CS 730/830: Intro AI What is AI? This class Problems in AI Prof. - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Aug 16, 2022 125 likes •484 views

CS 730/830: Intro AI What is AI? This class Problems in AI Prof. Wheeler Ruml Search TA Tianyi Gu Thinking inside the box. 5 handouts: course info, project info, schedule, slides, asst 1 sign up sheet/laptop (grading email, piazza)

SLIDE 1

CS 730/830: Intro AI

What is AI? This class Problems in AI Search

Wheeler Ruml (UNH) Lecture 1, CS 730 – 1 / 23

Prof. Wheeler Ruml

TA Tianyi Gu “Thinking inside the box.” 5 handouts: course info, project info, schedule, slides, asst 1 sign up sheet/laptop (grading email, piazza)

SLIDE 2

What is AI?

What is AI? ■ My Definition ■ Robots ■ Intelligence ■ The Goal ■ Relations ■ AI Today ■ Robots Today This class Problems in AI Search

Wheeler Ruml (UNH) Lecture 1, CS 730 – 2 / 23

SLIDE 3

My Definition of AI

What is AI? ■ My Definition ■ Robots ■ Intelligence ■ The Goal ■ Relations ■ AI Today ■ Robots Today This class Problems in AI Search

Wheeler Ruml (UNH) Lecture 1, CS 730 – 3 / 23

SLIDE 4

What is a Robot?

What is AI? ■ My Definition ■ Robots ■ Intelligence ■ The Goal ■ Relations ■ AI Today ■ Robots Today This class Problems in AI Search

Wheeler Ruml (UNH) Lecture 1, CS 730 – 4 / 23

Artificial physical system that takes adaptive action.

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remote-controlled car

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power tool

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robotic surgery

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motion sensor

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thermostat

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anti-lock brakes

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automated delivery

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autopilot

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self-driving car

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Ava, Data. . .

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What is Intelligence?

What is AI? ■ My Definition ■ Robots ■ Intelligence ■ The Goal ■ Relations ■ AI Today ■ Robots Today This class Problems in AI Search

Wheeler Ruml (UNH) Lecture 1, CS 730 – 5 / 23

What behaviors require intelligence? What makes an agent intelligent?

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Different Goals in AI

What is AI? ■ My Definition ■ Robots ■ Intelligence ■ The Goal ■ Relations ■ AI Today ■ Robots Today This class Problems in AI Search

Wheeler Ruml (UNH) Lecture 1, CS 730 – 6 / 23

How to understand Intelligence? Cognitive modeling: behaves like a human Engineering: achieve human performance Rational: behaves perfectly, normative Bounded-rational: behaves as well as possible Subfields: knowledge representation and reasoning, computer problem-solving, planning, machine learning, natural language processing, (autonomous) robotics, intelligent agents, multi-agent systems, distributed AI, intelligent user interfaces, machine vision Other terms: computational intelligence Related: adaptive behavior, complex adaptive systems, artificial life, cognitive modeling

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Relations

What is AI? ■ My Definition ■ Robots ■ Intelligence ■ The Goal ■ Relations ■ AI Today ■ Robots Today This class Problems in AI Search

Wheeler Ruml (UNH) Lecture 1, CS 730 – 7 / 23

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CS: algorithms

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Engineering: applications

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Cognitive psychology: modeling

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Philosophy: mind, rationality

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Math: logic, statistics

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Linguistics: language processing

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Operations research: optimization

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Economics: agents, incentives

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AI Today

What is AI? ■ My Definition ■ Robots ■ Intelligence ■ The Goal ■ Relations ■ AI Today ■ Robots Today This class Problems in AI Search

Wheeler Ruml (UNH) Lecture 1, CS 730 – 8 / 23

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Game playing: chess, checkers, backgammon, Jeopardy!, crosswords, go

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Design: VLSI, jet engines

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Diagnosis: POS, NASD, loans, customer service, medical testing and classification, DS1

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Planning: airports, flight routes, Dell, DART

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Learning: Amazon, Netflix, Walmart, Facebook

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Robotics: ping-pong, beer fetch, driving, flying

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Language: voice recognition, translation

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Vision: scene descriptions, face recognition

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Hidden: logistics, data center control, distribution centers

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Robots Today: Beautiful Hardware

What is AI? ■ My Definition ■ Robots ■ Intelligence ■ The Goal ■ Relations ■ AI Today ■ Robots Today This class Problems in AI Search

Wheeler Ruml (UNH) Lecture 1, CS 730 – 9 / 23

Honda Asimo: virtually no autonomy.

