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BlueScouts: A Scatternet Formation BlueScouts: A Scatternet Formation Protocol Based on Mobile Agents Protocol Based on Mobile Agents Sergio Gonzlez-Valenzuela 1 Son T. Vuong 2 Victor C. M. Leung 1 1 Department of Electrical and Computer

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SLIDE 1

IEEE ASWN 2004, August 10th, 2004

BlueScouts: A Scatternet Formation Protocol Based on Mobile Agents

4th Workshop on Applications and Services in Wireless Networks Boston, Massachusetts, USA August 2004

BlueScouts: A Scatternet Formation Protocol Based on Mobile Agents

Sergio González-Valenzuela1 Son T. Vuong2 Victor C. M. Leung1

1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2Department of Computer Science

The University of British Columbia

Vancouver, Canada

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SLIDE 2

IEEE ASWN 2004, August 10th, 2004

BlueScouts: A Scatternet Formation Protocol Based on Mobile Agents

  • Introduction
  • Scatternet formation through mobile processing
  • BlueScouts: On-demand scatternet formation
  • Simulation results
  • Conclusions

Presentation Outline

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IEEE ASWN 2004, August 10th, 2004

BlueScouts: A Scatternet Formation Protocol Based on Mobile Agents

Introduction

What is Bluetooth?

  • Global standard for short-range wireless communications
  • 10 meters @ 721 Kbps / 3 Mbps (Enhanced Data Rate -

EDR)

  • Enables data and voice communications - WPAN
  • High level of hardware integration & low power

consumption

  • Ideal for PDAs, cell phones, etc.
  • Economic impact: shipping currently estimated at 2 million

Bluetooth-enabled products per week worldwide

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SLIDE 4

IEEE ASWN 2004, August 10th, 2004

BlueScouts: A Scatternet Formation Protocol Based on Mobile Agents

Introduction

Projector Printer Fax Tablet PC PDA2 PDA1 Laptop Computer Internet Access Point Cell Phone IP Phone Piconet 1 Piconet 2 Sample Bluetooth Scatternet

Bluetooth Primitives

  • Bluetooth device discovers

neighbouring devices via inquiry process

  • Devices assume either a

master or slave role. A master handles up to seven slaves in active communications connected in a star-shaped topology - piconet

  • Piconets may be

interconnected via bridges to create a scatternet

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IEEE ASWN 2004, August 10th, 2004

BlueScouts: A Scatternet Formation Protocol Based on Mobile Agents

Introduction

Issues

  • Problem definition: How do we create scatternets efficiently?
  • Several existing proposals: Bluestar, Bluemesh, Bluenet,

Bluetrees, TSFP, SFP, DTC, etc.

  • Assumptions often made by existing SFPs:
  • Synchronous start/operation: Devices are somehow able to

initialize the protocol at the same time, and must wait for partial computations from other devices to proceed with own decisions

  • All BDs must be within radio range of each other
  • Additional BDs cannot join the scatternet at a later time
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IEEE ASWN 2004, August 10th, 2004

BlueScouts: A Scatternet Formation Protocol Based on Mobile Agents

Scatternet Formation Through Mobile Processing

Our proposed solution

  • Limitations of existing approaches attributed to the

communication models they employ

  • We propose a novel mobile agent-based solution
  • Contrary to what existing schemes do, we decouple device

discovery from actual topology formation

  • Eliminates constraints often seen in existing approaches:
  • Protocol runs in a fully asynchronous fashion
  • Absolute radio coverage among all BDs no longer a constraint
  • Scatternet can grow dynamically
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SLIDE 7

IEEE ASWN 2004, August 10th, 2004

BlueScouts: A Scatternet Formation Protocol Based on Mobile Agents

Scatternet Formation Through Mobile Processing

Our proposed solution (cont’d)

  • Employed Wave as our mobile processing implementation

tool to code ‘light-weight’ mobile agents

  • Wave’s key features:
  • An internal mechanism for automated spatial coordination of

mobile agents (Track Layer)

  • An scripting-like language that enables highly compact agent

code, leading to reduced bandwidth consumption

  • External interfacing, enabling the interpreter to utilize existing

resources (e.g. Bluetooth HCI APIs)

  • Other agent platforms can be used, but would require much

more programming to accomplish the same objective

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SLIDE 8

IEEE ASWN 2004, August 10th, 2004

BlueScouts: A Scatternet Formation Protocol Based on Mobile Agents

BlueScouts: On-Demand Scatternet Formation

WI WI Agent Echo E5 Process termination E1 E2 E4 E3 A1 A2 A3 A4 Process start

Agent spreading mechanism Wave agents spread through the existing links in a controlled fashion and recursively signal back the state of the last computation’s outcome (false, done, true, abort), leading up to the further replication of the mobile process or its termination.

