Charge-changing and total interaction cross section measurements - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Charge-changing and total interaction cross section measurements

Maya Takechi, Niigata University

• M. Tanaka,∗2 A. Homma,∗1 Y. Tanaka,∗2 T. Suzuki,∗3 M. Fukuda,∗2 D. Nishimura,∗4
• T. Moriguchi,∗5 D. S. Ahn,∗6 A. S. Aimaganbetov,∗7,∗8 M. Amano,∗5 H. Arakawa,∗3 S. Bagchi,∗9

K.-H. Behr,∗9 N. Burtebayev,∗7 K. Chikaato,∗1 H. Du,∗2 T. Fujii,∗3 N. Fukuda,∗6 H. Geissel,∗9 T. Hori,∗2

• S. Hoshino,∗1 R. Igosawa,∗3 A. Ikeda,∗1 N. Inabe,∗6 K. Inomata,∗3 K. Itahashi,∗6 T. Izumikawa,∗10
• D. Kamioka,∗5, N. Kanda,∗1 I. Kato,∗3 I. Kenzhina,∗11 Z. Korkulu,∗6 Ye. Kuk,∗7,∗8 K. Kusaka,∗6
• K. Matsuta,∗2 M. Mihara,∗2 E. Miyata,∗1 D. Nagae,∗6 S. Nakamura,∗1 M. Nassurlla,∗7 K. Nishimuro,∗3
• K. Nishizuka,∗1 S. Ohmika,∗3, K. Ohnishi,∗2 M. Ohtake,∗6 T. Ohtsubo,∗1 H. J. Ong,∗12 A. Ozawa,∗5
• A. Prochazka,∗9 H. Sakurai,∗6, C. Scheidenberger,∗9 Y. Shimizu,∗6 T. Sugihara,∗2 T. Sumikama,∗6
• S. Suzuki,∗5 H. Suzuki,∗6 H. Takeda,∗6 Y. K. Tanaka,∗9 T. K. Zholdybayev,∗7 T. Wada,∗1
• K. Wakayama,∗3 , S. Yagi,∗2 T. Yamaguchi,∗3, R. Yanagihara,∗2 Y. Yanagisawa,∗6 and K. Yoshida∗3

Collaborators

. ∗1 Department of Physics, Niigata University, ∗2 Department of Physics, Osaka University, ∗3 Department of Physics, Saitama University, ∗4 Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science, ∗5 Institute of Physics, University of Tsukuba , ∗6 RIKEN Nishina Center, ∗7 The Institute of Nuclear Physics Kazakhstan . ∗8 L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University ,∗9 GSI Helmholtzzentrum fu

̈r Schwerionenforschung

. ∗10 Radioactive Isotope Center, Niigata University , ∗11 Al - Farabi Kazakh National University . ∗12 Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University 


Nuclear Size and Interaction Cross Sections

σI or σR

Nuclear Size

Glauber Calculation

σtot = σR + σel σI = σR - σinel

σ R = db

∫

1− exp − d 2r

∫

σNN E

( )ρz

P

i (r)ρz

Tj (r - b) i,j

∑

& ' ( ) * + ,

• .

. / 1 1

R

Interaction Cross Section Reaction Cross Section

σR can be uniquely calculated by 3 quantities

Projectile Density

ρP ρT

Target Density

σNN Nucleon- Nucleon Total Cross Section Nuclear Size of unknown Nuclei → Halo features

• ✡ ☛☞✌✍
• ✎ ✏✑☞✌

Li Isotopes

Example

6Li 7Li 8Li 9Li

Halo Nucleus

11Li

• M. Takechi et al.,
• Phys. Lett. B 707 (2012) 357.
• I. Tanihata et al.,
• Phys. Lett. B 206 (1988) 592.

11Li 11Be 31Ne 37Mg

Stable Nuclei Follows A1/3 Curve calculated from known radii Halo, and Deformation have been discussed extensively with the comparison to Theories

Next : Neutron Skin Thickness of Nuclei A>40

Neutron Skin and Nuclear Matter EOS

Droplet Model

How to know L?

When the density of nuclear matter is around nuclear surface density

Symmetry term aA ⋍ symmetry term of EOS

Measurement of δ dependence of ΔR L

~0.1 fm-3

Neutron skin thickness ΔR ~ L × δ + correction term

• M. Centelles et al., PRL 102, 122502 (2009)

One Simple correlation between L and Neutron Skin

w n, d

Q V c w 0 + 18n 0

2

K 0 n - n 0

Q V

2 + d 2 S 0 + 3n 0

L n - n 0

Q V

" %

EOS around N⋍Z δ = (N - Z)/A, A > 40

L : gradient

• K. Oyamatsu and K. Iida

PRC 81, 054302 (2010)

w n, d

Q V c w 0 + 18n 0

2

K 0 n - n 0

Q V

2 + d 2 S 0 + 3n 0

L n - n 0

Q V

" %

First Key Parameter : L

n0 : saturation density, w0 : saturation energy K0 : incompressibility, S0 : symmetry energy at n = n0