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Robots Today: Beautiful Hardware

What is AI? ■ My Definition ■ Robots ■ Intelligence ■ The Goal ■ Relations ■ AI Today ■ Robots Today This class Problems in AI Search

Wheeler Ruml (UNH) Lecture 1, CS 730 – 9 / 23

NASA Mars Science Lab: some navigation autonomy.

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Robots Today: Beautiful Hardware

What is AI? ■ My Definition ■ Robots ■ Intelligence ■ The Goal ■ Relations ■ AI Today ■ Robots Today This class Problems in AI Search

Wheeler Ruml (UNH) Lecture 1, CS 730 – 9 / 23

NASA Deep Space 1: temporarily self-commanded.

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Robots Today: Beautiful Hardware

What is AI? ■ My Definition ■ Robots ■ Intelligence ■ The Goal ■ Relations ■ AI Today ■ Robots Today This class Problems in AI Search

Wheeler Ruml (UNH) Lecture 1, CS 730 – 9 / 23

AUVs: dynamic environment, poor communication.

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Robots Today: Beautiful Hardware

What is AI? ■ My Definition ■ Robots ■ Intelligence ■ The Goal ■ Relations ■ AI Today ■ Robots Today This class Problems in AI Search

Wheeler Ruml (UNH) Lecture 1, CS 730 – 9 / 23

Boston Dynamics LS3: follow me.

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Robots Today: Beautiful Hardware

What is AI? ■ My Definition ■ Robots ■ Intelligence ■ The Goal ■ Relations ■ AI Today ■ Robots Today This class Problems in AI Search

Wheeler Ruml (UNH) Lecture 1, CS 730 – 9 / 23

Kiva Systems: bring inventory to pickers.

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Robots Today: Beautiful Hardware

What is AI? ■ My Definition ■ Robots ■ Intelligence ■ The Goal ■ Relations ■ AI Today ■ Robots Today This class Problems in AI Search

Wheeler Ruml (UNH) Lecture 1, CS 730 – 9 / 23

KAIST Hubo: winner of the 2015 DRC.

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Robots Today: Beautiful Hardware

What is AI? ■ My Definition ■ Robots ■ Intelligence ■ The Goal ■ Relations ■ AI Today ■ Robots Today This class Problems in AI Search

Wheeler Ruml (UNH) Lecture 1, CS 730 – 9 / 23

Willow Garage PR2: 22 degrees of freedom.

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Robots Today: Beautiful Hardware

What is AI? ■ My Definition ■ Robots ■ Intelligence ■ The Goal ■ Relations ■ AI Today ■ Robots Today This class Problems in AI Search

Wheeler Ruml (UNH) Lecture 1, CS 730 – 9 / 23

Yamaha RMax at Link¨

ping University: autonomous.

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Robots Today: Beautiful Hardware

What is AI? ■ My Definition ■ Robots ■ Intelligence ■ The Goal ■ Relations ■ AI Today ■ Robots Today This class Problems in AI Search

Wheeler Ruml (UNH) Lecture 1, CS 730 – 9 / 23

Google Self-Driving Car: over 1.8M miles, 13 minor accidents.

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This class

What is AI? This class ■ The AI View ■ An AI Agent ■ Schedule ■ Course Mechanics Problems in AI Search

Wheeler Ruml (UNH) Lecture 1, CS 730 – 10 / 23

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The AI View of An Agent

What is AI? This class ■ The AI View ■ An AI Agent ■ Schedule ■ Course Mechanics Problems in AI Search

Wheeler Ruml (UNH) Lecture 1, CS 730 – 11 / 23

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The AI View of An Agent

What is AI? This class ■ The AI View ■ An AI Agent ■ Schedule ■ Course Mechanics Problems in AI Search

Wheeler Ruml (UNH) Lecture 1, CS 730 – 11 / 23

percepts → → actions

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An AI Agent

What is AI? This class ■ The AI View ■ An AI Agent ■ Schedule ■ Course Mechanics Problems in AI Search

Wheeler Ruml (UNH) Lecture 1, CS 730 – 12 / 23

agent world actions sensing

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An AI Agent

What is AI? This class ■ The AI View ■ An AI Agent ■ Schedule ■ Course Mechanics Problems in AI Search

Wheeler Ruml (UNH) Lecture 1, CS 730 – 12 / 23

world model planner agent world actions sensing

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An AI Agent

What is AI? This class ■ The AI View ■ An AI Agent ■ Schedule ■ Course Mechanics Problems in AI Search

