositions:
- ∆ = O(1), trees, almost spanning, Kn B¨
- ttcher, Hladk´
- ∆ = O(1), separable, almost spanning, Kn Messuti, R¨
- dl, Schacht, 17
- ∆ = O(1), separable, spanning, Kn Ferber, Lee, Mousset, 16
- ∆ = O(1), spanning, multipart., quasiran. Kim, K¨
- ∆ ≤ polypn, trees, spanning, Gn,p Ferber, Samotij, 18+
SLIDE 41 Graph decompositions - progress
Approximate decompositions:
- ∆ = O(1), trees, almost spanning, Kn B¨
- ttcher, Hladk´
- ∆ = O(1), separable, almost spanning, Kn Messuti, R¨
- dl, Schacht, 17
- ∆ = O(1), separable, spanning, Kn Ferber, Lee, Mousset, 16
- ∆ = O(1), spanning, multipart., quasiran. Kim, K¨
- ∆ ≤ polypn, trees, spanning, Gn,p Ferber, Samotij, 18+
- ∆ ≤ n/logn, bo. dege., spanning, quasiran. Allen, B¨
- ttcher, Hladk´
SLIDE 42 Graph decompositions - progress
Approximate decompositions:
- ∆ = O(1), trees, almost spanning, Kn B¨
- ttcher, Hladk´
- ∆ = O(1), separable, almost spanning, Kn Messuti, R¨
- dl, Schacht, 17
- ∆ = O(1), separable, spanning, Kn Ferber, Lee, Mousset, 16
- ∆ = O(1), spanning, multipart., quasiran. Kim, K¨
- ∆ ≤ polypn, trees, spanning, Gn,p Ferber, Samotij, 18+
- ∆ ≤ n/logn, bo. dege., spanning, quasiran. Allen, B¨
- ttcher, Hladk´
- ∆ = O(1), trees, (almost) spanning, quasiran. J., Kim, K¨
SLIDE 43 Graph decompositions - progress
Approximate decompositions:
- ∆ = O(1), trees, almost spanning, Kn B¨
- ttcher, Hladk´
- ∆ = O(1), separable, almost spanning, Kn Messuti, R¨
- dl, Schacht, 17
- ∆ = O(1), separable, spanning, Kn Ferber, Lee, Mousset, 16
- ∆ = O(1), spanning, multipart., quasiran. Kim, K¨
- ∆ ≤ polypn, trees, spanning, Gn,p Ferber, Samotij, 18+
- ∆ ≤ n/logn, bo. dege., spanning, quasiran. Allen, B¨
- ttcher, Hladk´
- ∆ = O(1), trees, (almost) spanning, quasiran. J., Kim, K¨
- Oberwolfach problem Glock, J., Kim, K¨
SLIDE 44 Graph decompositions - progress
Approximate decompositions:
- ∆ = O(1), trees, almost spanning, Kn B¨
- ttcher, Hladk´
- ∆ = O(1), separable, almost spanning, Kn Messuti, R¨
- dl, Schacht, 17
- ∆ = O(1), separable, spanning, Kn Ferber, Lee, Mousset, 16
- ∆ = O(1), spanning, multipart., quasiran. Kim, K¨
- ∆ ≤ polypn, trees, spanning, Gn,p Ferber, Samotij, 18+
- ∆ ≤ n/logn, bo. dege., spanning, quasiran. Allen, B¨
- ttcher, Hladk´
- ∆ = O(1), trees, (almost) spanning, quasiran. J., Kim, K¨
- Oberwolfach problem Glock, J., Kim, K¨
- as ABHP + many leaves Allen, B¨
- ttcher, Clemens, Taraz, 19+
SLIDE 45 Graph decompositions - progress
Approximate decompositions:
- ∆ = O(1), trees, almost spanning, Kn B¨
- ttcher, Hladk´
- ∆ = O(1), separable, almost spanning, Kn Messuti, R¨
- dl, Schacht, 17
- ∆ = O(1), separable, spanning, Kn Ferber, Lee, Mousset, 16
- ∆ = O(1), spanning, multipart., quasiran. Kim, K¨
- ∆ ≤ polypn, trees, spanning, Gn,p Ferber, Samotij, 18+
- ∆ ≤ n/logn, bo. dege., spanning, quasiran. Allen, B¨
- ttcher, Hladk´
