CROM An Introduction Juan Carlos Mora Radiation Protection for the - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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CROM An Introduction Juan Carlos Mora Radiation Protection for the - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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CROM An Introduction Juan Carlos Mora Radiation Protection for the Public and the Environment CIEMAT Vienna january 27th 2011 Environmental impact assessment Transfer to plants MODEL(S) and animals Release Concentration in foodstuffs

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CROM An Introduction

Juan Carlos Mora Radiation Protection for the Public and the Environment CIEMAT Vienna january 27th 2011

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Environmental impact assessment

Dispersion and/or dilution processes Concentration in foodstuffs Concentrations in water, air and surfaces Transfer to plants and animals

Release Dose

MODEL(S) MODEL(S) MODEL(S) Dose estimation

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Safety Report Series No 19 Generic methods for use in assessing the impact of discharges

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Screening approach - Iterative approach

  • Step by step process - model complexity increases

as predicted doses increase

  • 1st step

= ‘no dilution model’

  • 2nd step

= ‘generic environmental model

  • 3rd step

= ‘modified generic assessment’

  • 4th step

= ‘site specific assessment’

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CROM

  • v. 6

DETERMINISTIC

  • v. 7

PROBABILISTIC FREE CROM

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  • Deterministic

CROM is being maintained, focusing mainly on the English version

  • Probabilistic CROM under development (launch

in 2011?)

  • Free CROM community developed

CROM

DEVELOPMENT

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Center for Research of Energy, Environment and Technology (CIEMAT): UPRPYMA Polytechnic University of Madrid:

  • LAB. INFORMATICS ETSII

CROM

DEVELOPED BY

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CROM

Models based in IAEA SRS-19 with “improvements” based in RP-72 (EUR-15760). 2001 IAEA - SRS 19 - "Generic Models for Use in Assessing the Impact of Discharges o f Radioactive Substances to the Environment". 1995 UE - RP 72 – “Methodology for assessing the radiological consequences of routine releases of radionuclides to the environment”.

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CROM 6

QUALITY CONTROL TRANSFERED TO THE IAEA IN 2008 FOR ITS FREE DISTRIBUTION The software was quality controled by CIEMAT and RPD-HPA, formerly NRPB, (document RPD- EA-11-2005) for its adoption by the IAEA as the reference code for those models. Other people acting as testers of CROM in different situations (EMRAS II)

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CROM

Conceptual model

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CROM

Conceptual model

Instalación Atmósfera Suelo Medio Acuático Sedimentos Agua Alimentos Acuáticos Cultivos humanos Cultivos Animales Productos Animales Dosis total al individuo crítico Dosis Int. Inhalación Dosis Ext.

  • Inm. Nube

Dosis Ext.

  • Dep. Suelo

Dosis Int. Ingestión Dosis Ext.

  • Sed. Orilla

Dosis Ext

  • Inm. Baño

Dosis Ext.

  • Sed. Fondo

Dosis Ext.

  • Sed. Susp.

Efluente Gaseoso Efluente Líquido No Diluci ón No Diluci ón Inhalación Depósito seco y húmedo Irradiación Externa Irradiación Externa Depósito seco y húmedo Ingestión Ing. Ingestión Ingesti ón Bioacumulación Riego

  • F. conc

Irradiación Externa Irradiación Externa Irradiación Externa Irradiación Externa Sediment No sedimentación Absorción Radicular Instalación Atmósfera Suelo Medio Acuático Sedimentos Agua Alimentos Acuáticos Cultivos humanos Cultivos Animales Productos Animales Dosis total al individuo crítico Dosis Int. Inhalación Dosis Ext.

  • Inm. Nube

Dosis Ext.

  • Dep. Suelo

Dosis Int. Ingestión Dosis Ext.

  • Sed. Orilla

Dosis Ext

  • Inm. Baño

Dosis Ext.

  • Sed. Fondo

Dosis Ext.

  • Sed. Susp.

Efluente Gaseoso Efluente Líquido No Diluci ón No Diluci ón Inhalación Depósito seco y húmedo Irradiación Externa Irradiación Externa Depósito seco y húmedo Ingestión Ing. Ingestión Ingesti ón Bioacumulación Riego

  • F. conc

Irradiación Externa Irradiación Externa Irradiación Externa Irradiación Externa Sediment No sedimentación Absorción Radicular

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CROM

Models implemented Atmosphere discharges Building affected models Roughness affected wind profiles Aquatic discharges River / Sewers Small lakes Sea / Great lakes Estuaries Sedimentation Transfer to biota H3 & C14

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CROM

Features of CROM code: Continuous (routine/controlled) releases Default Pasquill stability category D Groundwater not considered Effective height not calculated Irrigation considered Sedimentation in surface waters Bath considered Crustacean considered A lot of not default values can be used