δ = (N - Z)/A

L : Density derivative coefficient

• f symmetry energy

Neutron skin thickness ΔR ~ L × δ + correction term

Existing data for Neutron Skin Thickness

Neutron Skin thickness ΔR (fm)

Prediction from NL3 interaction

Neutron Star R1.4M⊙ 15km Mmax = 2.8 M⊙

FSUGold interaction

Neutron Star R1.4M⊙ 13km Mmax = 1.7 M⊙

Li-Gang Cao, H. Sagawa, G. Col’o Nuclear Structure in China 2012 (2012) 33

L 25 ~ 115 MeV Various Results

δ = (N-Z) / A

• M. Centelles et al.,

Analysis of L using Antiprotonic Atom Data from A = 40 ~ 238

Anti Protonic Atom : A. Trzcinska et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 082501 (2001). GDR : A. Krasznahorkay et al., Nucl. Phys. A 567 521 (1994). SDR : A. Krasznahorkay et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 3216 (1999). SDR : A. Krasznahorkay et al., Nucl. Phys. A 731 224 (2004). ES : S. Terashima et al., Phys. Rev. C 77 024317 (2008). ES : J. Zenihiro et al., Phys. Rev. C 82 044611 (2010).

Skin thickness for Neutron-rich Nuclei

To know Neutron Skin Thickness, Rp is necessary! Stable Nuclei : Electron Scattering Experiment X-ray Measurements Muonic Atom Unstable Nuclei : Isotope shift Measurements Proton Radii

Sensitive to the Coulomb Potential of Protons

How to determine Neutron Skin Thickness for Exotic Nuclei?

σI

Rm

σ R = db

∫

1− exp − d 2r

∫

σNN E

( )ρz

P

i (r)ρz

Tj (r - b) i,j

∑

& ' ( ) * + ,

• .

. / 1 1

R

σI (Interaction cross section ) →Matter Radius Neutron Skin ΔR = Neutron Radius Rn - Proton Radius Rp

New Method : Charge Changing Cross Section

σCC

Rp

Proton Distribution Radius Rp and σCC

Strong Correlation between Protin Radii and σCC Rp ( Electron Scattering Data) vs σCC

σCC →Proton Radius ?

vcc = db 1 - exp - vpp tproton

Projectile tproton T arg et

#

+ vnp t proton

Projectile t neutron T arg et

#

S X

F I

" %

#

Glauber Calculation for σCC

σCC calculation using charge distribution of nucleus

σCC

Rp

?

5.0 4.5 4.0 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5

Rc (fm)

2000 1500 1000 500

CCCS (mb)

58Ni 10Be 28Si

Determination of skin thickness Charge radii from CC cross sections

vcc = db 1 - exp - vpp tproton

Projectile tproton T arg et

#

+ vnp t proton

Projectile t neutron T arg et

#

S X

F I

" %

# Glauber Calculation for σCC

σCC calculation using charge distribution of nucleus σCC from Be to Ni

σCC Expt.

σCC Calc.

58Ni 28Si 40Ca

σCC(Expt..) / σCC(Calc.) ~ Constant

N/Z ~ 1 Nuclei

Determination of charge radius for 16C from σCC (HIMAC)

Calibration of σCC(Expt..) / σCC(Calc.) for light nuclei in wide range of Z/N (Charge Radii known)

Be to O

9Be 11Be 16O 18O 10B

9Be, 10B, Borromeans

• T. Yamaguchi et al., PRL. 107, 032502 (2011)

Determination of charge radius for 12 - 19C from σCC (GSI) ~1 GeV/u

• R. Kanungo et al., PRL 117, (2016) 102501

How about unstable, heavier nuclei A>40 ?

σCC Measurements

Charge Radii are known (Isotope-shift Measurements)

Study of σCC(Expt..) / σCC(Calc.) for A>40 nuclei in wide Z/N range

σI and σCC Measurements for 58-78Ni

And

σCC Measurements for 40-48, 50Ca, 58-64Ni, 38-47K, 62-80Cu

Neutron skin thickness ΔR ~ L × δ + correction term

Existing data for Neutron Skin Thickness

Neutron Skin thickness ΔR (fm)

Prediction from NL3 interaction

Neutron Star R1.4M⊙ 15km Mmax = 2.8 M⊙

FSUGold interaction

Neutron Star R1.4M⊙ 13km Mmax = 1.7 M⊙

Li-Gang Cao, H. Sagawa, G. Col’o Nuclear Structure in China 2012 (2012) 33

L 25 ~ 115 MeV Various Results

δ = (N-Z) / A

• M. Centelles et al.,

Analysis of L using Antiprotonic Atom Data from A = 40 ~ 238

Anti Protonic Atom : A. Trzcinska et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 082501 (2001). GDR : A. Krasznahorkay et al., Nucl. Phys. A 567 521 (1994). SDR : A. Krasznahorkay et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 3216 (1999). SDR : A. Krasznahorkay et al., Nucl. Phys. A 731 224 (2004). ES : S. Terashima et al., Phys. Rev. C 77 024317 (2008). ES : J. Zenihiro et al., Phys. Rev. C 82 044611 (2010).

