Daltons Atomic Theory 1. All matter consists of tiny particles. 2. - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Daltons Atomic Theory 1. All matter consists of tiny particles. 2. - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Jun 17, 2023 123 likes •200 views

Daltons Atomic Theory 1. All matter consists of tiny particles. 2. Atoms are indestructible and unchangeable. 3. Elements are characterized by the mass of their atoms. 4. When elements react, their atoms combine in simple, whole-number

slide-1
SLIDE 1

Dalton’s Atomic Theory

  • 1. All matter consists of tiny

particles.

  • 2. Atoms are indestructible

and unchangeable.

  • 3. Elements are characterized

by the mass of their atoms.

  • 4. When elements react, their

atoms combine in simple, whole-number ratios.

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SLIDE 2

Trajectory of Brownian Motion

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SLIDE 3

Specific Heats of Gases

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Molecule CV (J/K-mole)

He Ar Ne Kr H2 N2 O2 CO Cl2 H2O SO2 CO2 CH4

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SLIDE 4

Specific Heats of Gases

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Molecule CV (J/K-mole)

He Ar Ne Kr H2 N2 O2 CO Cl2 H2O SO2 CO2 CH4

3 2R 5 2R 7 2R

slide-5
SLIDE 5

Specific Heats of Gases

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SLIDE 6

Extrapolating to Absolute Zero

300 250 200 150 100 50 Absolute Zero centigrade

  • 2

4 6 8 Trials

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SLIDE 7

Fitting the Data

0.27 0.28 0.29 0.3 0.31 0.32 Slope 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Estimated Variance

In the plot above the value of the y-intercept is kept at its best fit value and the slope is varied. The estimated variance is the following.

σ2 = N

i=1(yi − (mxi + b))2

N − d.o.f

(1) where N is the number of data points and d.o.f is the number of degrees

  • f freedom (i.e. free parameters) in the fit.