BUILDING SAFETY ASSESSMENT FOR RMG SECTOR (FIRE AND ELECTRICAL - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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BUILDING SAFETY ASSESSMENT FOR RMG SECTOR (FIRE AND ELECTRICAL - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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1 BUILDING SAFETY ASSESSMENT FOR RMG SECTOR (FIRE AND ELECTRICAL SAFETY) (FIRE AND ELECTRICAL SAFETY) Bureau of Research, Testing and Consultation Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology (BUET) (BUET) 2 BUILDING SAFETY ASSESSMENT

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(FIRE AND ELECTRICAL SAFETY)

Bureau of Research, Testing and Consultation Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology (BUET) (BUET)

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How fire is generated ?

Heat fluxes in the vicinity of ignition sources (Fuel) Heat fluxes in the vicinity of ignition sources (Fuel) Igniting objects e.g. matches, burning paper & cigarettes, gas burners, etc.

Or

electric spark electric short circuit heating element of electric spark, electric short circuit, heating element of machines or mechanical friction

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Fires in buildings behave differently from outdoor

  • fires. Heat and toxic smoke rise to the ceiling and

g spread outwards and downwards. S k th h i Smoke passes through any space or opening

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Consequence of Fire

CONFLAGRATION

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Fire Hazard (Smoke )

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Heat release rate ( rise of temperature) and generation rates of products of fire ( hazardous smoke ) are governed by : fire initiation within the ignition zone fire initiation within the ignition zone fire propagation rate beyond the ignition zone fire ventilation external heat sources presence or absence of the fire suppression agents Materials:

  • shapes, sizes, and arrangements fire propagation rate

beyond the ignition zone h l

  • chemical natures
  • types of additives mixed in presence of other materials
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( ) During burning heat released is transferred as conductive, convective and radiative heat fluxes from the flame causing rise in temperature. Incomplete combustion generates smoke, CO, hydrocarbons, and other intermediate products, resulting in an increase in non‐thermal hazard (i.e. smoke) smoke)

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Prevention of Fire To save life and property To save life and property

Manage fire exposure: Control fire:

  • Limit exposed
  • Defend exposed
  • Provide safe destination
  • Heat source
  • Source interaction and

ignition Suppress fire:

  • Detect, communicate, respond

Manage fire:

  • Fire movement through

Provide safe destination ignition , , p

  • Apply suppressant

(automatically or manually) g vent, by confinement

  • Structural stability
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Fire safety objective must be to: Fire safety objective must be to:

  • Save life
  • Reduce property damage

May be achieved by:

  • Reduce property damage

Control of initiation of fire Control of propagation of fire and smoke Provide and control proper circulation and safe p p exit of occupants Fire extinguishment

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Control of Initiation of Fire Controlling :

  • Heat source
  • Source interaction and ignition

Checking all electrical wirings and connections as per standards Checking whether all electro‐mechanical systems are installed and maintained according to the standards and as per manufacturers specification

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REMEMBER As garments factories use combustible material which ignite easily and these material which ignite easily and these factories use heat as a part of their production process so fire initiation production process, so fire initiation can not be stopped.

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MANAGE FIRE Control by construction: Through control of propagation of fire and smoke Control by construction:

  • Venting and confinement
  • Structural stability

The main objectives of venting and confinement by design are:

  • f

ili f l f fi b i i di f k

  • to facilitate escape of people from fire by restricting spreading of smoke

and hot gases into escape routes;

  • to facilitate fire fighting by providing easy access to fire fighters in the

building; building;

  • to reduce property damage from fires
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Design the Factory Building to Achieve: Occupant circulation during panic situation due to fire Appropriate relocation of the occupant to the safe areas pp p p Control fire and smoke propagation Proper house keeping provisions

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What is the REAL SITUATION ???

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Floor Plan Floor Plan

3 ENCLOSED STAIRS 3 STAIRS 3 TOILET BLOCKS PRODUCTION FLOOR WITH PACKING WITH PACKING 4 ELEVATORS

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Fire & Electrical Safety Assessment Methodology

  • Analysis of approved building floor plans
  • Raw data collection : measurements, sketches,

photographs, checking as built conditions

  • Analysis

R t

  • Report
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GUIDELINE FOR FIRE AND ELECTRICAL SAFETY VISUAL INSPECTION SAFETY VISUAL INSPECTION

Fire Separation Building Height Factory Identification, Classification for Structural Elements Enclosure Walls Floor Division Occupancy Construction type Hazard type Floor Division Interior Finish Entry Hazard type Horizontal Exits Refuge Areas Stair Case Exit Signage Lift Atrium Vertical Openings Barrier Wall Lift Fire Lift Lift lobby Barrier Wall Ventilation system Basement

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GUIDELINE FOR FIRE AND ELECTRICAL SAFETY VISUAL INSPECTION (Contd ) Detection System Alarm System Detail Electrical wiring SAFETY VISUAL INSPECTION (Contd.) Alarm System Fire Suppression System Detail Electrical wiring Electro‐Mechanical system: Electrical Substation Fire Commend Station Power Generator Natural Gas/LNG/CNG/LPG Fire Commend Station Fire Drill Cooking Facilities

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ASSESSMENT STANDARDS FOR Assessing parameters related to building design, FIRE AND ELECTRICAL SAFETY electrical and electro‐mechanical systems, fire detection and alarm systems, active fire fighting system t b d id d b d L f th l d

  • Fire law

L b d I d t i l l are to be decided based on Laws of the land

  • Labour and Industrial law
  • Bangladesh National Building Code (BNBC)
  • Any other laws applicable for occupancy G2(moderate
  • Any other laws applicable for occupancy G2(moderate

hazard industries)

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WHAT NFPA CLAIMS ? “Notice and disclaimer of liability concerning the use of NFPA documents” “The NFPA also makes no guaranty or warranty as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein”. “L d R l ti “Law and Regulations Users of these documents should consult applicable federal, state, and local laws and regulations. NFPA does not, by the publication of its codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides, intend to urge action that is not in compliance with applicable laws and these documents may not be construed as applicable laws, and these documents may not be construed as doing so”.