Skin thickness for Neutron-rich Nuclei

Experiment at RIBF

RIBF ZDS F11, two MUSICs from GSI

238U Beam

345 MeV/u 30 pnA

Abrasion Fission

• n Be Target

238U Beam

Target Fissile Nucleus Fission Fragments

BigRIPS ZDS

Experiment at RIBF

Produced Beam around Ni Region

58-78Ni 84Ge 81-83Ga 68-82Zn 62-80Cu 61-76Co 56-65Fe 54-57Mn 55-56Cr

238U on Be Abrasion Fission

Produced Beam around Ca Region

40-50Ca 41-48K 39-46Sc etc. …

σI and σCC Measurements for 58-78Ni and nuclides nearby

σ R = −1 t ln N 2 N1 $ % & ' ( )

• ✡☛☞

✌ ✍ ✡☛☞ ✌

σI or CC N1 : Incident particle N2 : Without changing Z and A σI σCC N2 : Without changing Z

Measurements : Transmission Method

Charge Radii are known (Isotope-shift Measurements)

σCC Measurements for 40-48, 50Ca, 58-64Ni, 38-47K, 62-80Cu

F8 F10 F11 F12

BigRIPS

F9 F9

Experimental Setup

BigRIPS F3 BigRIPS F0 (第０焦点面)

Be Prod. Target

BigRIPS F5

BigRIPS

F5 Wedge-Shape

C Reaction Target

F11 C Reaction Target

ZDS

σI and σCC Measurements at 260 MeV/u σCC Measurements at 170 MeV/u σCC at two different energies and σI measured simultaneously

N1 : Incident particle

F3PL PPAC x 2

BigRIPS F3 BigRIPS F0 (第０焦点面)

PPAC PPAC Slit

BigRIPS F0 - F5

Time of Flight of F3 - F5：F3PL, F5PL Identification : ΔE - Bρ - TOF Method Energy Loss：Ion Chamber at F3 (F3IC) Magnetic Rigidity (Bρ) ：F5 PPAC

IC IC Reaction Target

BigRIPS F5

F0 - F5 : Counting N1 F5 Target Measurement

Be Prod. Target

F8 F10 F11 F12

BigRIPS

F9 F9

σ R = −1 t ln N 2 N1 $ % & ' ( )

σI or CC

F5PL

F0 - F5 : Counting N1

σI and σCC Measurements at 260 MeV/u

F8 F10 F11 F12

BigRIPS

F9 F9

ZDS

BigRIPS F0 (第０焦点面)

PPAC PPAC Slit

BigRIPS F5

Reaction Target IC IC

BigRIPS F7

F7PL PPAC PPAC

Time of Flight of F5 - F7：F5PL, F7PL Identification : ΔE - Bρ - TOF Method Energy Loss：Ion Chamber at F5 and F7 (F5IC, F7IC) Magnetic Rigidity (Bρ) ：F5 PPAC

BigRIPS F0 - F5

F0 - F5 : Counting N1 F5 - F7 : Counting N2

Be Prod. Target

σ R = −1 t ln N 2 N1 $ % & ' ( )

σI or CC

σI N2 : Without changing Z and A

BigRIPS F5 - F7

σCC N2 : Without changing Z

F5 Target Measurement

F5PL

σI and σCC Measurements at 260 MeV/u

N2 : Without changing Z

σ R = −1 t ln N 2 N1 $ % & ' ( )

CC

N1 : Incident particle

F11 Target Measurement

PPAC F7PL PPAC

F8 F10 F11 F12

BigRIPS

F9 F9

BigRIPS F3 BigRIPS F0 (第０焦点面) BigRIPS F5

IC

BigRIPS F7

F3PL PPAC x 2 IC PPAC PPAC Slit F5 Target IC Be Prod. Target

σCC Measurements at 170 MeV/u

N2 : Without changing Z

F8 F10 F11 F12

BigRIPS

F9 F9

σCC Measurements at 170 MeV/u

PPAC x 2

ZDS F9

PPAC PPAC F11PL

ZDS F11

MUSIC 1 MUSIC 2

F11

Reaction Target Long PL

TOF F7PL, F11PL Identification : ΔE - Bρ - TOF Method ΔE : MUSIC 1 Bρ：F9 PPAC

F7 - F11 : Counting N1 σ R = −1 t ln N 2 N1 $ % & ' ( )

CC

MUSIC2 : Counting N2

N1 : Incident particle

MUSIC1 MUSIC2 Target

F11 Target Measurement

61Ni 62Ni 63Ni

64Cu

Particle Identification Incident Beam on F5 Target

A/Q Z Incident Particle N1

62Ni

63Ni 61Ni

Co

Fe

Particle Identification after the Reaction Target

A/Q Z