Prologue Beyond the Asymmetric Turing Test Beyond the Asymmetric Turing Test Fintan Mallory Rethinking, Reworking and Revolutionising The Turing Test August 1, 2019
Prologue Beyond the Asymmetric Turing Test Prologue Wittgenstein: Turing thinks that he and I are using the word ‘experiment’ in two different ways. But I want to show that this is wrong. That is to say, I think that if I could make myself quite clear, then Turing would give up saying that in mathematics we make experiments. If I could arrange in their proper order certain well- known facts, then it would become clear that Turing and I are not using the word ‘experiment’ differently.
Prologue Beyond the Asymmetric Turing Test Prologue Wittgenstein: Turing thinks that he and I are using the word ‘experiment’ in two different ways. But I want to show that this is wrong. That is to say, I think that if I could make myself quite clear, then Turing would give up saying that in mathematics we make experiments. If I could arrange in their proper order certain well- known facts, then it would become clear that Turing and I are not using the word ‘experiment’ differently. Turing: I see your point
Prologue Beyond the Asymmetric Turing Test Prologue Wittgenstein: Turing thinks that he and I are using the word ‘experiment’ in two different ways. But I want to show that this is wrong. That is to say, I think that if I could make myself quite clear, then Turing would give up saying that in mathematics we make experiments. If I could arrange in their proper order certain well- known facts, then it would become clear that Turing and I are not using the word ‘experiment’ differently. Turing: I see your point Wittgenstein: I have no point. If you want to interpret the word ‘experiment’ in a wider sense, then by all means do so. And let us see whether what I have been saying may not be false.
Prologue Beyond the Asymmetric Turing Test Types of Test Litmus Test Identify the presence or absence of a property Shibboleth Test Identify if the candidate is one of us
Prologue Beyond the Asymmetric Turing Test Turing’s Paradigm Not a litmus test ‘The original question ’Can machines think?’ I believe to be too meaningless to deserve discussion.’ Prediction about usage ‘I believe that at the end of the century the use of words and general educated opinion will have altered so much that one will be able to speak of machines thinking without expecting to be contradicted.’
Prologue Beyond the Asymmetric Turing Test What is Tested? The Standard Turing Test doesn’t test for mindedness but like-mindedness
Prologue Beyond the Asymmetric Turing Test What is Tested? The Standard Turing Test doesn’t test for mindedness but like-mindedness The recognition of like-mindedness
Prologue Beyond the Asymmetric Turing Test What is Tested? The Standard Turing Test doesn’t test for mindedness but like-mindedness The recognition of like-mindedness This isn’t a simple response-dependent property
Prologue Beyond the Asymmetric Turing Test A dialectical tension in the Turing paradigm Working assumption: Intelligence manifests itself in the ability to distinguish participants
Prologue Beyond the Asymmetric Turing Test A dialectical tension in the Turing paradigm Working assumption: Intelligence manifests itself in the ability to distinguish participants Working method: Test for intelligence measures ability to present oneself as intelligent rather than assess intelligence
Prologue Beyond the Asymmetric Turing Test A dialectical tension in the Turing paradigm Working assumption: Intelligence manifests itself in the ability to distinguish participants Working method: Test for intelligence measures ability to present oneself as intelligent rather than assess intelligence Classic objection: Test cannot identify reflexive intelligence (self-consciousness)
Prologue Beyond the Asymmetric Turing Test A dialectical tension in the Turing paradigm Working assumption: Intelligence manifests itself in the ability to distinguish participants Working method: Test for intelligence measures ability to present oneself as intelligent rather than assess intelligence Classic objection: Test cannot identify reflexive intelligence (self-consciousness) Proposal: Take Like-Mindedness seriously! Like-mindedness is an equivalence relation., i.e. it is symmetric, transitive and reflexive
