Brain and Art Guiomar Niso December 15, 2017 Guiomar Niso | C3GI | 2017 ||
Santiago Ramón y Cajal Guiomar Niso | C3GI | 2017 || 2
Santiago Ramón y Cajal Premio Nobel 1906 Guiomar Niso | C3GI | 2017 || 3
Human Brain In the brain ~86.000.000.000 interconnected neurons each with 1000 synaptic connections Guiomar Niso | C3GI | 2017 || 4
White and Grey Matter Grey ey Matter Wh White te Matter Guiomar Niso | C3GI | 2017 || 5
Brain electric and magnetic fields gyrus � Scalp � Cortex Current dipole � sulcus � Magnetic field � Magnetic field outside Neurotransmis Neuron Temporal Spatial Maxwell rule of Electric & magne sion synapsis summation summation thumb tic field Pre- synaptic chemical Post-synaptic Pyramidal cells Electric In a cortical Pre-synaptic processes result potential dendrites trees in generates column in electrical parallel magnetic field currents Post- synaptic Post-synaptic Guiomar Niso | C3GI | 2017 || 6 (Niso et al. 2013, modified from Fieldtrip video 2013; Cohen 2009)
Sensors Elekta Elekta Neurom Neuromag 306 channels (102 magnetometers, 204 planar gradiometers) Guiomar Niso | C3GI | 2017 || 7
Magnetic Fields MAGNETIC FIELDS � 1 ~Tesla MRI systems � 10 -3 ~mili Tesla Typical refrigerator magnet � 10 -5 ~micro Tesla Earth’s magnetic field � 10 -12 ~pico Tesla Human brain Guiomar Niso | C3GI | 2017 || 8
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) Magnetically Shielded Room Video SQUID MEG electronics Dewar Micro EEG EEG electronics Auditory Screen Visual DSP processing Tactile AQUISITION STIMULUS COMPUTER COMPUTER (Niso et al. 2013) Guiomar Niso | C3GI | 2017 || 9
Center for Biomedical Technology (CTB) Guiomar Niso | C3GI | 2017 || 10
Preprocessing Filtered and removed blinks and cardiac artifacts Raw MEG Guiomar Niso | C3GI | 2017 || 11
Brain Signals Guiomar Niso | C3GI | 2017 || 12
Oscillations 13 Guiomar Niso | C3GI | 2017 ||
Rythms of the brain (Niso et al. Neuroimage , 2015) Guiomar Niso | C3GI | 2017 || 14
Source reconstruction (Brainstorm, Tadel et al. 2011) Guiomar Niso | C3GI | 2017 || 15
Brain Connectivity 1 ? 2 3 For a comprehensive review on functional and effective connectivity metrics: (Niso et al. Neuroinformatics , 2013) Guiomar Niso | C3GI | 2017 || 16
Brain Connectivity Structural Functional (FC) Effective (EC) physical connections relationship bt signals causal interactions 1 2 1 2 1 2 (Niso et al. 2013) Guiomar Niso | C3GI | 2017 || 17
Synchronization SYNCHRONIZATION σύν χρόνος ( sin = common, cronos = time) Guiomar Niso | C3GI | 2017 || 18
HERMES Integrated toolbox to characterize functional and effective brain connectivity Signals : Time domain Signals : Frecuency domain Functional & Effective Connectivity Statistics between groups/conditions http://hermes.ctb.upm.es (Niso et al. Neuroinformatics , 2013) Guiomar Niso | C3GI | 2017 || 19
Brain Networks (Park & Friston, Science, 2013) Guiomar Niso | C3GI | 2017 ||
Wilder Penfield Guiomar Niso | C3GI | 2017 || 21
Prehistoric Art Saharan petroglyphic Altamira Bison ~50,000 BCE ~30,000 BCE Geisenklösterle flute Venus of Willendorf ~40,000 BCE ~25,000 BCE Jiahu gǔdí ~6,000 BCE Guiomar Niso | C3GI | 2017 || 22
Art Concerts Theathers Museums Films Dance Performances Guiomar Niso | C3GI | 2017 || 23
Robert Zatorre Guiomar Niso | C3GI | 2017 || 24