- ∆ = O(1), trees, (almost) spanning, quasiran. J., Kim, K¨
- Oberwolfach problem Glock, J., Kim, K¨
- as ABHP + many leaves Allen, B¨
- ttcher, Clemens, Taraz, 19+
- Ringel’s conjecture Pokrovskiy, Montgomery, Sudakov, 20+
SLIDE 46 Graph decompositions - progress
Approximate decompositions:
- ∆ = O(1), trees, almost spanning, Kn B¨
- ttcher, Hladk´
- ∆ = O(1), separable, almost spanning, Kn Messuti, R¨
- dl, Schacht, 17
- ∆ = O(1), separable, spanning, Kn Ferber, Lee, Mousset, 16
- ∆ = O(1), spanning, multipart., quasiran. Kim, K¨
- ∆ ≤ polypn, trees, spanning, Gn,p Ferber, Samotij, 18+
- ∆ ≤ n/logn, bo. dege., spanning, quasiran. Allen, B¨
- ttcher, Hladk´
- ∆ = O(1), trees, (almost) spanning, quasiran. J., Kim, K¨
- Oberwolfach problem Glock, J., Kim, K¨
- as ABHP + many leaves Allen, B¨
- ttcher, Clemens, Taraz, 19+
- Ringel’s conjecture Pokrovskiy, Montgomery, Sudakov, 20+
- 2-factors, quasiran. Keevash, Staden, 20+
SLIDE 47 Graph decompositions - progress
Approximate decompositions:
- ∆ = O(1), trees, almost spanning, Kn B¨
- ttcher, Hladk´
- ∆ = O(1), separable, almost spanning, Kn Messuti, R¨
- dl, Schacht, 17
- ∆ = O(1), separable, spanning, Kn Ferber, Lee, Mousset, 16
- ∆ = O(1), spanning, multipart., quasiran. Kim, K¨
- ∆ ≤ polypn, trees, spanning, Gn,p Ferber, Samotij, 18+
- ∆ ≤ n/logn, bo. dege., spanning, quasiran. Allen, B¨
- ttcher, Hladk´
- ∆ = O(1), trees, (almost) spanning, quasiran. J., Kim, K¨
- Oberwolfach problem Glock, J., Kim, K¨
- as ABHP + many leaves Allen, B¨
- ttcher, Clemens, Taraz, 19+
- Ringel’s conjecture Pokrovskiy, Montgomery, Sudakov, 20+
- 2-factors, quasiran. Keevash, Staden, 20+
- Ringel’s conjecture, quasiran. Keevash, Staden, 20+
SLIDE 48 Hypergraph decompositions - progress
SLIDE 49 Hypergraph decompositions - progress
Existence conjecture: Keevash, 14+
SLIDE 50 Hypergraph decompositions - progress
Existence conjecture: Keevash, 14+ Alternative proof + extensions: Glock, K¨ uhn, Lo, Osthus, 17+
SLIDE 51 Hypergraph decompositions - progress
Existence conjecture: Keevash, 14+ Alternative proof + extensions: Glock, K¨ uhn, Lo, Osthus, 17+ Multipartite setting: Keevash, 18+
SLIDE 52 Hypergraph decompositions - progress
Existence conjecture: Keevash, 14+ Alternative proof + extensions: Glock, K¨ uhn, Lo, Osthus, 17+ Multipartite setting: Keevash, 18+ Quasirandom hypergraphs: ǫ > 0, t ∈ N, d ∈ (0,1] and suppose G has n vertices. G is (ǫ,t,d)-typical if
- S∈S
- = (1±ǫ)d|S|n
SLIDE 53 New results III
Theorem (Ehard, J., 2020+)
∀k,α,d0 > 0 ∃ n0,t ∈ N,ε > 0:
SLIDE 54 New results III
Theorem (Ehard, J., 2020+)
∀k,α,d0 > 0 ∃ n0,t ∈ N,ε > 0: G k-graph, n ≥ n0 vertices, (ε,t,d)-typical with d ≥ d0
SLIDE 55 New results III
Theorem (Ehard, J., 2020+)
∀k,α,d0 > 0 ∃ n0,t ∈ N,ε > 0: G k-graph, n ≥ n0 vertices, (ε,t,d)-typical with d ≥ d0 H1,...,Hℓ k-graphs, n vertices each, ∆1(Hi) ≤ α−1 and
i∈[ℓ] e(Hi) ≤ (1−α)e(G).
