Counterfeit Abatement Targeting the PLACES where counterfeit goods - - PDF document

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Counterfeit Abatement Targeting the PLACES where counterfeit goods - - PDF document

Counterfeit Abatement Targeting the PLACES where counterfeit goods are manufactured, sold, stored Deputy City Attorney Kevin A. Gilligan Office of the Los Angeles City Attorney Detective Rick Ishitani Los Angeles Police Department Webinar


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Counterfeit Abatement

Targeting the PLACES where counterfeit goods are manufactured, sold, stored Deputy City Attorney Kevin A. Gilligan Office of the Los Angeles City Attorney Detective Rick Ishitani Los Angeles Police Department

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COUNTERFEIT ABATEMENTS

 Civil enforcement action brought by criminal

prosecutors in civil courts

 Seeks injunctions, penalties and other remedies

to stop chronic counterfeit activity

 Primarily targets the PLACES counterfeit occurs  Defendants: property owners, business owners,

individuals who are causing the illegal counterfeit activity and/or nuisance

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Brief Overview of Counterfeit Goods Enforcement

PERCEPTI ONS ENCOUNTERED WHEN ENFORCI NG LAWS AGAI NST COUNTERFEI T GOODS AND PI RACY

Defendants/Jurors: It’s not like I’m hurting anyone buying a little counterfeit…. “It’s just T-shirts” “Kids just want to share a little music” “It’s just a little handbag” “The entertainment industry makes enough money” Prosecutors/Police “Purse police” I’m a prosecutor/police officer “I only handle SERIOUS crimes….”

Education: Part of our job is to educate our audience about why counterfeit is serious. This webinar will give you the information you need to begin this process. Who is your audience?

  • Investigator/Police Officer
  • Prosecutor
  • Your boss
  • Judge
  • Juries
  • People who can fund your program
  • Potential buyers of counterfeit goods
  • Media
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MOST PEOPLE DON’T UNDERSTAND THAT COUNTERFEIT GOODS ARE UBIQUITOUS Apparel and Entertainment….yes, but also… Pharmaceuticals

Heart meds, cancer meds (Avastin), birth control, internet pharmacies

Food & Beverages

Powdered baby milk Counterfeit Vodka in Russia killed hundreds 2006

Personal Hygiene

Toothpaste US 1 million tubes of Colgate with diethylene glycol Mach 3 razor blades - 1 estimate had 80% of ebay razors counterfeit

Electronics

Counterfeit Game boy charger electrocutes 7 year old Connor O’Keefe British family on vacation in Thailand in ‘07 Circuit breakers Counterfeit certifications

Law Enforcement

Badges and identification Police Car Brake Pads-Ford Motorsports

Defense Industry

Routers, computer chips, military parts, software

Financial Industry

Phising attacks, counterfeit cashier’s checks, money orders

Why Counterfeit?

 Extremely profitable  Low barriers to entry  Draws little attention from law enforcement  Minimal criminal penalties-probation  Perceived as a “victimless” crime by many  Explain this in your civil pleadings

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Intellectual Property Theft Education

 National Crime Prevention Council

 NCPC and BJA Public Education Campaign  http://www.ncpc.org/topics/intellectual-property-theft

 Rand Report on Film Piracy, Organized Crime

and Terrorism

 Cite in your pleadings, your expert may use it  http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/MG742.html

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THE SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM

500 BI LLI ON A YEAR – BI GGER THAN DOPE

10% OF GOODS I N MARKETPLACE NOT LI MI TED TO LUXURY GOODS PUBLI C SAFETY I SSUES

AI RPLANE & AUTOMOBI LE PARTS MEDI CI NE & MEDI CAL EQUI PMENT

FOOD I TEMS

LAPD ANTI PIRACY - 110,000 PIRATED CDS RECOVERED 8/ 07/ 08

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I talian authorities bust counterfeit Ferrari ring

WHO IS INVOLVED IN COUNTERFEITING?

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Busted U.S. Drug Ring w as funding Hezbollah

2 0 0 7 Los Angeles - A seem ingly sm all-tim e drug ring busted this w eek in Los Angeles w as actually targeted for funding the Lebanese m ilitia group Hezbollah, the Daily New s has learned.

Ali Khalil Elreda , 3 2 , of Bell; Moham ad Elreda, Ali's brother, 2 5 , of Bell Susanne Elreda, Ali's sister, 3 4 , of Sm yrna, Ga. Hussein Saleh Saleh, 3 7 , of Bell Robert Bell, 36, of Corona Dalisa Johnson, 37, of Corona Moussa Matar, 4 8 , of Cudahy Moham ad Matar, Moussa's son, 2 8 , of Cudahy Ali Matar, Moham ad's tw in brother, 2 8 , of Cudahy Juan Gonzalez, 2 6 , of Lynw ood Frankie Higuea, 2 4 , of Dow ney Crystal Hill, 2 5 , of Haw thorne

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HEZBOLLAH / AL- QAEDA

36 TH STREET / 38 TH STREET

ASIAN ORGANIZED CRIME

18 TH STREET

MS 13

CRIPS / BLOODS

 EAST COAST CRIPS  RAYMOND STREET  COMPTON CRIPS 

HELLS ANGELS

PROPERTY ABATEMENTS AS A TOOL TO FIGHT COUNTERFEIT ACTIVITY

When arrests aren’t enough to solve the problem PROPERTY ABATEMENTS

 Civil Enforcement Action

Filed by Prosecutors in the Name of the People

 Narcotic abatements  Red light abatements  L.A. City Attorney began

filing narcotic abatements in 1990.