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CROM

Features of CROM code: Effective dose and concentration calc. 8 SRS 19 examples in the default DB Growth of daughter considered (transport and deposition) Today 151 radioisotopes in the default DB New radionuclides easily implementable External DCFs based in FGR 12 Internal DCFs from IAEA’s BSS

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CROM

Problems that can be solved

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CROM

Problems that can be solved

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CROM

Problems that can be solved

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CROM

Problems that can be solved

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CROM

Problems that can be solved

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CROM

EXTERNAL EXPOSURE PATHWAYS

  • IMMERSION IN THE GASEOUS PLUME
  • DEPOSITION IN THE SOIL
  • SUBMERSION IN WATER DURING THE BATH
  • SHORE SEDIMENTS
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CROM

  • INGESTION OF CONTAMINATED WATER
  • INGESTION

OF VEGETABLES CONTAMINATED BY ATMOSPHERE DEPOSIT OR IRRIGATION

  • INGESTION OF ANIMAL MEAT CONTAMINATED BY

CONTAMINATED WATER OR VEGETABLES

  • INGESTION

OF FRESHWATER FISHES AND CRUSTACEAN

  • INGESTION OF MARINE FISHES AND CRUSTACEAN
  • INHALATION

INTERNAL EXPOSURE PATHWAYS

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CROM

DOSE CONVERSION FACTORS

  • EXTERNAL:
  • Based in Federal Guidance Report No 12.

Considers the growth of the daughters using Bateman equations

  • INTERNAL:
  • Based in BSS (IAEA No 115). Committed

effective dose up to 70 y.

  • 6 age groups as defined in BSS.
  • Different

absortion cathegories (F,M,S) considered.

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  • SCREEN
  • WORD BASED REPORT
  • EXCEL BASED DATA

CROM

Results

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The models implemented in Crom were designed for assessing doses due to releases from nuclear

  • r radioactive installations provided that:
  • ~ 30 YEARS EMMISSIONS.
  • CONTINUOUS EMMISSIONS (In any single day is

not emitted more than 1% of the annual release)

  • NEUTRAL ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS (Pasquill

D difussion category)

CROM

What CROM can do

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Using some additional calculations Crom can be used for:

  • ANY NUMBER OF YEARS EMMISSIONS.
  • ANY ATMOSPHERIC CONDITIONS (Any Pasquill

difussion category)

  • Effective height considerations
  • Resuspension of deposited material
  • Other radioisotopes can be used calculating the

DCFs and introducing them into the DB.

  • H3 & C14
  • Sewers

CROM

What CROM can do (with help)

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The models implemented in Crom are not valid for assessing doses in:

  • SHORT TIME EMMISSIONS (accidents)
  • VERY LONG TIME EMMISSIONS (HLW repository)
  • GROUNDWATER DISPERSION

CROM

What CROM can’t do

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CROM - Installation

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CROM - Installation

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CROM - Installation

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CROM - Installation

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CROM - Installation

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CROM - Installation

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CROM - Installation

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CROM - Use

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CROM - Use

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CROM - Use

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CROM - Use

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CROM - Use

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CROM - Use

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CROM - Use

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CROM - Use

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CROM - Use

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CROM - Use

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CROM - Use

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CROM - Use

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CROM - Use

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CROM - Use

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CROM - Use

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CROM - Use

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CROM - Use

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CROM - Use

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CROM - Use

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CROM - Use

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CROM - Use

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CROM - Use

5 receptor point More than 20 radionuclides in the source term

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CROM - Use

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CROM - Use

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CROM - Use

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CROM - Use

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CROM - Use

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CROM - Use

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CROM - Use

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CROM - Use

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CROM - Use

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CROM - Use

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CROM - Use

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CROM - Use

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CROM - Use

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CROM - Use

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CROM - Use

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CROM - Use

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CROM - Use

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CROM - Use

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CROM - Use

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CROM - Use

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CROM - Use

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CROM - Use

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CROM - Use

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CROM - Use

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CROM - Use

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CROM - Use

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CROM - Use

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CROM - Use

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CROM - Use

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CROM - Use

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CROM - Use

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CROM - Use

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CROM - Use

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CROM - Use

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CROM - Use

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CROM - Use

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1 km 20 m 60 m

CROM - Examples

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1 km 20 m 5 m

CROM - Examples

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1 km 30 m 150 m 33 m

CROM - Examples

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A 500m 500m 9000m Atm2 Atm3 Atm4 Riv4 Riv5 Riv6

CROM - Examples

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A 500m 500m 9000m Atm2 Atm3 Atm4 Riv4 Riv5 Riv6

CROM - Examples

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CROM - Examples

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50 m D = 30 m 2000 m

CROM - Examples

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CROM - Examples

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CROM - Examples

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CROM - Examples

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CROM - Examples

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CROM - Examples

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  • Control of releases
  • Optimization of new installations
  • Derivation of authorized discharge

limits

  • …

CROM - Aplications

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Thank you for your attention Jc.mora@ciemat.es