CHEMISTRY UNIT
CHAPTER 14 LESSON 1 PG. 519 CHAPTER 14 LESSON 1 VOCABULARY 1. VOLUME – THE AMOUNT OF SPACE AN OBJECT TAKES UP 2. ATOM – THE SMALLEST PARTICLE THAT STILL BEHAVES LIKE THE ORIGINAL MATTER IT CAME FROM 3. MOLECULE – TWO OR MORE ATOMS JOINED TOGETHER 4. NUCLEUS – A DENSE AREA IN THE CENTER OF AN ATOM THAT CONTAINS PROTONS AND NEUTRONS 5. ELEMENT – MATTER MADE UP OF ONLY ONE KIND OF ATOM 6. PERIODIC TABLE – A CHART THAT SCIENTISTS USE TO ORGANIZE THE ELEMENTS
CHAPTER 14 LESSON 1 MATTER • Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space (has volume) • Mass – the amount of matter in an object • Weight – how much mass is pulled by gravity • Volume – amount of space an object takes up Mass is the same in a whole apple as a cut up apple. What are 2 properties of all matter? All matter has mass and takes up space .
CHAPTER 14 LESSON 1 ATOMS AND MOLECULES • ALL MATTER IS MADE OF TINY PARTICLES CALLED ATOMS ✓ Hydrogen is made of hydrogen atoms…Oxygen is made of oxygen atoms • ATOMS ARE CONSTANTLY IN MOTION • MOLECULES ARE MADE UP OF TWO OR MORE ATOMS JOINED TOGETHER ✓ A water molecule forms when 2 atoms of hydrogen join with 1 atom of oxygen (3 atoms total) H 2 O • Is there anything smaller than an atom? Yes! PROTONS AND NEUTRONS, (FORMED FROM EVEN SMALLER PARTICLES KNOWN AS QUARKS)
ATOM – THE SMALLEST UNIT OF AN ELEMENT Study Jams atoms-protons, neutrons, electrons Brain Pop Atomic Model 4:09
CHAPTER 14 LESSON 1 WHAT ARE THE PARTS OF AN ATOM? 1. PROTONS 2. NEUTRONS 3. NUCLEUS 4. ELECTRONS 5. SHELLS Electrons move around the nucleus in paths called shells (or energy levels). Shell – an energy level containing spinning electrons that surrounds the nucleus of an atom
CHAPTER 14 LESSON 1 ELEMENTS • MATTER THAT IS MADE OF ONLY ONE KIND OF ATOM IS AN ELEMENT ✓ Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen are elements ✓ Water is not an element because it’s made of 2 kinds of matter • How many known elements are there? 118 ✓ 92 elements occur naturally • What are the most common elements? ✓ Hydrogen and Helium (Stars are made of these) ✓ Oxygen and Silicon (in Earth’s crust)
CHAPTER 14 LESSON 1 PERIODIC TABLE **Elements and their symbols that we should know** • Elements are in order by the number H Hydrogen Si Silicon of protons in the nucleus He Helium Cl Chlorine • The number of protons is called its C Carbon atomic number N Nitrogen Fe Iron ✓ Hydrogen has 1 proton = atomic # is 1 ✓ Oxygen has 8 protons = atomic # is 8 O Oxygen Cu Copper ✓ Iron has ____ protons = atomic # is __ Na Sodium Ag Silver Al Aluminum Au Gold
PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS Look up element names and info Brain Pop Periodic Table of the elements 4:41 Study Jams Periodic Table
CHAPTER 14 LESSON 1 ATOMIC WHAT? • ATOMIC NUMBER – THE NUMBER OF PROTONS IN THE NUCLEUS OF AN ATOM Atomic mass – usually twice the atomic number There is a pattern occurring in the table…what is it?
