CS101 Lecture 02: Brief History of Computing "There is no - - PDF document

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CS101 Lecture 02: Brief History of Computing "There is no - - PDF document

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9/6/12 CS101 Lecture 02: Brief History of Computing "There is no reason anyone would want a computer in their home." -- Ken Olson, founder and CEO of Digital Equipment Corp., 1977 Aaron Stevens (azs@bu.edu) 6 September 2012 Computer

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Computer Science

CS101 Lecture 02: Brief History of Computing

Aaron Stevens (azs@bu.edu)

6 September 2012

"There is no reason anyone would want a computer in their home."

  • - Ken Olson, founder and CEO of Digital Equipment Corp., 1977

Computer Science

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What You Will Learn Today

  • Why should you care about the history of

computing?

  • How can computers learn new tricks?
  • Who are the main actors in the history of

personal computing?

  • Why have computers become so much

better, faster, and cheaper over time?

  • AND: answers to some dumb questions
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Why should we care?

“Predictions are that by 2013 a supercomputer will be built that exceeds the computation capability of the human brain.”

Did You Know Globalization and The Information Age -- Created by Karl Fisch, and modified by Scott McLeod

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ljbI-363A2Q

Is this for real?

Computer Science

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Why should we care?

“Predictions are that by 2049 a $1000 computer will exceed the computational capabilities of the human race.”

Did You Know Globalization and The Information Age -- Created by Karl Fisch, and modified by Scott McLeod

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ljbI-363A2Q

Is this for real?

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Computer Science Computer Science

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Early History of Computing

Abacus (2400 BC) Ancient device to record numeric values Above: a reconstructed Roman abacus

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Early History of Computing

Blaise Pascal (1623-1662) Mechanical device to add, subtract, divide & multiply

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Early History of Computing

Joseph Jacquard (1801) Jacquard’s Loom, the punched card http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ypE4ZJF7qY

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What tricks does your computer do?

– Web browsing, email, instant messenger – Play games – Watch movies, organize photos – Word processing, spreadsheets, database

Programmability is the ability to give a general- purpose computer instructions so that it can perform new tasks.

Programmability

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Difference Engine

Charles Babages’ mechanical calculating machine, designed in 1820s.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KBuJqUfO4

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Early Digital Computers

Harvard Mark I (1944)

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Harvard Mark I

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Early Digital Computers

Harvard Mark I (1944) First fully automatic digital computer to be completed

  • 51 feet wide, 8 feet high, 2 feet deep
  • Built out of switches, relays, and rotating

mechanical shafts/clutches

  • Storage for 72 numbers, each 23 decimal digits in

length

  • Read instructions from paper tape, one at a time

Computer Science

First Computer Bug

Log of first computer bug, discovered by Grace Hopper, 1945

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Computer Science

That 70’s Show…

Microsoft, 1978

Computer Science

Video: Triumph of the Nerds

PBS Series hosted by Bob Cringely http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-2539790754467363791 00:00 - intro // 03:00 09:24 - Cringely explains digital computing, program, 10:00 - data, instructions in binary, flipping switches, etc. Grace Hopper, programming COBOL, mainframe computers, punch cards, Wozniak, Jobs on programming, 12:58 - microprocessor (vacuum tubes, transistors, chips), Intel 15:30 - Altair 8800 19:20 - Homebrew computer club 20:30 - Mellon/Garland @ computer club, binary addition by flipping switches 22:30 - programming language/basic interpreter, Paul Allen, Bill Gates // 27:00

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Video: Triumph of the Nerds

PBS Series hosted by Bob Cringely http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-2539790754467363791 27:00 - Microsoft in Albuquerque, basic for the Altair 29:12 - Steve Jobs, Jim Warren, sixties counter culture 31:30 - Apple Computer, Apple I, II // 35:00 35:00 - venture capital for apple, apple II, manufacture 37:10 - computer fair 39:55 - Intro VisiCalc on an Apple II 44:38 - wall street use of PC 46:15 - wrap up characters 48:50 - closing remarks

Computer Science

Moore’s Law

Computing hardware will keep getting better, faster, cheaper for the rest of our lives.

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It’s about the software

– Hardware performs only a limited set of fundamental instructions (“tricks”). – Software harnesses this set of instructions. – Computers do not think, and are not creative.

Cheaper, Faster, Better

Computing hardware will keep getting better, faster, cheaper for the rest of our lives.

Computer Science

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What You Learned Today

  • Be afraid of Scary Stories
  • Mechanical Computers
  • Programmability
  • Digital Computers
  • Moore’s Law

Computer Science

Announcements & To Do List

  • Readings this week:
  • Reed ch 4, pp 64-79 (today)
  • Reed ch 5, pp 83-87
  • http://www.computerhistory.org/timeline/
  • HW01 will be posted Friday by 2pm, due

Tuesday @ midnight

  • Future homeworks will be usually be posted on

Wednesdays and due on Mondays.

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Early Personal Computers

Computer Ads:

http://blogs.pcworld. com/techlog/archives/002950.html

  • Atari 400 (1980)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5sr28fygmOQ

  • Commodore VIC-20 (1981)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gVX5cyMOGAk

  • Compaq portable computer

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YTMdXZ_QwTo

Computer Science

Additional Pictures

  • Covered in videos (mostly)
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Vacuum Tube

Stored a single element of memory (on or

  • ff)

First Generation Hardware (1951-1959)

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Magnetic Drum

Memory device that rotated under a read/write head

First Generation Hardware (1951-1959)

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Punch Card

First Generation Hardware (1951-1959)

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Magnetic Tape Drives

Auxiliary storage devices.

First Generation Hardware (1951-1959)

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Transistor

Replaced vacuum tube, fast, small, durable, cheap

Second Generation Hardware (1959-1965)

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Circuit Boards

Transistors were soldered together

Second Generation Hardware (1959-1965)

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Magnetic Disks

Second Generation Hardware (1959-1965)

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Integrated Circuits

Replaced circuit boards; transistor on a silicon wafer chip – smaller, cheaper, faster, more reliable

Third Generation Hardware (1965-1971)

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Terminal

An input/output device with a keyboard and screen

Third Generation Hardware (1965-1971)

The Digital Equipment Corporation VT05, introduced 1970

Computer Science

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Large-scale Integration

Thousands of transistors on a single chip

Die of an Intel 80486DX2 microprocessor (actual size: 12×6.75 mm) in its packaging. Released in 1992, it has 1.2 million (1.2 X 106) transistors.

Fourth Generation Hardware (1971-?)

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PCs, the Commercial Market, Workstations

Personal Computers and Workstations emerge New companies emerge: Apple, Sun, Dell …

Laptops, Cellphones, PalmPilot, iPod, etc.

Everyone has his/her own portable computer - or several

  • f them.

Internetworking

Virtually all computing devices connected to the Internet. High-speed and wireless connections are common.

Fifth Generation Hardware (1990-?)