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 Abatements evolved to include gangs as

well as drug abatements

 Staff joint federal/local investigations in LA

 ATF, FBI, DEA, CBP and LAPD/LASD

 Now includes counterfeit and organized

crime locations

PROJECT T.O.U.G.H.

(Taking Out Urban Gang Headquarters)

PROPERTY ABATEMENTS COMMON CAUSES OF ACTION IN PROPERTY ABATEMENTS

 Narcotics Abatement CA Health & Safety Code section 11570  General Public Nuisance CA Civil Code section 3479  Unlawful Business Practices

aka Consumer Protection

B&P section 17200/allege counterfeit violations as a predicate act (CA PC 350)  Actions can be combined

with code enforcement

PROPERTY ABATEMENTS

 Defendants are:  Engaged in nuisance

activity

 Gang members  Property managers  Tenants  Business owners  Property owners*

* Depending on facts, notice, and statute used.

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11 Abatement Remedies

 Injunctive relief (owner, business

  • wner, gang members,

counterfeiters)

 Stay away orders  Evictions  Closure & demolition  Receiver  Attorney’s fees  Investigative costs  Civil penalties  Judgment recovery  Search and seizure conditions VARY BASED ON FACTS, CAUSE OF ACTI ON

NOW WHAT CLOTHING

9229 S. Broadway

NOW WHAT CLOTHING

 Activity:

 Counterfeit goods

(sales)

 Gang loitering  Guns (illegally

possessed by felons)

 Marijuana and Ecstasy  2 Shootings, homicide  Stolen property  Multiple arrests and

search warrants!!!!

Multiple Gangs Involved!!

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12 NOW WHAT CLOTHING

 Gang members and

counterfeiting*

 Lucrative  Rarely investigated  Public perception

(jurors and prosecutors)

 Lesser penalties  Generally safer than

dealing dope * Increase in gang members involvement in counterfeit in Los Angeles

California B&P 17800

Counterfeit Abatement Statute Nonresidential building or places used for willfully manufacturing, intentionally selling, or knowingly possessing for sale any counterfeit goods shall be deemed a nuisance.

 Powerful remedies, injunctive relief, damages  Remedies per PC 11225  Valid until 2015

 REQUIRES COUNTERFEIT CONVICTION PRIOR TO FILING California PC 350(2) or 653w  Owner must be given 30 days notice prior to filing

California Trademark Protection

 Penal Code 350 (2)

Willful manufacture, intentional sale or knowing possession for sale of a counterfeit mark registered with Secretary of State or the Principal Register of the US Patent & Trademark Office of 1,000 or more items OR has a total retail or fair market value equal to or greater than grand theft (PC 487)-Currently $950.

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Counterfeit CD’s or DVD’s

California Penal Code Section 653w

 Failure to disclose the origin of a recording or

audiovisual work, if for commercial advantage or financial gain, (s)he knowingly advertises or offers for sale or resale, or sells or resells, causes the rental, sale or resale, rents, manufacturers, or possesses any recording or audiovisual work, the cover, box, jacket, or label of which does not clearly and conspicuously disclose the actual true name and address of manufacturer and name of actual author, artist, performer, producer etc…

Unlawful Business Practices

California B & P 17200

Prohibits unlawful, unfair, deceptive business practices

Extremely broad

Applies if business violates any law – municipal, state or federal

We allege violations of state trademark law, but also cite the federal Lanham Act  “(T)he UCL’s purpose is to protect both

consumers and competitors by promoting fair competition in commercial markets for goods and services.”

 By alleging violations of UNLAWFUL and UNFAIR

prongs you can bring in many facts including lost revenue to city, courts, effect on other businesses

 Educate the judge, tends to drive defense

counsel crazy.

Unlawful Business Practices

aka the Unfair Competition Law (UCL)

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 Injunction & receiver—possible closure  $2,500 penalty per violation, per day  Current examples:  drug/gang apt. buildings  tattoo shop  counterfeit goods

Unlawful Business Practices

California B & P 17200

NOW WHAT CLOTHING CONSIDERATIONS

 Legal options

 Abatement (injunction)  Case conference  Eviction

 Causes of action???

