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4/14/2015 Brought To You By: This webcast is sponsored by Corollo Engineers. 1

4/14/2015 Wasted Food to Energy: How Five Water Resource Recovery Facilities are Boosting Biogas Production and the Bottom Line April 15th, 2015 1:00 – 3:00 pm Eastern How to Participate Today • Audio Modes • Listen using Mic & S peakers • Or, select “ Use Telephone” and dial the conference (please remember long distance phone charges apply). • Submit your questions using the Questions pane. • A recording will be available for replay shortly after this webcast. 2

4/14/2015 Welcome! Moderator: S arah Deslauriers, P .E. sdeslauriers@ carollo.com Program Manager, California Wastewater Climate Change Group Chair, WEF Residuals & Biosolids Carbon Resource & Recovery S ubcomittee www.carollo.com Today’s Presentations • Brief overview of Anaerobic Digestion at Water Resource Recovery Facilities (WRRF) • Co-digestion case studies  East Bay Municipal Utilities District, S ophia S koda  Central Marin S anitation Agency, Jason Dow  S heboygan WRRF , S haron Thieszen  West Lafayette, Dave Henderson  Hill Canyon WRRF , Chuck Rogers • Q & A 3

4/14/2015 Overview of anaerobic digestion • Wastewater treatment = 0.8% U.S . electricity use • Electricity is one of the largest $’s for POTWs • WRRFs can be net- producers of energy • 1,238 U.S . WRRFs use anaerobic digestion & 85% beneficially use biogas; 22% generate Biogas to energy proj ect in Birmingham, England electricity (Popular S cience Monthly, March 1922) Managing waste more sustainably Carbon footprint of food waste options MS W by percentage after (WERF , 2012) recycling & composting (U.S . EP A, 2014) 4

4/14/2015 Links to resources • U.S . EP A ’s Food Waste to Energy paper:  www.epa.gov/ region9/ organics/ ad/ epa-600- R-14-240-food-waste-to-energy.pdf • WEF Webcast site:  http:/ / www.wef.org/ WastedFoodtoEnergy/ Sheboygan Regional Wastewater Treatment Facility Sharon Thieszen Superintendent, Sheboygan Regional WWTF 5

4/14/2015 Sheboygan Regional WWTF’s Fifty Shades of Green A Cleaner Ending to a Filthy Waste Sheboygan Regional WWTF • 7 Communities, Western S hore of Lake Michigan • Population 68,000 • 18.4 MGD Average, 56.8 MGD Max • 10 MGD Average Daily Flow • Activated S ludge with Biological P Removal and backup Ferric Chloride Addition • Anaerobic Co-Digestion, Biogas Recovery, and Combined Heat & Power • Liquid S torage of AD Biosolids and Biosolids Drying & S torage • $4.7 Million O&M Budget • 2013 ACEC Engineering Excellence Grand Award - Net Zero Energy 6

4/14/2015 Biogas to Energy 2012 Purchased biogas conditioning equipment 2006 2005 and turbines from Alliant Co-digestion Energy conservation Energy - City recoups all program initiatives & Co-digestion cost savings from biogas increased biogas implemented to energy systems 2006 2010 Partnered with Alliant Energy - Installed additional installed biogas conditioning biogas conditioning and and turbines; turbines; 400 kW, 300 kW, 1MMBtu/ hour heat 1.4MMBtu/ hour heat Initial CHP Generation Project • 10— 30 kW Capstone Turbines • 2 Cain Heat Exchangers • Unison Gas Conditioning • 300 kW Electrical Power • 1 MMBtu per hour heat recovery • Electricity and heat produced is used onsite to Alliant Energy-Wisconsin Power & power equipment and heat Light funded the turbine proj ect and the digesters and plant recovered costs through the sale of buildings in the winter generated electricity to the WWTF 7

4/14/2015 Co-Digestion Program Implemented • Repurposed Existing Unused Digesters • Predominately Dairy Waste • Tanker Trucks 24/ 7 Access • 6000 gal/ load Types of HSW Grease Trap (Industrial) Food Additives Whey Processing Cheese Processing Ethanol Processing Waste Urea 8

4/14/2015 HSW Receiving & Feeding In-line S trainer HS W Unloading HS W Feed Pump R S Second CHP Generation Project • 2— 200 kW Capstone Turbines • 2 Cain Heat Exchangers • Unison Gas Conditioning • 400 kW Electrical Power • 1.4 MMBtu per hour heat recovery • Allowed Beneficial Use of Excess Biogas 9

4/14/2015 Biosolids Storage Requirements • NR 204 Requires 180 day biosolids (winter) storage • Increase in biosolids production attributable to HS W program • 10.08 MG required; 5.96 MG available • Alternatives considered to expand biosolids storage capacity • Minimal additional liquid storage & eliminate HS W receiving program • Large scale liquid storage • Liquid storage & drying Biosolids Process Improvements 10

