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Bundesamt für Bevölkerungsschutz BABS LABOR SPIEZ

Bundesamt für Bevölkerungsschutz BABS LABOR SPIEZ SAB Response to the Director- General’s request to the SAB to provide further advice on CW sample stability and storage Dr Christophe Curty SAB Member SPIEZ LABORATORY 12.10.2016

Agenda • Background • DG’s request • What is known? • SAB response to the DG’s request • Conclusion 12.10.2016 Federal Office for Civil Protection FOCP SPIEZ LABORATORY Science for Diplomats 3

Background Facts 12.10.2016 Federal Office for Civil Protection FOCP SPIEZ LABORATORY Science for Diplomats 4

Background Investigation & Sampling 12.10.2016 Federal Office for Civil Protection FOCP SPIEZ LABORATORY Science for Diplomats 5

Background Samples 12.10.2016 Federal Office for Civil Protection FOCP SPIEZ LABORATORY Science for Diplomats 6

Background Analysis Results 12.10.2016 Federal Office for Civil Protection FOCP SPIEZ LABORATORY Science for Diplomats 7

Background Overview: from the facts to the analysis FACTS MISSION ANALYSIS SAMPLES RESULTS 12.10.2016 Federal Office for Civil Protection FOCP SPIEZ LABORATORY Science for Diplomats 8

DG’s request, 02.11.2015: Storage & Stability? 12.10.2016 Federal Office for Civil Protection FOCP SPIEZ LABORATORY Science for Diplomats 9

DG’s request, 02.11.2015: Storage & Stability? 12.10.2016 Federal Office for Civil Protection FOCP SPIEZ LABORATORY Science for Diplomats 10

DG’s request, 02.11.2015: Storage & Stability? 12.10.2016 Federal Office for Civil Protection FOCP SPIEZ LABORATORY Science for Diplomats 11

DG’s request, 02.11.2015: Storage & Stability? 12.10.2016 Federal Office for Civil Protection FOCP SPIEZ LABORATORY Science for Diplomats 12

‘‘ Credible results ’’  OPCW Proficiency Tests  ISO 17025  National Accreditation «The SAB notes that the analytical findings of the Designated Laboratories (…) will always be scientifically accurate (…), the findings will always return ‘ credible results ’.» 12.10.2016 Federal Office for Civil Protection FOCP SPIEZ LABORATORY Science for Diplomats 13

Storage & Stability: what is known? Degradation Rotting NATURAL PROCESS 12.10.2016 Federal Office for Civil Protection FOCP SPIEZ LABORATORY Science for Diplomats 14

Storage & Stability: what is known? Influenced by? 12.10.2016 Federal Office for Civil Protection FOCP SPIEZ LABORATORY Science for Diplomats 15

Storage & Stability: what is known? Influenced by? • Composition • Temperature • Packaging • Atmosphere • Duration • Light • Moisture • … 12.10.2016 Federal Office for Civil Protection FOCP SPIEZ LABORATORY Science for Diplomats 16

Storage & Stability : what is known? Chemistry • Chemical • Composition of sample • Temperature • Atmosphere • Packaging • Duration • Light • Moisture • … 12.10.2016 Federal Office for Civil Protection FOCP SPIEZ LABORATORY Science for Diplomats 17

Storage & Stability: what is known? Chemistry Preparation CWA Degradation O P F F O O O P P H PO O O F O O H O H l P C Sarin C l O P O C l NATURAL PROCESS O P O O By-product 12.10.2016 Federal Office for Civil Protection FOCP SPIEZ LABORATORY Science for Diplomats 18

Storage & Stability: what is known? Chemistry Degradation A Concentration LOD Time 12.10.2016 Federal Office for Civil Protection FOCP SPIEZ LABORATORY Science for Diplomats 19

Storage & Stability: what is known? Chemistry Degradation • Chemical • Composition of sample A • Temperature • Atmosphere • Packaging Concentration • Duration • Light • Moisture LOD Time 12.10.2016 Federal Office for Civil Protection FOCP SPIEZ LABORATORY Science for Diplomats 20

Storage & Stability: what is known? Chemistry Degradation A Concentration LOD Time 12.10.2016 Federal Office for Civil Protection FOCP SPIEZ LABORATORY Science for Diplomats 21

Storage & Stability: what is known? Chemistry Degradation A B A Concentration B LOD Time 12.10.2016 Federal Office for Civil Protection FOCP SPIEZ LABORATORY Science for Diplomats 22