SLIDE 56 New results III
Theorem (Ehard, J., 2020+)
∀k,α,d0 > 0 ∃ n0,t ∈ N,ε > 0: G k-graph, n ≥ n0 vertices, (ε,t,d)-typical with d ≥ d0 H1,...,Hℓ k-graphs, n vertices each, ∆1(Hi) ≤ α−1 and
i∈[ℓ] e(Hi) ≤ (1−α)e(G).
Then G contains H1,...,Hℓ as edge-disjoint subgraphs.
SLIDE 57 Multipartite hypergraphs
(foränrdiäty)
X
4) < ä
"
±
. KR):{ I. - er} ¢ A)Rki '|
Ht : Nil- Hehn
viykt.cl/-typical.r..iosn
a .!üÄ EKHN" @@
SLIDE 58 New results IV
Theorem (Ehard, J., 2020+)
- Approx. decomp. of quasirandom multipartite k-graphs
SLIDE 59 New results IV
Theorem (Ehard, J., 2020+)
- Approx. decomp. of quasirandom multipartite k-graphs
SLIDE 60 New results IV
Theorem (Ehard, J., 2020+)
- Approx. decomp. of quasirandom multipartite k-graphs
SLIDE 61 New results IV
Theorem (Ehard, J., 2020+)
- Approx. decomp. of quasirandom multipartite k-graphs
SLIDE 62 Quasirandom properties I
H
,
Hz 43
④ ④ ⑦
tot .i
' SLIDE 63 Quasirandom properties II
H ,
Hz
" t.fevcHP-sio.is
to
£ Constndro such that ÷ :*::*:"
SLIDE 64 Proof ideas
Multipartite setting implies the other setting
SLIDE 65 Proof ideas
Multipartite setting implies the other setting
- 1. Proceed cluster by cluster:
SLIDE 66 Proof ideas
Multipartite setting implies the other setting
- 1. Proceed cluster by cluster:
- 2. Complete the embedding using an extra edge slice
SLIDE 67 Proof ideas II
H1 X H1
1
X H1
2
X H1
3
G V1 V2 V3 H2 X H2
1
X H2
2
X H2
3
g
SLIDE 68 Proof ideas III
iö
pachings - matchings SLIDE 69 Summary II
- Approx. decompositions of quasirandom k-graphs
SLIDE 70 Applications
Consider a hypergraph as a simplicial complex: Hamilton cycle in a k-graph = spanning Sk−1
SLIDE 71 Applications
Consider a hypergraph as a simplicial complex: Hamilton cycle in a k-graph = spanning Sk−1 Georgakopoulos, Haslegrave, Narayanan, Montgomery, 18+: 3-graph G with δ(G) ≥ ( 1
3 +o(1))n, then G contains a spanning S2
SLIDE 72 Applications
Consider a hypergraph as a simplicial complex: Hamilton cycle in a k-graph = spanning Sk−1 Georgakopoulos, Haslegrave, Narayanan, Montgomery, 18+: 3-graph G with δ(G) ≥ ( 1
3 +o(1))n, then G contains a spanning S2
Ehard, J. 20+: Typical 3-graphs can be approx. decomposed into spanning S2
SLIDE 73 Applications
Consider a hypergraph as a simplicial complex: Hamilton cycle in a k-graph = spanning Sk−1 Georgakopoulos, Haslegrave, Narayanan, Montgomery, 18+: 3-graph G with δ(G) ≥ ( 1
3 +o(1))n, then G contains a spanning S2
Ehard, J. 20+: Typical k-graphs can be approx. decomposed into spanning Sk−1