Prologue Beyond the Asymmetric Turing Test Symmetry Symmetry Rxy → Ryx
Prologue Beyond the Asymmetric Turing Test Symmetry Symmetry Rxy → Ryx CAPTCHAS ’Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart’ are unintelligent (and discriminatory in the pejorative sense)
Prologue Beyond the Asymmetric Turing Test Symmetry Symmetry Rxy → Ryx CAPTCHAS ’Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart’ are unintelligent (and discriminatory in the pejorative sense) Why this matters: Pride condition If you can’t recognise me as intelligent, I won’t recognise you as intelligent
Prologue Beyond the Asymmetric Turing Test Transitivity Transitivity Rxy ∧ Ryz → Rxz
Prologue Beyond the Asymmetric Turing Test Transitivity Transitivity Rxy ∧ Ryz → Rxz CATS Cats are dumb. Cute - yes - but very stupid
Prologue Beyond the Asymmetric Turing Test Transitivity Transitivity Rxy ∧ Ryz → Rxz CATS Cats are dumb. Cute - yes - but very stupid Why this matters: Trust condition If I recognise you as intelligent, then I recognise your ability to recognise others as intelligent
Prologue Beyond the Asymmetric Turing Test Reflexivity Reflexivity Rxx
Prologue Beyond the Asymmetric Turing Test Reflexivity Reflexivity Rxx The rabbit in the hat If a relation over a set is transitive and symmetric, then it is reflexive
Prologue Beyond the Asymmetric Turing Test Reflexivity Reflexivity Rxx The rabbit in the hat If a relation over a set is transitive and symmetric, then it is reflexive Issues 1. Shift-reflexivity: Rxy → Ryy 2. ‘Self-consciousness exists in itself and for itself, in that, and by the fact that it exists for another self-consciousness; that is to say, it is only by being acknowledged or recognized.’ 3. Self-consciousness is an advantage in the Turing Test anyway
Prologue Beyond the Asymmetric Turing Test The Turing Games 1 Judges compete
Prologue Beyond the Asymmetric Turing Test The Turing Games 1 Judges compete 2 Round-Robin format
Prologue Beyond the Asymmetric Turing Test The Turing Games 1 Judges compete 2 Round-Robin format 3 Two conversations per pairing
Prologue Beyond the Asymmetric Turing Test The Turing Games 1 Judges compete 2 Round-Robin format 3 Two conversations per pairing 4 Private-Individual conversations
Prologue Beyond the Asymmetric Turing Test The Turing Games 1 Judges compete 2 Round-Robin format 3 Two conversations per pairing 4 Private-Individual conversations 5 Chicanery and deception encouraged
Prologue Beyond the Asymmetric Turing Test The Turing Games 1 Judges compete 2 Round-Robin format 3 Two conversations per pairing 4 Private-Individual conversations 5 Chicanery and deception encouraged 6 Graph of recognition produced
Prologue Beyond the Asymmetric Turing Test Failure cases Symmetry A judges B as human but B does not judge A as human Transitivity A judges B as human, B judges C as human but A does not judge C as human
Prologue Beyond the Asymmetric Turing Test Virtues A stronger but tractable test for A.I. research It integrates several areas of current research
Prologue Beyond the Asymmetric Turing Test Virtues A stronger but tractable test for A.I. research It integrates several areas of current research A better thought experiment A machine that passed this would be de facto one of us
Prologue Beyond the Asymmetric Turing Test Virtues A stronger but tractable test for A.I. research It integrates several areas of current research A better thought experiment A machine that passed this would be de facto one of us Connection to the evolution of intelligence Human intelligence evolved in a social context of shifting and signalling affiliation (see Searcy & Nowicki, 2005, McNally & Jackson, 2013)
Prologue Beyond the Asymmetric Turing Test Vices Too hard? The test is difficult to pass but easier than the Total Turing Test
Prologue Beyond the Asymmetric Turing Test Vices Too hard? The test is difficult to pass but easier than the Total Turing Test Recognition is not an equivalence relation The algebra of human interaction is a complex structure
Prologue Beyond the Asymmetric Turing Test Vices Too hard? The test is difficult to pass but easier than the Total Turing Test Recognition is not an equivalence relation The algebra of human interaction is a complex structure Reflexivity � = self-consciousness There may be other pre-linguistic recognition relations [Le regard]
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