CHEMISTRY UNIT CHAPTER 14 LESSON 1 PG. 519 CHAPTER 14 LESSON 1 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

CHEMISTRY UNIT

CHAPTER 14 LESSON 1 VOCABULARY

• 1. VOLUME – THE AMOUNT OF SPACE AN OBJECT TAKES UP
• 2. ATOM – THE SMALLEST PARTICLE THAT STILL BEHAVES LIKE THE ORIGINAL MATTER

IT CAME FROM

• 3. MOLECULE – TWO OR MORE ATOMS JOINED TOGETHER
• 4. NUCLEUS – A DENSE AREA IN THE CENTER OF AN ATOM THAT CONTAINS

PROTONS AND NEUTRONS

• 5. ELEMENT – MATTER MADE UP OF ONLY ONE KIND OF ATOM
• 6. PERIODIC TABLE – A CHART THAT SCIENTISTS USE TO ORGANIZE THE ELEMENTS

CHAPTER 14 LESSON 1 PG. 519

• Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space (has volume)
• Mass – the amount of matter in an object
• Weight – how much mass is pulled by gravity
• Volume – amount of space an object takes up

MATTER

Mass is the same in a whole apple as a cut up apple. What are 2 properties of all matter? All matter has mass and takes up space. CHAPTER 14 LESSON 1

ATOMS AND MOLECULES

• ALL MATTER IS MADE OF TINY PARTICLES CALLED ATOMS

✓Hydrogen is made of hydrogen atoms…Oxygen is made of oxygen atoms

• ATOMS ARE CONSTANTLY IN MOTION
• MOLECULES ARE MADE UP OF TWO OR MORE ATOMS JOINED TOGETHER

✓A water molecule forms when 2 atoms of hydrogen join with 1 atom of

• xygen (3 atoms total) H2O
• Is there anything smaller than an atom? Yes!

PROTONS AND NEUTRONS, (FORMED FROM EVEN SMALLER PARTICLES KNOWN AS QUARKS)

CHAPTER 14 LESSON 1

Brain Pop Atomic Model 4:09 Study Jams atoms-protons, neutrons, electrons

ATOM – THE SMALLEST UNIT OF AN ELEMENT

WHAT ARE THE PARTS OF AN ATOM?

1. PROTONS 2. NEUTRONS 3. NUCLEUS

• 4. ELECTRONS

5. SHELLS Electrons move around the nucleus in paths called shells (or energy levels).

Shell – an energy level containing spinning electrons that surrounds the nucleus

• f an atom

CHAPTER 14 LESSON 1

ELEMENTS

• MATTER THAT IS MADE OF ONLY ONE KIND OF ATOM IS AN ELEMENT

✓Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen are elements ✓Water is not an element because it’s made of 2 kinds of matter

• How many known elements are there? 118

✓92 elements occur naturally

• What are the most common elements?

✓Hydrogen and Helium (Stars are made of these) ✓Oxygen and Silicon (in Earth’s crust)

CHAPTER 14 LESSON 1

PERIODIC TABLE

**Elements and their symbols that we should know** H Hydrogen He Helium C Carbon N Nitrogen O Oxygen Na Sodium Al Aluminum Si Silicon Cl Chlorine Fe Iron Cu Copper Ag Silver Au Gold

CHAPTER 14 LESSON 1

• Elements are in order by the number
• f protons in the nucleus
• The number of protons is called its

atomic number

✓ Hydrogen has 1 proton = atomic # is 1 ✓ Oxygen has 8 protons = atomic # is 8 ✓ Iron has ____ protons = atomic # is __

PERIODIC TABLE OF THE ELEMENTS

Brain Pop Periodic Table of the elements 4:41

Study Jams Periodic Table Look up element names and info

ATOMIC WHAT?

• ATOMIC NUMBER – THE NUMBER OF PROTONS IN THE

NUCLEUS OF AN ATOM Atomic mass – usually twice the atomic number There is a pattern occurring in the table…what is it?

CHAPTER 14 LESSON 1

HOW ARE ELEMENTS ARRANGED IN THE PERIODIC TABLE?

