Brain and Art Guiomar Niso December 15, 2017 Guiomar Niso | C3GI | - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Brain and Art Guiomar Niso December 15, 2017 Guiomar Niso | C3GI | - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Brain and Art Guiomar Niso December 15, 2017 Guiomar Niso | C3GI | 2017 || Santiago Ramn y Cajal Guiomar Niso | C3GI | 2017 || 2 Santiago Ramn y Cajal Premio Nobel 1906 Guiomar Niso | C3GI | 2017 || 3 Human Brain In the brain

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Guiomar Niso | C3GI | 2017 ||

Brain and Art

Guiomar Niso

December 15, 2017

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Santiago Ramón y Cajal

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Santiago Ramón y Cajal

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Premio Nobel 1906

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Human Brain

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In the brain ~86.000.000.000 interconnected neurons

each with 1000 synaptic connections

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White and Grey Matter

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Wh White te Matter Grey ey Matter

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Brain electric and magnetic fields

sulcus gyrus

Electric&magne tic field

In a cortical column

Maxwell rule of thumb

Electric generates magnetic field

Temporal summation

Post-synaptic potential

Spatial summation

Pyramidal cells dendrites trees in parallel

Neurotransmis sion

Pre- synaptic Post- synaptic

Neuron synapsis

chemical processes result in electrical currents

Pre-synaptic Post-synaptic

(Niso et al. 2013, modified from Fieldtrip video 2013; Cohen 2009)

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  • Scalp
  • Cortex
  • Current dipole
  • Magnetic field
  • Magnetic field outside
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Sensors

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Elekta Elekta Neurom Neuromag

306 channels (102 magnetometers, 204 planar gradiometers)

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Magnetic Fields

MAGNETIC FIELDS 1 ~Tesla MRI systems 10-3 ~mili Tesla Typical refrigerator magnet 10-5 ~micro Tesla Earth’s magnetic field 10-12 ~pico Tesla Human brain

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Magnetoencephalography (MEG)

Magnetically Shielded Room

Auditory Visual Tactile EEG electronics SQUID electronics DSP processing

Video

Micro

STIMULUS COMPUTER AQUISITION COMPUTER

MEG Dewar EEG

Screen

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(Niso et al. 2013)

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Center for Biomedical Technology (CTB)

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Preprocessing

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Raw MEG Filtered and removed blinks and cardiac artifacts

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Brain Signals

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Oscillations

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Rythms of the brain

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(Niso et al. Neuroimage, 2015)

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Source reconstruction

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(Brainstorm, Tadel et al. 2011)

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Brain Connectivity

1 2 3

?

For a comprehensive review on functional and effective connectivity metrics: (Niso et al. Neuroinformatics, 2013)

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Brain Connectivity

Structural

physical connections 2 1

Functional (FC)

relationship bt signals 1 2

Effective (EC)

causal interactions 1 2

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(Niso et al. 2013)

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Synchronization

SYNCHRONIZATION σύν χρόνος

(sin = common, cronos = time)

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Statistics between groups/conditions Functional & Effective Connectivity Signals: Time domain Signals: Frecuency domain

http://hermes.ctb.upm.es (Niso et al. Neuroinformatics, 2013)

HERMES

Integrated toolbox to characterize functional and effective brain connectivity

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Brain Networks

(Park & Friston,Science,2013)

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Wilder Penfield

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Prehistoric Art

Venus of Willendorf ~25,000 BCE

Jiahu gǔdí

~6,000 BCE

Geisenklösterle flute

~40,000 BCE

Saharan petroglyphic

~50,000 BCE

Altamira Bison

~30,000 BCE 22

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Art

Museums Concerts Theathers Dance Performances Films

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Robert Zatorre

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Music Performance

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(Zatorre, Chen & Penhune, Nature Neuroscience, 2007)

auditory–motor interactions in music perception and production

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Musical Imagery

(Herholz, Halpern & Zatorre,2012) 26

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Brain Plasticity

CORTICAL THICKNESS: musicians > non-musicians

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Frontal al Lobes Auditor itory Cortex Mo Motor Cortex

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Pleasure

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Music Reward

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(Salimpoor et al. Science, 2013)

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Music Reward

Interactions Between the Nucleus Accumbens and Auditory Cortices Predict Music Reward Value

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(Salimpoor et al. Science, 2013)

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Modulate Musical Experience

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the Human Prefrontal Cortex Induces Dopamine Release in the Caudate Nucleus

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(Strafella et al. J Neurosci. 2001)

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Modulate Musical Experience

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Aesthetics appreciation

Variety of artistic styles to increase their choice of aesthetic judgment: Abstract art (40) Classic art (40) Impressionist art (40) Postimpressionist art (40) Photographs of landscapes, artifacts, urban scenes (160) Brain functional connectivity dynamics for “beautiful” and “not beautiful”

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Aesthetics appreciation

Aesthetic appreciation relies on the activation of two different networks: An initial aesthetic network: sensu stricto. General appraisal of the aesthetic qualities, visual stimulus “beautiful” or “not beautiful,” is performed very quickly A delayed aesthetic network: sensu lato. Detailed aspects of beauty, interesting or original, how to rate it, reasons, are performed later

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Javier de Felipe

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Neuronal Forest Human Brain Project Cajal Blue Brain

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Dancing

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Dancing

PET: Perform tango steps (involving legs only) (Brown et al. Cerebral Cortex, 2006)

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Dancing

functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS): non-dancers while they performed a dance video game (Tachibana et al. 2011) (Ono et al. 2014)

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Dancing

EEG: dancers who performed movements in three

  • conditions. (Cruz-Garza et al.2014)

Machine learning algorithm that classified movements based on the thought or performed expression. Activation was found in prem emotor tor, , motor, , and parieta tal reg egions

  • ns, and the classification was not

limited by motion artifacts.

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Wireless EEG

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New wirel eless ss EEG systems that allow mobilit ility

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Optical Illusions

MULTISTABILITY The Necker cube and the Rubin vase

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Optical Illusions

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Optical Illusions

Bistable images

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(Parkkonen et al. PNAS, 2008)

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Optical Illusions

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¡MUCHAS GRACIAS!

guiomar.niso@ctb.upm.es