CorALit : a Tool for Discovering Lithuanian Academic Identity - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

CorALit : a Tool for Discovering Lithuanian Academic Identity Aurelia Usonien ė Birutė Ryvitytė Jolanta Šinkūnienė aurelia@usonis.lt birute.ryvityte@flf.vu.lt jolanta2palmeris@gmail.com

Background (Gotti 2007)  Globalisation & extensive scientific collaboration promotes  spread of E as lingua franca in international communication  possible transfer of Anglocentric textual models  move towards global communicative models  ? Hybrid identity of academic discourse

TOOL CADIS - Corpus of Academic English (2005)  to analyse the most significant macro- microlinguistic variants in terms of identity, evaluation and interpretation  speech acts expressing positive/negative evaluation;  the pragmatic, interpersonal plane of discourse (stance, hedging, politeness);  the function of verbal and lexical modality;

KIAP project (Norway 2002 – 2006) Cultural Identities and Academic Voices (Fløttum e.a. 2007)  Corpus-based analysis (3 million words)  E vs. F vs. NO  Disciplines  economics – linguistics - medicine  Features analysed  Markers of epistemic modality

CorALit: purpose Cor pus of A cademic Lit huanian  to be used for linguistic research of academic discourse  to facilitate understanding of identity-forming features  to reveal presence/absence of signs of (cultural) resistance to ‘hybridisation’  to explore the impact of E as lingua franca on the identity of academic LT

Corpus design and structure funded by the Lithuanian State Science and Studies Foundation (2007-2009)  Specialised  biomedical, humanities, social, physical, technological sciences  Comparable (across disciplines)  Encoded (TEI 5P guidelines)  Written texts  Synchronic

Size and structure Science areas No of texts No of words B 281 670 397 H 449 2 114 543 P 70 430 806 S 344 1 459 098 T 81 547 030 TOTAL: 1 225 5 221 874

Structure: Text types Text type No of texts No of words reviews, 144 130 571 summaries, abstracts, etc. 990 3 167 834 articles 84 1 868 074 books

Lexical saturation

Academic discourse  “involves a complex cognitive and linguistic activity whereby writers construct ideal texts with particular reading audiences in mind, and seek, in realising those ideal texts, to design their discursive structures and to realise their lexico-grammatical textualisations to match the conventions of the genres within which they are writing and the <...> expectancies and competencies of the readership they have in mind.” (Hyland 2000:xv)

Author’s presence in academic LT  ATTITUDE  Epistemic qualification  Probability  Source of info/knowledge Evaluation Subjectivity

Realizations of Ep in LT Epistemic adverbials in LT  Modal words ( gal, galbūt, turbūt )  Particles ( bemaž, kažin, gal, turbūt)  Adverbs ( mažne , tikriausiai )

Frequency lists  Grumadienė and Žilinskienė 1997;  a lemmatised frequency list of the 1, 2M- word corpus of written Lithuanian  Andrius Utka  frequency list  60M-word Corpus of Contemporary Lithuanian Language ( CCLL : http://donelaitis.vdu.lt/)

Top frequency  Particle gal (‘perhaps/maybe/whether’)  99th CCLL:  gal  92; galbūt (‘maybe’)  388  turbūt (‘probably’)  758

Academic vs. News (f/1000) News LT Epistemic Adverbials Academic LT CorALit CCLL 0.71 GAL (‘perhaps’) 0.11 0.20 GALBŪT (‘maybe’) 0.12 0.05 0.11 TURBŪT (‘probably’) 0.10 AKIVAIZDU ( ‘ evidently ’ ) 0.04 0.03 REGIS (‘apparently’) 0.05

LT: Academic vs. News (f/1000) Academic CorALit News CCLL 0,8 0,7 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1 0 gal galbūt turbūt akivaizdu regis

GAL (‘perhaps’) in CorALit LT: Tokia klasifikacija gal ir nėra labai tiksli, tačiau šių šalių valdymo bruožai skiriasi (S) E: ‘‘ Perhaps this classification is not very exact, but the features of management of those countries are different’ (S)

AKIVAIZDU (‘evidently’) in CorALit LT: Šiuolaikinės istoriografijos istorijos kritinis potencialas, akivaizdu, nėra suprantamas kaip istorikų rūšiavimas į „baltuosius“ ir „juoduosius“. (H) E: ‘The critical potential of contemporary historiographical history is evidently not understood as sorting historians into “white” and “black”.’ (H)

REGIS (‘apparently’) in CorALit LT: Tokia meno tradicijos samprata estetui, regis , buvo priimtiniausia . (H) E: ‘Such a concept of art tradition apparently was the most acceptable for the aesthete.’ (H)

BNC: Academic vs. News (f/1000) 0,35 Academic BNC 0,3 News BNC 0,25 0,2 0,15 0,1 0,05 0 perhaps maybe probably evidently apparently

Academic LT: across science areas 0,18 H 0,16 S 0,14 0,12 P 0,1 B 0,08 T 0,06 0,04 0,02 0 gal galbūt turbūt akivaizdu regis

Specialized vocabulary (f/1000) CorALit vs. CCLL  sistem in (is/ė) 0.10 0.01  sistem išk (as/a) 0.01 0.00(260)  sistem ing (as/a) 0.03 0.01  sistema tin (is/ė) 0.00(9) 0.00 (43)  sistema ting (as/a) 0 0.00 (9)  sistema tišk (as/a) 0.00(1) 0.00 (21)

Across science areas (CorALit) (f/1000) ADJ + ADV B H S P T 0.14 0.04 0.09 0.35 0.07 sistem in (is/ė) sistem išk (as/a) 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.02 0.01 sistem ing (as/a) sistema tin (is/ė) 0 0.00 0.01 0.01 0 0 0 0 0 0 sistema ting (as/a) sistema tišk (as/a) 0 0.00 0 0 0

Term Bank: LT  sisteminė analizė, rinkmena  sistemingasis nuokrypis  sistemingoji paklaida, atranka (http://terminai.vlkk.lt:10001/pls/tb/tb.search)

BNC academic (f/1000)  systemic 0.01  systematic 0.04  systematical 0

Specialized vocabulary (f/1000) CorALit CCLL problemin(is/ė) 0.04 0.01 problemišk(as/a) 0.02 0.01 problematin(is/ė) 0.00 0.00 problematišk(as/a) 0.00 0.00

BNC academic (f/1000)  problematic 0.03  problematical 0.00

Concluding observations # Academic discourse is neutral and objective  Author’s presence  Internationalisation of specialised terminology