Biodiversity & Reduced Impact Logging: y p gg g The Sabah - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Biodiversity & Reduced Impact Logging: y p gg g The Sabah Forestry Department Experience

Y.F. Lee, Anuar M.、A. Y. C. Chung ＆ E. Khoo

Forest Research Centre Forestry Department, Sabah, Malaysia

C t t Contents

Sustainable forest management (SFM) in

l general

Reduced impact logging （RIL) as a tool

• p

gg g （ ) for SFM

S

lt f h RIL

Some results of research on RIL Ongoing research for refinement of RIL

g g

Conclusions

Definition of sustainable forest management (SFM)

ITTO: “Th f f l d “The process of managing permanent forest land to achieve one or more clearly specified objectives of h d h d f management with regard to the production of a continuous flow of desired forest products and h d d h services without undue reduction in its inherent values and future productivity and without ｕｎｄｕｅ id bl ff h h i l d i l considerable effects on the physical and social environment“

FOREST RESERVES AND OTHER FOREST LAND IN SABAH

Classification of forested areas in Sabah

No. Forest types Area (ha) 1 Forest Reserves 3 594 516 1. Forest Reserves 3,594,516 2. Plantation forests 150,492 , 3. Parks (under Sabah Parks) 245,172 4. Other forested areas (State 429,820 land, forests allocated for plantation forests, rehabilitated forests) rehabilitated forests) TOTAL 4,420,000

SUSTAI NABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT I N DERAMAKOT FOREST RESERVE

Deramakot Forest Reserve (55,000 Ha) Deramakot Forest Reserve (55,000 Ha)

Forest management practices in Deram akot F R h b d b SGS Forest Reserve have been assessed by SGS under the QUALIFOR programme and certified by Forest Steward Council as a by Forest Steward Council as a

w ell-m anaged forest

in July 1997. The certificate is valid until 2008

CONDITIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE FOREST CONDITIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT IN SABAH

• 1. Adequate provisions for planning procedures,

implementing guidelines and monitoring task at different levels, i.e. forestry sector, forest management unit and levels, i.e. forestry sector, forest management unit and compartment 2 A forest management plan for a ten ear period that

• 2. A forest management plan for a ten year period that

incorporates multiple-use forest management concept and supported by various studies.

• 3. Management criteria to categorize major functions of the

forest in preparation of forest management plan. forest in preparation of forest management plan.

• 4. Comprehensive resource inventory to determine the

quantities and qualities of timber stocking quantities and qualities of timber stocking.

CONDITIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT IN SABAH

5 S i tifi ll b k d th d l i th Di t

• 5. Scientifically backed growth models, i.e. the Dipterocarp

Simulation Model (DIPSIM) to determine the annual allowable cut (AAC). ( )

• 6. Subdivision into operational compartments at the size of

300 600 h h f hi h i i d ifi f ti 300-600 ha, each of which is assigned specific functions.

• 7. Annual Work Plan and Comprehensive Harvesting Plan
• 7. Annual Work Plan and Comprehensive Harvesting Plan

(CHP) prepared at the compartment level.

CONDITIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT IN SABAH MANAGEMENT IN SABAH

• 8. Environmentally friendly harvesting system, such as

Reduced Impact Logging and Skyline Yarding. 9 Well defined technical guidelines and specifications for

• 9. Well defined technical guidelines and specifications for

both harvesting systems as well as other forest activities such as rehabilitation and silvicultuｒａｌ ｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎ ｔ. 10 Areas high conservation values (e g high in biodiversity

• 10. Areas high conservation values (e.g. high in biodiversity,

endemism, important watershed) will be identified from the Comprehensive Harvesting Plan and will be set aside as p g protected areas.

Major components of forest

M Pl i M j

j p management system in Sabah

Management level Planning period Major components St t 10 20

• Forest policy

L i l i State 10-20 years

• Legislation
• Forest sector plan

F t 5 10

• Resource assessment (e.g. inventories)

F i ( i d i Forest Management Unit (FMU) 5-10 years

• Forest zoning (conservation, production,

community, recreation areas)

• Yield regulation (annual allowable cut)

Compartment Annual

• Silviculture
• Harvesting
• Non timber products
• Non-timber products
• Resource accounting：ｉｎｐｕｔ ＆

ｏｕｔｐｕｔ

Some management criteria used in categorizing the major functions of forests j

Category Management criteria Production

• Areas for timber production confined to flat areas

p and moderately steep slopes of <25 degrees

• Industrial tree plantation may be recommended in

poorly stocked or severely degraded areas p y y g Conservation

• Priority on areas which are of steep slopes (>25

degrees)

• Critical water catchment areas to protect the water

Critical water catchment areas to protect the water resources and to prevent soil erosion

• Forest area <25 degrees (for conservation of

wildlife) wildlife) Recreation

• Areas with natural esthetic values e.g. waterfalls,

scenic view, etc. that have potential for recreation and ecotourism development and ecotourism development Community forestry

• Areas adjacent to human settlements
• Areas suitable for traditional community land-use,

for example rattan production damar (resin) and for example rattan production, damar (resin) and honey collection

Steps in Reduced Impact Logging (RIL) Steps in Reduced Impact Logging (RIL)

i. Pre-harvest operation

Comprehensive harvesting plan Detailed road planning & marking Tree marking & directional felling marking

Steps in Reduced Impact Logging (RIL) Steps in Reduced Impact Logging (RIL)

• ii. Harvesting operation

Construction of road, bridge, opening of main skid trails, directional felling and log skidding. Construction of all harvesting infrastructure is in accordance with h ifi i l id d i h RIL id li the specification laid down in the RIL guidelines.