CHAPTER 14 LESSON 1 HOW ARE ELEMENTS ARRANGED IN • The elements on the THE PERIODIC TABLE? left of the table are metals (except hydrogen) ✓ Properties of metals are shiny, ductile, malleable, or conductive • The elements on the far right of the table are nonmetals
CHAPTER 14 LESSON 1 METALS, NON-METALS, METALLOIDS METALS NON-METALS METALLOIDS • • • a good conductor of heat typically a poor conductor Also called semi-metals • and electricity, of heat and electricity but Properties of metals • mostly shiny solids good insulators and non-metals • most elements are • Most are gases metals (2/3 of all elements)
CHAPTER 14 LESSON 1 SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, AND GASES Solid ✓ have its own shape & volume Atoms and molecules change ✓ particles are rigid states due to Liquid temperature or pressure . ✓ own volume & takes the shape of its container ✓ Particles change shape & flow Gas ✓ doesn’t have a shape or volume ✓ Particles are far apart, move rapidly & expand harcourtschool.com/activity/states_of_matter/ strangematterexhibit
CHAPTER 14 LESSON 2 PG. 531 CHAPTER 14 LESSON 2-3 VOCABULARY 7. Physical change – a change in which the form of a substance changes, but the substance still has the same chemical makeup 8. Density – the measure of how closely packed an object’s atoms are 9. Mixture – a combination of two or more different substances 10.Solution – a mixture in which all the parts are mixed evenly 11.Combustibility – a measure of how easily a substance will burn 12.Reactivity – the ability of a substance to go through a chemical change
Dmitri Mendeleyev ➢ Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleyev discovered the periodic law and created the periodic table of elements in 1869 FAMOUS SCIENTISTS Percy Lavon Julian ➢ African-American chemist, a pioneer in the chemical synthesis of medicinal drugs such as cortisone, and steroids
CHAPTER 14 LESSON 3 PHYSICAL VS. CHEMICAL CHANGES Physical Change Chemical change (reaction) Form changes, same substance new substance is created. ✓ grinding salt ✓ hydrogen & oxygen gases combining ✓ breaking glass to form water ✓ cutting wood or paper ✓ Iron rusting- mass is changed! ✓ dissolving sugar in tea ✓ Wood burning ✓ water freezing ✓ Cake baking ✓ water evaporating ✓ Milk souring ✓ Rocks crushed ✓ Fireworks ✓ Recycling! ✓ Apple browning ✓ Cheese sliced, melted, or shredded Bill Nye Chemical Reaction Video Study Jams Physical & Chemical Changes
CHAPTER 14 LESSON 3 5 WAYS TO TELL IF A CHEMICAL CHANGE IS HAPPENING: 1. CHANGES COLOR 2. ENERGY GETS ABSORBED OR RELEASED 3. CHANGES ODOR 4. PRODUCES GASES OR SOLIDS 5. NOT EASY TO UNDO Barfing pumpkin chemical reaction
LOOKING AT FORMULAS Salt NaCl A Chemical Formula is the way we represent compounds or molecules. by combining the symbols of the elements from which the molecule or compound is made. Ammonia NH 3 ( windex ) Sugar C 12 H 22 O 11 Water H 2 O Carbon dioxide CO 2 Brain Pop chemical equations video 3:21
FORMULAS TO KNOW! Carbon dioxide = CO 2 Water = H 2 O Salt = NaCl
ITS ALL MIXED UP! These are all physical changes! 1. MIXTURE: A COMBINATION OF TWO OR MORE DIFFERENT SUBSTANCES • AREN’T PERMANENTLY COMBINED, CAN BE SEPARATED AGAIN ➢ TOSSED SALAD, SAND IN WATER 2. SOLUTION: A MIXTURE IN WHICH ALL THE PARTS ARE MIXED EVENLY • ATOMS OF A SOLID SEPARATE AND BECOME INVISIBLE IN A LIQUID (DISSOLVED) ➢ DRINK MIX IN WATER, SCUBA DIVERS TANK 3. SUSPENSION: A MIXTURE OF A LIQUID AND A SOLID IN WHICH THE SOLID DOES NOT DISSOLVE • MILK CREAM
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