Wheeler Ruml (UNH) Lecture 1, CS 730 – 12 / 23

world model planner search agent world actions sensing

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Schedule

What is AI? This class ■ The AI View ■ An AI Agent ■ Schedule ■ Course Mechanics Problems in AI Search

Wheeler Ruml (UNH) Lecture 1, CS 730 – 13 / 23

1. planning: vacuum tasks, hovercraft motion, puzzle state-space search constraint satisfaction combinatorial optimization 2. KR: theorem provers propositional logic first-order logic 3. more planning: general planner, probabilistic planner domain-independent planning Markov decision processes 4. perception: digits, shapes, localization supervised and unsupervised learning hidden Markov models See also: Intro to mobile Robotics, Intro to Machine Learning Not: NLP, cognitive modeling, philosophy

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Course Mechanics

What is AI? This class ■ The AI View ■ An AI Agent ■ Schedule ■ Course Mechanics Problems in AI Search

Wheeler Ruml (UNH) Lecture 1, CS 730 – 14 / 23

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General information

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Schedule

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Project

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Asst 1

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Names

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Problems in AI

What is AI? This class Problems in AI ■ Agent Designs ■ Examples ■ Environments Search

Wheeler Ruml (UNH) Lecture 1, CS 730 – 15 / 23

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Agent Designs

What is AI? This class Problems in AI ■ Agent Designs ■ Examples ■ Environments Search

Wheeler Ruml (UNH) Lecture 1, CS 730 – 16 / 23

Agent ⇔ Environment Perception: vision, state estimation Planning: low/high-level, on/off-line, incremental/repair Acting: dispatching, monitoring, diagnosis Reflex: sensors → effectors Reflex with state: sensors + state → effectors + new state Goal-based: reason from goals to means Utility-based: use quantitative measure of happiness

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What kind of agent?

What is AI? This class Problems in AI ■ Agent Designs ■ Examples ■ Environments Search

Wheeler Ruml (UNH) Lecture 1, CS 730 – 17 / 23

1. Thermostat 2. autonomous armed drone 3. Mail delivery robot 4. Medical diagnosis system

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Environments

What is AI? This class Problems in AI ■ Agent Designs ■ Examples ■ Environments Search

Wheeler Ruml (UNH) Lecture 1, CS 730 – 18 / 23

Observability: complete, partial, hidden Predictability: deterministic, strategic, stochastic Interaction:

ne-shot, sequential

Time: static, dynamic State: discrete, continuous (also time, percepts, and actions) Agents: single, multiagent (competitive, cooperative)

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State-Space Search

What is AI? This class Problems in AI Search ■ Contents ■ Cognitive Science ■ A Search Space ■ EOCQs

Wheeler Ruml (UNH) Lecture 1, CS 730 – 19 / 23

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What is AI? This class Problems in AI Search ■ Contents ■ Cognitive Science ■ A Search Space ■ EOCQs

Wheeler Ruml (UNH) Lecture 1, CS 730 – 20 / 23

This particular pattern of molecules known as a ’human being’ has evolved an amazing depth of consciousness: an ability to internally model the reality beyond the senses, to imagine futures that have never happened, to use language, to use rationality to build and test theories about our universe, to become self-aware. —Jeff Lieberman (artist, roboticist)

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Cognitive Science

What is AI? This class Problems in AI Search ■ Contents ■ Cognitive Science ■ A Search Space ■ EOCQs

Wheeler Ruml (UNH) Lecture 1, CS 730 – 21 / 23

The ability to think is perhaps the most distinctive of human

capacities. Typically, thinking involves mentally representing

some aspects of the world (including aspects of ourselves) and manipulating these representations or beliefs so as to yield new beliefs, where the latter may aid in accomplishing a goal. —Edward E. Smith (Psychology, U Michigan) The ability to solve problems is one of the most important manifestations of human thinking. ... We might therefore suspect that problem solving depends on general cognitive abilities that can potentially be applied to an essentially unlimited range of domains. —Keith Holyoak (Psychology, UCLA)

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A Search Space

What is AI? This class Problems in AI Search ■ Contents ■ Cognitive Science ■ A Search Space ■ EOCQs

Wheeler Ruml (UNH) Lecture 1, CS 730 – 22 / 23

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EOCQs

What is AI? This class Problems in AI Search ■ Contents ■ Cognitive Science ■ A Search Space ■ EOCQs

Wheeler Ruml (UNH) Lecture 1, CS 730 – 23 / 23

Please write down the most pressing question you have about anything related to the course (no need to include your name) and put it in the box on your way out. Thanks!