• iii. Post-harvest operation

Cross drain installation bridge and culvert removal and landing Cross drain installation, bridge and culvert removal and landing （temporary log storage area） reshaping.

REDUCED IMPACT LOGGING (RIL) VS CONVENTIONAL LOGGING

Pinard, Putz, Tay & Sullivan (1995)

y ( ) Reduction of damage to soil and residual trees up to 50% Preliminary Studies by Lohuji & Martin (2001) (%the total harvested area): ( ) Skid trails only occupied about 3 - 4% Feeder roads covered about 1.2% Landings covered about 0.7%

REDUCED IMPACT LOGGING (RIL) VS CONVENTIONAL LOGGING

Eltz and Bruhl (2001): no clear relationship b t th it f th f t di t b between the severity of the forest disturbance and the magnitude of the effect on stingless bee and ant communities and ant communities

• Mohd. Fairus (2000): diversity indices on

butterflies decreased in more disturbed butterflies decreased in more disturbed habitats

Chey( 2002): Moth diversity was higher in the Chey( 2002): Moth diversity was higher in the lightly logged sites; more individuals but fewer species in the heavily logged area species in the heavily logged area

RIL Research Programme funded by RIL Research Programme funded by Malaysian Government

• 1. The effects of different cutting limits on timber

yield, residual stand damage and regeneration in l l d di f a lowland dipterocarp forest Januarius Gobilik & Robert Ong

• 2. The effects of different cutting limits and slopes
• n stream river water quality and quantity

S i S li Samin Salim

• 3. The impact of forest harvesting on soil and leaf-

p g litter beetle assemblage Arthur Chung

RIL Research Programme funded by RIL Research Programme funded by Malaysian Government

4.The effect of forest harvesting at different slope on soil erosion Jupiri Titin 5 Quantification of nutrient loss under reduced

• 5. Quantification of nutrient loss under reduced

impact logging Noreen Majalap

• 6. Wood quality in relation to diameter sizes of trees

and hill slopes and hill slopes James Josue & Zamrie Imiyabir

Centre for Ecological Research, Kyoto University Disturbance and Recovery of Tropical Forests

Sustainability of biomass and floristic composition in Sustainability of biomass and floristic composition in

Reduced-Impact Logged (RIL) forests

Dr Tatsuyuki Seino (Kyoto University) Dr Tatsuyuki Seino (Kyoto University) Dr Shin-ichiro Aiba (Kagoshima University) Dr Masaaki Takyu (Tokyo University of Agriculture)

• Prof. Kanehiro Kitayama (Kyoto University)
• Mr. Robert Ong (FRC)
• Mr. John Sugau (FRC)

C i l i f h i l b

Comparative analysis of the nutrient loss between a

lightly logged versus an intensively logged forest in the Deramakot Forest Reserve Deramakot Forest Reserve

• Prof. Kanehiro Kitayama (Kyoto University)

Dr Noreen Majalap (FRC) j p ( )

• Mr. Jupiri Titin (FRC)

Centre for Ecological Research, Kyoto University Disturbance and Recovery of Tropical Forests

Effect of forest management on the diversity and

g y community structure of the soil fauna in the Deramakot Forest Reserve

Dr Masamichi Ito (Yokohama National University)

• Prof. Motohiro Hasegawa (Kiso Experiment Station, FFPRI)

Dr Arthur Y. C. Chung (FRC)

Assessment of forest-use impact on insect biodiversity in

tropical lowland rain forests of Sabah

• Prof. Masanori J. Toda (Hokkaido University)
• Mr. Kosuke Akutsu (Hokkaido University)

Dr Chey Vun Khen (FRC)

A study on the abundance of seed dispersing animals and

its effects on forest ecosystems

• Ms. Rina Kotte (Tokyo University)
• Mr. Reuben Nilus (FRC)

Centre for Ecological Research, Kyoto University Disturbance and Recovery of Tropical Forests

Study on the ecology of ground herbivores and their role

in tropical forest ecosystem: Check of ground herbivores by camera trap and direct observation in Deramakot by camera trap and direct observation in Deramakot

Dr Hisashi Matsubayashi (Kyoto University)

• Mr. Joseph Tangah (FRC)

p g ( )

• Mr. Julius Kodoh (FRC)

Economic evaluation on forest ecosystem under different

y utilization

• Prof. Hiroshi Hasegawa (Hiroshima Shudo University)
• Mr. Anuar Mohammad (FRC)

C l i Conclusions

• 1. Holistic approach in managing the entire forest

ecosystem: goal of forest management ecosystem: goal of forest management

• 2. Full adoption of this holistic approach, encompassing
• 2. Full adoption of this holistic approach, encompassing

sustainable forest management and reduced impact logging practice, in Deramakot Forest Reserve logging practice, in Deramakot Forest Reserve

C l i Conclusions

• 3. Long-term approach ensures the environmental,

social and economic benefits of the forests will be sustained.

• 4. Many gaps in the understanding of biodiversity in

forests subjected to different degree of j g

• disturbance. Ongoing studies on biodiversity in

Sabah will fill some of these gaps and further g p enhance forest management in Sabah.

Th k Th k Thank you Thank you

Sabah Forestry Department Website: http://www.sabah.gov.my/htan/