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2.12 REQUIREMENTS FOR OCCUPANCY H - STORAGE BUILDINGS (as per BNBC)

2.12.7 Special Hazards

“The storage of hazardous materials shall not exceed the exempt amount as specified in T bl 3 2 7 Th t f d t d l h d t i l h ll b t d t

H STORAGE BUILDINGS (as per BNBC)

Table 3.2.7. The storage of moderate and low hazardous materials shall be separated at least by a two hour fire resistive construction”.

2.1.8 Occupancy H: Storage Buildings

“H2 MODERATE FIRE RISK STORAGE : These shall include any building or portion thereof which is used for storage of materials which do not constitute the d f lf i iti b t hi h i th t f fi ill b ith d t idit danger of self-ignition but which in the event of fire will burn with moderate rapidity, for example, warehouses, godowns or depots containing high fire risk materials, such as paper, textiles, cotton, jute etc., library stack rooms. Items which shall be deemed to render a building hazardous are specified in Sec 2.13.13 part 3 of BNBC along with g p p g the exempted amount for each item…..”

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Table 3.2.7 Exempt Amounts of Hazardous Materials

Material Class/State

Maximum Quantities

  • 5. Liquefied flammable

230 litres

  • 6. Combustible fibres

Loose 2800 litres (2.8m3) 7 Combustible fibres Baled 28 000litres(28m3)

  • 7. Combustible fibres

Baled 28,000litres(28m )

  • 8. Flammable solids

230 kg.

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NFPA 13 NFPA 13 “Chapter 12 Storage 12.2.2.2.2.1 The minimum number of design sprinklers for ordinary hazard and miscellaneous storage in accordance with this standard.. 12 1 2 3 Large drop control mode specific application 12.1.2.3 Large drop, control mode specific application and ESFR sprinklers shall be permitted to protect

  • rdinary hazard, storage of Class I through Class IV
  • rdinary hazard, storage of Class I through Class IV

commodities”.

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New York City Fire Code: Chapter 29 Combustible fibers “Section 2902 Definitions

Combustible fibers. Readily ignitable and free‐burning fibers, such as coca Combustible fibers. Readily ignitable and free burning fibers, such as coca fiber, cotton, hemp, jute, kapok, oakum, sisal, Spanish moss, straw, tow, wastepaper, or other natural or synthetic fibers that possess similar qualities.

Section 2904 (Loose fiber storage) 2904.4 Storage of more than 500 cubic feet to 1000 cubic feet.

Loose combustible fibers in quantities exceeding 500 cubic feet (14 m3) but not exceeding 1,000 cubic feet (28 m3) shall be stored in rooms enclosed with 2‐hour fire‐resistance‐rated fire barriers, with openings protected by an approved opening protected assembly having a fire protection rating of 1½– h d d i d i h h i d i l di hours, and constructed in accordance with the construction codes, including the building code”.

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( ) New York City Fire Code: Chapter 29

“2904.5 Storage of more than 1,000 cubic feet to 2,500 cubic

Combustible fibers (Contd.)

90 5 S o age o

  • e

a ,000 cub c ee

  • ,500 cub c
  • feet. Loose combustible fibers in quantities exceeding 1,000

cubic feet (28 m3) but not exceeding 2,500 cubic feet (70 m3) shall be stored in rooms enclosed with 2 hour fire resistance shall be stored in rooms enclosed with 2‐hour fire‐resistance‐ rated fire barriers, with openings protected by an approved

  • pening protected assembly having a fire protection rating of

1½–hours, and constructed in accordance with the construction codes, including the building code. The storage room shall be protected throughout by a sprinkler system”. p g y p y

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New York City Fire Code: Chapter 29 Combustible fibers (Contd.)

“Section 2905 Baled storage 2905.1 Bale size and separation. Baled combustible fibers shall be limited to 2905.1 Bale size and separation. Baled combustible fibers shall be limited to single blocks or piles not more than 25,000 cubic feet (700 m3) in volume, not including aisles or clearances. Blocks or piles of baled fiber shall be separated from adjacent storage by aisles not less than 5 feet (1524 mm) wide, or by flash‐fire barriers constructed of continuous sheets

  • f

noncombustible material extending from the floor to a minimum height of 1 foot (305 mm) above the highest point of the piles and projecting not less than 1 foot (305 mm) beyond the sides of the piles”.

New York City Code requires NO SPRINKLER for up to 700m3 for Baled storage even though NFPA suggested otherwise BNBC Baled storage even though NFPA suggested otherwise. BNBC requirement is only 28m3.

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(Loose fiber storage)(for combustible fibers)

  • New York City Code requirement

NO SPRINKLER for up to 28m3

  • BNBC requirement

NO SPRINKLER for up to 2.8m3 p

  • NFPA suggested SPRINKLER
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Baled storage (for combustible fibres)

  • New York City Code requires

NO SPRINKLER for up to 700m3

  • BNBC requirement

NO SPRINKLER for up to 28m3 p

  • NFPA suggested SPRINKLER
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THANK YOU THANK YOU