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IEEE ASWN 2004, August 10th, 2004

BlueScouts: A Scatternet Formation Protocol Based on Mobile Agents

BlueScouts: On-Demand Scatternet Formation

M S S S S

BlueScouts in action Case 1: A BD is discovered by a master and becomes slave

9 (nothing to do)

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SLIDE 10

IEEE ASWN 2004, August 10th, 2004

BlueScouts: A Scatternet Formation Protocol Based on Mobile Agents

BlueScouts: On-Demand Scatternet Formation

M S S S M

BlueScouts in action Case 2: A BD is discovered by a slave and becomes master. Agents are launched in an attempt to reconfigure the new BD’s role.

S

M S S S M

  • r…

Successful reconfiguration Unsuccessful reconfiguration (a scatternet is formed)

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IEEE ASWN 2004, August 10th, 2004

BlueScouts: A Scatternet Formation Protocol Based on Mobile Agents

M M M M S S S S S S S S S S S S S Piconet 1 Piconet 2 Piconet 3 Piconet 4 M Piconet 5 S

BlueScouts in action Case 3: Agents conduct a coordinated spatial depth-first search over a logical backbone (i.e. excluding leaf nodes) in an attempt to reconfigure the new BD’s role.

BlueScouts: On-Demand Scatternet Formation

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IEEE ASWN 2004, August 10th, 2004

BlueScouts: A Scatternet Formation Protocol Based on Mobile Agents

Simulation Results

Simulation parameters

  • Periodic node arrivals
  • Nodes are uniformly distributed
  • 10, 20 & 40 square meter areas
  • A Wave agent (204 bytes) fits in a single DM5 ACL packet

(224 Bytes)

  • 50 simulation runs per test area
  • Reasonably large scatternets – 200 nodes
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IEEE ASWN 2004, August 10th, 2004

BlueScouts: A Scatternet Formation Protocol Based on Mobile Agents

Simulation Results

Number of piconets probed

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 10 30 50 70 90 1 1 0 1 3 0 1 5 0 1 7 0 1 9 0

Scatternet size (nodes) Piconets probed 10x10 20X20 40X40

Process completion delay

0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 10 30 50 70 90 110 130 150 170 190

Scatternet size (nodes) Delay (sec) 10x10 20x20 40x40

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IEEE ASWN 2004, August 10th, 2004

BlueScouts: A Scatternet Formation Protocol Based on Mobile Agents

Simulation Results

Scatternet diameter

1 10 100 10 30 50 100 200

Scatternet size(nodes) D i a m e t e r 10x10 20x20 40x40 Slave/Master ratio

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 21 41 61 81 101 121 141 161 181

Scatternet size (nodes) S l a v e s p e r m a s t e r 10x10 20x20 40x40

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IEEE ASWN 2004, August 10th, 2004

BlueScouts: A Scatternet Formation Protocol Based on Mobile Agents

Total number of piconets

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 1 11 21 31 41 51 61 71 81 91 101 111 121 131 141 151 161 171 181 191

Scatternet size (nodes) Number of piconets 10x10 20x20 40x40 Consumed bandwidth

5 10 15 20 25 1 0 3 0 5 0 7 0 9 0 110 130 150 170 190

Scatternet size (nodes) Bandwidth (Kilobytes) 10x10 20x20 40x40

Simulation Results

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IEEE ASWN 2004, August 10th, 2004

BlueScouts: A Scatternet Formation Protocol Based on Mobile Agents

Simulation Results

Discussion

  • Changes to the Baseband specification are transparent to
  • ur scheme: agents employ APIs available at the nodes
  • Existing schemes greatly emphasize on results at the

Baseband layer: incompatible performance metrics deem a direct comparison mostly impractical

  • Topology optimality not degraded as scatternets grow:

slaves/master ratio performance is comparable or better

  • Bandwidth consumption very low and linear
  • Security issues attributed to mobile agents are less of a

concern here: the interpreter lives around L3, not L7

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IEEE ASWN 2004, August 10th, 2004

BlueScouts: A Scatternet Formation Protocol Based on Mobile Agents

Conclusions

  • First mobile agent-based scatternet formation protocol (to
  • ur knowledge)
  • Agent approach helps decouple scatternet formation from

device discovery, which greatly facilitates the topology reconfiguration process

  • Agent approach enables fully asynchronous protocol
  • peration and helps to eliminate constraints observed in

existing schemes

  • ‘Programmable’ approach introduces unmatched flexibility

by allowing context-aware topology formation

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IEEE ASWN 2004, August 10th, 2004

BlueScouts: A Scatternet Formation Protocol Based on Mobile Agents

Acknowledgements

This research is supported by the National Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) through grant STPGP 257684, the Canadian Institute for Telecommunications Research (CITR) Network of Centres of Excellence, and the Advanced Systems Institute (ASI) of British Columbia. Thanks to the anonymous reviewers of our paper!

Thank you!