Biofilm Dynamics during Western Sandpiper Northward Migration By: - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Biofilm Dynamics during Western Sandpiper Northward Migration By: - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Biofilm Dynamics during Western Sandpiper Northward Migration By: James Rourke, Hemmera Chris Martin, WorleyParsons Michael Arts & Peter Schnurr, Ryerson University Ron Ydenberg, Simon Fraser University Date: March 13, 2018 Biofilm

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Biofilm Dynamics during Western Sandpiper Northward Migration

By: James Rourke, Hemmera Chris Martin, WorleyParsons Michael Arts & Peter Schnurr, Ryerson University Ron Ydenberg, Simon Fraser University

Date: March 13, 2018

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Biofilm

  • Thin layer (~2 mm) of diatoms, unicellular

eukaryotic algae and cyanobacteria in a polysaccharide matrix (EPS / “snot”)

  • Known to be eaten by a number of shorebird

species

  • Diet variable depending of site and bird species

Roberts Bank: 37-68% daily energy requirements Western Sandpipers (WESA)

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Fraser River Estuary (FRE) & Migration

  • A major stopover site
  • Supports > 1 million shorebirds

annually

  • Western Hemisphere Shorebird

Reserve of hemispheric importance

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Study Area

Mapping date: July 31, 2012 Biofilm distribution = 3.25 km2

Biofilm Distribution and Abundance (Hyperspectral Mapping )

Fatty Acids? Roberts Bank

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Fatty Acids Used by Western Sandpipers during Migration

Source: Egeler and Williams 2000, Egeler et

  • al. 2003

Fatty Acid WESA Total 14:0 5% ~ 52% 16:0 34% 18:0 11% 20:0 <1% 22:0 2% 16:1 11% ~ 43% 18:1 30% 20:1 2% 22:1 <1% 18:2 2% ~ 5% 18:3 <1% 20:4 <1% 20:5 <1% 22:6 <1%

Saturated Fats Monounsaturated Fats Polyunsaturated Fats Omega 3 and 6: <1%

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Objectives

  • 1. Identify the suite of fatty acids present during WESA

northward migration at Roberts Bank

  • 2. Quantify fatty acid abundances and distributions
  • 3. Investigate abiotic factors influencing fatty acid

abundance

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Methods: Study Area

Ecological Importance

  • Globally important ecosystem supporting millions of

resident, migrating and/or wintering birds of over 100 species annually

  • Western Hemisphere Shorebird Reserve (WHSR) of

hemispheric importance, RAMSAR Wetland, 3 NWA

Sampling Design

  • April 18 – May 12,

2016 (Spring Freshet)

  • 7 Monitoring

Stations

  • Salinity
  • Temperature
  • Exposure
  • 6 Surveys
  • Sediment collected

Study Site

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Methods: Biofilm Parameters

Fatty Acids

  • Total Fatty Acids
  • Saturated Fatty Acids (SFA)
  • Monounsaturated Fatty Acids (MUFA)
  • Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA)

Metric: mg Biofilm Parameter / m2 Statistics: GLM, Akaike Information Criteria (AIC)

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Results: Relationship Among Fatty Acids

  • 28 fatty acids were

documented

  • All fatty acids were

documented at all sites on every survey

  • Fatty acids varied together

in abundance

Total PUFA (mg/m2)

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

Total MUFA (mg/m2)

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 r = 0.84 r ² = 0.71 P < 0.001

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Results: Fatty Acid Abundance

Average Total Fatty Acids: 818 ± 323 SD (mg/m2) Composition

  • 39% SFA
  • 36% MUFA
  • 25% PUFA

Fatty Acid Type

Omega 6 Omega 3 Poly Mono Saturated

Average Abundance (mg/m2)

100 200 300 400 500

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Results: Spatial Variation

Fatty Acid Abundance

Differences Among Stations:

  • H,J,X < A,C
  • J,X < I,Y
  • Similar pattern documented

across fatty acids

  • SFA, MUFA, PUFA were

produced across the salinity gradient under all abiotic conditions

Stations

H I X J Y A C

Average Abundance (mg/m2)

200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

Total Fatty Acid Abundance

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Results: Factors Affecting Biofilm

Five Environmental Factors

  • Water Salinity: High and Low
  • Water Temperature: High and Low
  • Percent Time Mudflats Exposed

Total Fatty Acids Abundance: Relative Importance of Variable

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Results: Environmental Factors

Environmental Factors Biofilm parameter Percent Time Mudflats Exposed Low Salinity High Salinity Low Temperature High Temperature Total Fatty Acid 0.88 0.41 0.20 0.20 0.18 Total SFA 0.92 0.32 0.22 0.19 0.19 Total MUFA 0.92 0.34 0.20 0.20 0.18 Total PUFA 0.34 0.76 0.31 0.21 0.21

Relative Importance of Variables to Influence Fatty Acid Abundance

Monounsaturated & Saturated Fatty Acids

  • Tidal Cycle / Lunar Cycle

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

  • Annual Spring Freshet
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WESA Usage – Northward Migration

Western Sandpipers?

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Biofilm Fatty Acid Conclusions

  • A diverse suite of 28 fatty acids is available across Roberts

Bank during WESA migration

  • SFA/MUFA/PUFA were produced under all abiotic conditions

and were highly inter-correlated

  • Comparable (total = 800-1100 mg/m2) SFA, MUFA, PUFA levels

were found under all salinity conditions

  • Fatty acid composition: 39% SFA, 36% MUFA, 25% PUFA
  • Environmental factors indicates a consistent supply of fatty

acids are available to foraging sandpipers

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SLIDE 16

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Thank you. Questions?

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