Music Performance auditory – motor interactions in music perception and production (Zatorre, Chen & Penhune, Nature Neuroscience , 2007) Guiomar Niso | C3GI | 2017 || 25
Musical Imagery (Herholz, Halpern & Zatorre,2012) Guiomar Niso | C3GI | 2017 || 26
Brain Plasticity CORTICAL THICKNESS: musicians > non-musicians Frontal al Lobes Mo Motor Cortex Auditor itory Cortex (Bermudez, Lerch, Evans & Zatorre,2009) Guiomar Niso | C3GI | 2017 || 27
Pleasure (Sescousse et a. 2013) Guiomar Niso | C3GI | 2017 || 28
Music Reward (Salimpoor et al. Science, 2013) Guiomar Niso | C3GI | 2017 || 29
Music Reward Interactions Between the Nucleus Accumbens and Auditory Cortices Predict Music Reward Value (Salimpoor et al. Science, 2013) Guiomar Niso | C3GI | 2017 || 30
Modulate Musical Experience Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the Human Prefrontal Cortex Induces Dopamine Release in the Caudate Nucleus (Strafella et al. J Neurosci. 2001) Guiomar Niso | C3GI | 2017 || 31
Modulate Musical Experience (Mas-Herrero, Dagher & Zatorre, Nature Human Behav. 2017) Guiomar Niso | C3GI | 2017 || 32
Aesthetics appreciation Variety of artistic styles to increase their choice of aesthetic judgment: � Abstract art (40) � Classic art (40) � Impressionist art (40) � Postimpressionist art (40) � Photographs of landscapes, artifacts, urban scenes (160) Brain functional connectivity dynamics for “beautiful” and “not beautiful” (Cela-Conde at al. PNAS, 2013) Guiomar Niso | C3GI | 2017 || 33
Aesthetics appreciation Aesthetic appreciation relies on the activation of two different networks: � An initial aesthetic network: sensu stricto . General appraisal of the aesthetic qualities, visual stimulus “beautiful” or “not beautiful,” is performed very quickly � A delayed aesthetic network: sensu lato . Detailed aspects of beauty, interesting or original, how to rate it, reasons, are performed later (Cela-Conde at al. PNAS, 2013) Guiomar Niso | C3GI | 2017 || 34
Javier de Felipe Neuronal Forest Human Brain Project Cajal Blue Brain Guiomar Niso | C3GI | 2017 || 35
Dancing Guiomar Niso | C3GI | 2017 || 36
Dancing PET : Perform tango steps (involving legs only) (Brown et al. Cerebral Cortex, 2006) Guiomar Niso | C3GI | 2017 || 37
Dancing functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) : non-dancers while they performed a dance video game (Tachibana et al. 2011) (Ono et al. 2014) Guiomar Niso | C3GI | 2017 || 38
Dancing EEG: dancers who performed movements in three conditions. (Cruz-Garza et al.2014) Machine learning algorithm that classified movements based on the thought or performed expression. Activation was found in prem emotor tor, , motor, , and parieta tal reg egions ons, and the classification was not limited by motion artifacts. Guiomar Niso | C3GI | 2017 || 39
Wireless EEG New wirel eless ss EEG systems that allow mobilit ility Guiomar Niso | C3GI | 2017 || 40
Optical Illusions MULTISTABILITY The Necker cube and the Rubin vase Guiomar Niso | C3GI | 2017 || 41
Optical Illusions Guiomar Niso | C3GI | 2017 || 42
Optical Illusions Bistable images (Parkkonen et al. PNAS, 2008) Guiomar Niso | C3GI | 2017 || 43
Optical Illusions Guiomar Niso | C3GI | 2017 || 44
¡MUCHAS GRACIAS! guiomar.niso@ctb.upm.es Guiomar Niso | C3GI | 2017 || 45
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