4/14/2015 10 Years of HSW Program • Process 60,000 gpd High S trength Waste • Biogas Produced: 500,000 ft3/ day • Biogas Quality: 65% Methane • Equipment Installed: 700kW Electrical Generation • Electrical Energy Produced: 5,010,000 kWh annually (2013) • Thermal Energy Produced: 42,000 therms annually (2013) • Energy S avings: $270,000 annually (2013) $0.05/ kwh=$250,000; $0.51/ t herm=$21,000 • CHP Program Produces: 90% Electrical Needs & 85% Heating Requirements Volume HSW & Revenue 25,000,000 $350,000 $300,000 20,000,000 $250,000 15,000,000 $200,000 Gallons VOLUME (GAL) REVENUE ($) $150,000 10,000,000 $100,000 5,000,000 $50,000 0 $- 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 11

4/14/2015 HSW Challenges CAPITAL INVESTMENTS Funding Project Project Cost Assistance City's Cost Co ‐ digestion $75,000 $0 $75,000 $899,000 CHP Phase I $1,200,000 $301,000 Alliant Energy $205,000 CHP Phase II $1,500,000 $1,295,000 Grant Total $2,775,000 $1,104,000 $1,671,000 12

4/14/2015 Competition for HSW 2005 • S heboygan only regional HS W program • Increasing revenue from tipping fees • S ignificant grant money available • Utilized existing tank capacity 2014 – BOD Wars • Multiple POTW co-digestion programs • Multiple agriculture co-digestion programs • Private co-digestion programs • 90% HS W from one supplier • <$100,000 Tipping Fees • Minimal grant money available • S ignificant capital improvements to continue HS W and co- digestion • Offset in energy costs sufficient to fund capital improvements Future of Co-Digestion Program 500,000 450,000 400,000 350,000 300,000 Required Annual 250,000 Revenue (2014$) 200,000 Discont inue HS W Receiving and Elect ricit y Generat ion 150,000 Sustain Exist ing HS W Receiving and Biogas Ut ilizat ion 100,000 Increase HSW Receiving and Biogas Ut ilizat ion 50,000 0 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 Year 13

4/14/2015 Moving Forward Reducing Energy Consumption • Team Effort • Evaluate Energy Consumption • Keep User Rates Low • Continue Path to S ustainability & Being a RES OURCE RECOVER Y F ACILITY S haron Thieszen S uperintendent, S heboygan Regional WWTF sharon.thieszen@ sheboyganwwtp.com (920) 459-3964 East Bay Municipal Utility District Oakland, CA Sophia Skoda Former Resource Recovery Program Manager 14

4/14/2015 EBMUD’s Food Waste Initiative April 15 th , 2015 Presentation Overview • Background • Why Food Waste? • Food Waste Pre-processing • Regulatory Oversight • Next S teps 15

4/14/2015 Background • EBMUD has excess digester capacity  Plant originally designed to accept waste from 20 canneries in the service area  Now there are zero canneries  Capacity to treat 168 million gallons/ day  Average influent flow is 60 million gallons/ day Background: Power Production 16

4/14/2015 Background: Changing Market Conditions • Increasing energy prices • Government subsidies/ incentives for Increased renewable energy initiatives recognition from potential • Political focus on GHGs and competitors of Climate Change the energy value of organic wastes Why Food Waste? • High energy potential • Represents a large percentage of solid waste stream to landfill • Diversion from landfill through food waste digestion • Digestion may be the highest and best use of food waste 1 truck/day will power 260 homes 17

4/14/2015 Why Food Waste? One digester can process ~ 200 ton/day of food waste Digester gas to be converted into renewable energy 200 ton/day of food waste ≈ 2 MW of energy Energy Generation EBMUD Food Waste Pilot History 2005: Begin to accept small amounts of food waste 2006: Reliable acceptance of 20 tons of food waste per week 2011: Contract signed with Recology 2014: Oakland votes to send commercial food waste to EBMUD 18

4/14/2015 Benefits of Food Waste Digestion • Local and sustainable digester feed stock • A renewable energy source  High energy value: 1 truck/ day (i.e. 20 tons/ day) will power 260 homes  Potential renewable energy and greenhouse gas credit opportunities • S upports state goals:  CARB / AB 32 - GHG emission reductions  CPUC and CEC - Renewable Portfolio S tandard  CalRecycle – Zero Waste California Food Waste Challenges • Contaminants – Nature of contamination – Variability in control of the waste stream • Processing technology still evolving • Permitting – No existing regulations fit – Current best fit: Biosolids Composting at POTW 19