Storage & Stability: what is known? Chemistry Degradation 95 A 60 A 5 A A B 5 B 40 B 95 B A Concentration B LOD T1 T2 T3 Time 12.10.2016 Federal Office for Civil Protection FOCP SPIEZ LABORATORY Science for Diplomats 23

Storage & Stability: what is known? Chemistry Degradation 95 A 60 A 5 A A B 5 B 40 B 95 B A Concentration B LOD T1 T2 T3 Time 12.10.2016 Federal Office for Civil Protection FOCP SPIEZ LABORATORY Science for Diplomats 24

Storage & Stability: what is known? Chemistry CWC-related chemicals Preparation CWA Degradation O P F F O O O O P F O P O P O O H H O H l P C Sarin C l O P O C l NATURAL PROCESS O P O O By-product 12.10.2016 Federal Office for Civil Protection FOCP SPIEZ LABORATORY Science for Diplomats 25

Storage & Stability: what is known? Chemistry Chemical Weapons Convention Chemicals Analysis: Sample Collection, Preparation and Analytical Methods , Ed. M. Mesilaakso, John Wiley & Sons, 2005. 12.10.2016 Federal Office for Civil Protection FOCP SPIEZ LABORATORY Science for Diplomats 26

Storage & Stability: what is known? Chemistry O S + P N N P O S H S O OH O S N P N N S H O S O S H O OH + S S Cl Cl H O OH O O S H O OH Cl OH O As As As Cl Cl Cl Cl OH OH OH + N N N Cl Cl H O OH H O OH O Chemical Weapons Convention Chemicals Analysis: Sample Collection, Preparation and Analytical Methods , Ed. M. Mesilaakso, John Wiley & Sons, 2005. 12.10.2016 Federal Office for Civil Protection FOCP SPIEZ LABORATORY Science for Diplomats 27

Response to the DG’s request 12.10.2016 Federal Office for Civil Protection FOCP SPIEZ LABORATORY Science for Diplomats 28

Response to the DG’s request • Review of > 180 scientific papers • Questionnaire to Designated Laboratories 12.10.2016 Federal Office for Civil Protection FOCP SPIEZ LABORATORY Science for Diplomats 29

Executive Summary Storage conditions at the OPCW Laboratory RT and 4°C  Always credible analytical results  Depends on many factors!  Hydrolysis, oxidation and polymerisation  Inevitable and natural (weeks to months!)  Reduce time between collection and analysis 12.10.2016 Federal Office for Civil Protection FOCP SPIEZ LABORATORY Science for Diplomats 30

Executive Summary 12.10.2016 Federal Office for Civil Protection FOCP SPIEZ LABORATORY Science for Diplomats 31

Executive Summary 12.10.2016 Federal Office for Civil Protection FOCP SPIEZ LABORATORY Science for Diplomats 32 Recommendations 3 to 8 Type of containers, extracts, biomedical samples, splitting

Executive Summary 12.10.2016 Federal Office for Civil Protection FOCP SPIEZ LABORATORY Science for Diplomats 33 Recommendations 3 to 8 Type of containers, extracts, biomedical samples, splitting

Executive Summary 12.10.2016 Federal Office for Civil Protection FOCP SPIEZ LABORATORY Science for Diplomats 34 Recommendations 3 to 8 Type of containers, extracts, biomedical samples, splitting

Executive Summary 12.10.2016 Federal Office for Civil Protection FOCP SPIEZ LABORATORY Science for Diplomats 35 Recommendations 3 to 8 Type of containers, extracts, biomedical samples, splitting

Executive Summary 12.10.2016 Federal Office for Civil Protection FOCP SPIEZ LABORATORY Science for Diplomats 36 Recommendations 3 to 8 Type of containers, extracts, biomedical samples, splitting

Executive Summary 12.10.2016 Federal Office for Civil Protection FOCP SPIEZ LABORATORY Science for Diplomats 37 Recommendations 3 to 8 Type of containers, extracts, biomedical samples, splitting

Executive Summary  Always credible analytical results  Inevitable and natural (weeks to months!)  Extend ‘‘ life ’’ of original chemical  Chemical forensics 12.10.2016 Federal Office for Civil Protection FOCP SPIEZ LABORATORY Science for Diplomats 38

Conclusion 12.10.2016 Federal Office for Civil Protection FOCP SPIEZ LABORATORY Science for Diplomats 39