• The elements on the

left of the table are metals (except hydrogen)

✓Properties of metals are shiny, ductile, malleable,

• r conductive
• The elements on the

far right of the table are nonmetals

CHAPTER 14 LESSON 1

METALS

• a good conductor of heat

and electricity,

• mostly shiny solids
• most elements are

metals (2/3 of all elements) NON-METALS

• typically a poor conductor
• f heat and electricity but

good insulators

• Most are gases

METALLOIDS

• Also called semi-metals
• Properties of metals

and non-metals

METALS, NON-METALS, METALLOIDS

CHAPTER 14 LESSON 1

SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, AND GASES

Solid ✓have its own shape & volume ✓particles are rigid Liquid ✓own volume & takes the shape of its container ✓Particles change shape & flow Gas ✓doesn’t have a shape or volume ✓Particles are far apart, move rapidly & expand

harcourtschool.com/activity/states_of_matter/ strangematterexhibit

CHAPTER 14 LESSON 1

Atoms and molecules change states due to temperature or pressure.

CHAPTER 14 LESSON 2-3 VOCABULARY

• 7. Physical change – a change in which the form of a substance changes, but

the substance still has the same chemical makeup

• 8. Density – the measure of how closely packed an object’s atoms are
• 9. Mixture – a combination of two or more different substances

10.Solution – a mixture in which all the parts are mixed evenly 11.Combustibility – a measure of how easily a substance will burn 12.Reactivity – the ability of a substance to go through a chemical change

CHAPTER 14 LESSON 2 PG. 531

FAMOUS SCIENTISTS

Dmitri Mendeleyev

➢Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleyev discovered the periodic law and created the periodic table

• f elements in 1869

Percy Lavon Julian ➢African-American chemist, a pioneer in the chemical synthesis of medicinal drugs such as cortisone, and steroids

PHYSICAL VS. CHEMICAL CHANGES

Physical Change Form changes, same substance Chemical change (reaction) new substance is created.

✓ grinding salt

✓ breaking glass ✓ cutting wood or paper ✓ dissolving sugar in tea

✓ water freezing ✓ water evaporating ✓ Rocks crushed ✓ Recycling! ✓ Cheese sliced, melted, or shredded ✓ hydrogen & oxygen gases combining to form water

✓ Iron rusting-mass is changed! ✓ Wood burning ✓ Cake baking ✓ Milk souring ✓ Fireworks ✓ Apple browning

Bill Nye Chemical Reaction Video Study Jams Physical & Chemical Changes

CHAPTER 14 LESSON 3

5 WAYS TO TELL IF A CHEMICAL CHANGE IS HAPPENING:

• 1. CHANGES COLOR
• 2. ENERGY GETS ABSORBED OR RELEASED
• 3. CHANGES ODOR
• 4. PRODUCES GASES OR SOLIDS
• 5. NOT EASY TO UNDO

Barfing pumpkin chemical reaction

CHAPTER 14 LESSON 3

Water H2O

Ammonia NH3 (windex)

Carbon dioxide CO2 Salt NaCl

LOOKING AT FORMULAS

Brain Pop chemical equations video 3:21

A Chemical Formula is the way we represent compounds or molecules. by combining the symbols of the elements from which the molecule or compound is made.

Sugar C12H22O11

Water = H2O

Carbon dioxide = CO2 Salt = NaCl

FORMULAS TO KNOW!

ITS ALL MIXED UP!

• 1. MIXTURE: A COMBINATION OF TWO OR MORE DIFFERENT SUBSTANCES
• AREN’T PERMANENTLY COMBINED, CAN BE SEPARATED AGAIN

➢ TOSSED SALAD, SAND IN WATER

• 2. SOLUTION: A MIXTURE IN WHICH ALL THE PARTS ARE MIXED EVENLY
• ATOMS OF A SOLID SEPARATE AND BECOME INVISIBLE IN A LIQUID (DISSOLVED)

➢ DRINK MIX IN WATER, SCUBA DIVERS TANK

• 3. SUSPENSION: A MIXTURE OF A LIQUID AND A SOLID IN WHICH THE SOLID

DOES NOT DISSOLVE

• MILK CREAM

These are all physical changes!