 Narcotic abatement action  Nuisance  B&P 17800 Counterfeit

 Defendants

NOW WHAT CLOTHING

 Filing Decision  Did not use 17800 in our case

because we did not have a counterfeit conviction*

 17200

 350 PC  3479 Civil Code - Nuisance

* Teamwork - Police, prosecutors, abatement attorneys, investigators to seek Conviction for counterfeit where an abatement is needed

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15 NOW WHAT CLOTHING

 Remedies Sought  Closure of the business  Stay away from location  Pay business taxes

  • wed to City of LA

 Work restrictions in

state

 Do not engage in

counterfeit

 PERMANENT

INJUNCTION

 Led to other ATF case

Counterfeit Abatement Considerations

 How long has the location been a problem? Repeated arrests  Define the goal of your case, property based?  Civil service of gang members -- challenges – DISCUSS!!  Investigative partners - narco, customs, other jurisdictions

private investigators

 Look for links to other criminal activities

 Most of our counterfeit defs. are involved in other things  Drugs, violence, burglary rings, prostitution, human trafficking, murder  Researching web pages, my space etc

STRENGTHENING YOUR ABATEMENT CASE

 ID everyone on site—ID

role, i.e., managers, sales, etc.

 Determine business

  • wnership

 Photos and photocopies  Any shipping labels?  Get it to us early

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16 Useful Evidence For Abatements

 Explain to officers, abatement vs. arrest  Proving ownership/control of location

 Utility bills  Lease agreements  Mail  Property records  Wit/defendant statements  Corporate filings  Doing Business As - statements  Bank accounts/pay and owe sheets  Gangster writing/graffiti/apparel – (Nuisance) Photos  PHOTOS of condition of location  PHOTOS of employees – for court/case conference

Invoice Showing Rent From Business Owner to Property Owner Useful Info – Tips for Officers

Abatements are different than arrests

Lock employees into story

How long have you worked there

Who hired you

Who runs the store/business

Who pays you, when, how often

When do you see the owner/manager of location

How often are they present

When is the last time you saw them

How do you contact them

Who stocks the shelves

Who collects the money

Where does the money go

Who has keys to business

Who opens/closes business

Other agencies/investigators working location? RISS? Contact all

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Criminal Case vs. Civil Abatement

Free lawyer

Defendants familiar with criminal court

Limited discovery

Can be speedy (months)

Jurisdiction easy

Right to jury trial

Minimal paper

No free lawyer

Defendants and lawyers often unfamiliar with civil court

Civil discovery broad

Can be slow (year or more to trial)

Jurisdiction can be hard – have to serve defendants with paper * * * Timing of investigation and filing important

No right to a jury trial

LOTS OF PAPER

Remedies Criminal Prosecution vs. Abatement

Primarily targets people

Penalty: Jail/prison (maybe)

Probation limited: 3 yrs?

Restitution

Probationary terms limited to term

  • f probation-can be terminated if

they pick up another case

Sentence affected by jail

  • vercrowding, at least in CA

Primarily targets place

Penalty: potentially massive fines, permanent injunction, closure, receiver, perm stay- away orders

Restitution

Property closure

Restriction on future business activities

  • Perm. Search and seizure orders

Sentence not affected by jail

  • vercrowding

Service of Defendants People vs. Barrios, Guerra

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18 Counterfeit Abatement Considerations

Who will be your counterfeit expert?

Police vs. private investigators – issues include training, storage

To file or not to file (an abatement)

Limited law enforcement and prosecution resources

 Would an owner notification letter solve the problem?  Would a case conference with owner solve it? 

Do you have a counterfeit conviction

Do you have prior cease and desist letters

Did you give owner notice, if needed

What other causes of action, options do you have?

 (17200 B&P - UCL) – I.E. Consumer Protection Laws  (HS 11570 Narco) – I.E. Narcotic Abatement Laws  (3479 CC Nuisance) – I.E. Public Nuisance Statute  Grounds for eviction – Statutory or lease based?  Code enforcement, tax and labor law enforcement - POWERFUL

Additional Considerations

 Put $$ value in arrest report  Document gang, OC connections  Document investigative cost  Consider a 1271.1 bail motion

(proceeds of crimes cannot be used for bail, burden on defendant to prove)

 Cite expert reports, RAND, LA Economic

Development Corp report to educate audience (Judge, Jury – if criminal, Defense bar that you are serious).

FUTURE BJA WEBINAR Counterfeit Abatement Advanced Strategies

 Working with private investigative agencies

  • Evaluating, evidence tracking, reports,

 Investigative strategies/collaboration  Pretrial motions in counterfeit case  Educating the judge with your pleadings  Justifying civil penalties  Restitution  Injunctive relief – remedies to seek, restrictions on

individuals, businesses, employment

 Let us know what issues you want to know about

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19 Result of Counterfeit Lawsuit

People vs. Barrios, Guerra

Deportes Si Se Puede 1325 S. Main St.- Oct 11

COUNTERFEI T GOODS RECAP

(EDUCATE YOUR AUDIENCE)

Economic Threat

$200-$250 BILLION lost by US business annually Responsible for loss of 750,000 American Jobs*

National Security Threat

Defense industry, military parts, airport routers, computer software

Public Safety Threat

Gangsters, organized crime, terrorist links, funds bad guys and their goals-RAND REPORT

Counterfeit Abatement

When arrests just aren’t enough!

Kevin Gilligan, Deputy City Attorney KEVIN.GILLIGAN@LACITY .ORG Detective Rick Ishitani 34227@LAPD.LACITY .ORG

This presentation was brought to you with funding from the Bureau of Justice Assistance