CBT move on Week 1 WHAT IS CBT? I think therefore I am. Ren - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

CBT move on

Week 1

WHAT IS CBT?

– René Descartes

“I think therefore I am.”

"You," your joys and your sorrows, your memories and your ambitions, your sense

• f personal identity and free

will, are in fact no more than the behaviour of a vast assembly of nerve cells and their associated molecules.

The astonishing hypothesis

"You're nothing but a pack of neurones."

“A ¡TYPE ¡OF ¡‘PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC’ ¡TREATMENT ¡THAT ¡HELPS ¡ PATIENTS ¡TO ¡UNDERSTAND ¡THE ¡THOUGHTS ¡AND ¡FEELINGS ¡THAT ¡ INFLUENCE ¡BEHAVIOURS”-­‑ ¡HYPNOTHERAPY ¡CENTRE ¡OF ¡EXCELLENCE

• Psychotherapy - the treatment of mental disorder

by psychological rather than medical means.

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CBT =

CBT is commonly used to treat a wide range of disorders, such as:

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ADHD

During the course of the treatment

People learn how to:

• identify and
• change
• destructive/disturbing
• thought patterns that

have

• negative influence on
• behaviour.

Brief history of CBT

History of CBT

• Merging of several theories and research
• CBT have roots within:
• Cognitive (Sigmund Freud & Alfred Adler),
• Behaviourism (Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson,

B.F.Skinner, Joseph Wolpe & Albert Bandura)

• mixed with Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy

(Albert Ellis) and

• Multimodal Therapy (Arnold Lazarus)

Psychoanalysts

Sigmund freud Alfred adler albert ellis

Rational Emotive Behavioural Therapy

Joseph Wolpe Albert Bandura Aaron Beck

C B T

Aaron Beck formed the basis of Cognitive Therapy we practice today.

Ivan Pavlov John B Watson B.F. Skinner

Behaviourists & Developmental Psychologists

Jean Piaget Lawrence kohlberg

CBT basics

• Our thoughts and feelings

play a fundamental role in

• ur behaviour
• i.e. a person spending a lot of

time thinking about plane crashes, runway accidents and other such air disasters may find themselves avoiding air travel.

CBT basics - goal

• The goal of CBT is to teach patients that while they

cannot control every aspect of the world around them, they can take control of how they interpret and deal with things in their environment.

• CBT is usually a short-term treatment option, it is often

more affordable than some other types of therapy.

• CBT is also empirically supported and has been

shown to effectively help patients overcome a wide variety of maladaptive behaviours.

• CBT include’s a wide range of treatment approaches for emotional

disorders, along a continuum from structured individual psychotherapy to self- help material.

• There are a number of different approaches to CBT that are regularly

used by mental health professionals. These types include:

• ︎ Cognitive Therapy 

• ︎ Multimodal Therapy 

• ︎ Rational Emotive Therapy

Types of CBT

Components of CBT

• People often experience thoughts or feelings that

reinforce faulty beliefs.

• Such beliefs can result in problematic

behaviours that can affect numerous life areas, including family, romantic relationships, work and academics.

Negative thoughts about self! Maybe I should avoid social situations Results in missed

• pportunities

How to combat these destructive thought patterns and behaviours

1. Identify the problematic beliefs This stage is known as Functional Analysis - learning how thoughts, feelings and situations can contribute to maladaptive behaviours. The process can be difficult, especially for those who struggle with introspection, but it can ultimately lead to self-discovery and insights that are an essential part of the treatment process.

• 2. Focus on the actual behaviours contributing

to the problem. This second stage the client begins to learn and practice new skills that can then be put into use in real-world situations. i.e. a person suffering from drug addiction might start practicing new coping skills and rehearsing ways to avoid or deal with social situations that might trigger a relapse.

CBT is a gradual process

• Take incremental steps towards behavioural

change.

• i.e. someone suffering from social anxiety might

start by simply imagining him/herself in an anxiety- provoking situation. Next the client might start practicing conversations with friends, family and

• acquaintances. This way, progressively working

towards a larger goal, the process seems less daunting and the goals easier to achieve.

Uses of CBT

• Best for clients comfortable with introspection.
• Ready and willing to spend time and a lot of effort

analysing their thoughts and feelings.

• learning about how internal states impact outward

behaviour and practicing this new learned behaviour into daily life.

• One of the greatest benefits is that it helps clients

develop coping skills that can be useful both now and in the future.

Key names to remember understanding the development of this type of therapy:

Albert Ellis Aaron Beck Judith Beck Donald Meichenbaum

Basic characteristics of all cognitive therapies:

• 1. A collaborative relationship between client and therapist 

• 2. The premise that psychological distress is largely a function of disturbances in cognitive 


processes 


• 3. A focus in changing conditions to produce desired changes in affect and behaviour 

• 4. A present-centred, time-limited focus 

• 5. An active and directive stance by the therapist 

• 6. An educational treatment focusing on specific and structured target problems 

• 7. Emphasises on the role of homework 

• 8. Place responsibility on the client to assume an active role during and outside therapy sessions 

• 9. Emphasise developing a strong therapeutic alliance 

• 10. Draw from a variety of cognitive and behavioural strategies to bring about change.

• Therapists help clients to examine the manner in

which they understand themselves and the world and to experiment with new ways of behaving.

• Cognitive Behavioural therapy is based in the

assumption that reorganising one’s self statements will result in a corresponding reorganisation of

• ne’s behaviour.
• Behavioural techniques such as operant

conditioning, modelling and behaviour rehearsal can be applied to the cognitive behaviour approaches.

Week 2

• 1. Levels of change
• 2. Stages of change model
• 3. Readiness to change ruler
• 4. Involving others within CBT