Best Practices on Handling & Best Practices on Handling & - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Best Practices on Handling & Managing MTBE Best Practices on Handling & Managing MTBE

• 2004. 11. 3.

Energy R&D Center SK Corporation

CONTENTS

II II MTBE Balance in Korea I I Feasibility Study III III II II MTBE Production/Use in SK MTBE Effect on Environment MTBE for Gasoline Blending VII VII Feasibility Study Conclusion SK Handling Practice Practices in Other Countries VI VI IV IV V V

• I. MTBE Balance in Korea
• Recent Supply/Demand

Recent Supply/Demand

• Production Capacity (2003)

Production Capacity (2003)

Unit: 1000M/T, % Unit: 1000M/T, % 200 170 100 100 100 57 50 100 150 200 250

SK 여천 NCC LG MMA LG Caltex Hyund Dai S-Oil

Unit: 1000M/T Unit: 1000M/T 2001 2002 2003 Change, % Production 760 740 710 ∇ 4.1 Import 21 12 ∇ 42.9 Total Supply 760 761 722 ∇ 5.1 Domestic 650 640 690 7.8 Export 106 113 35 ∇ 69.0 Total Demand 756 753 725 ∇ 3.7

• I. MTBE Balance in Korea
• MTBE are used in

MTBE are used in

• SK, LG

SK, LG-

• Caltex

Caltex: : Gasoline Blending Gasoline Blending

• LG MMA:

LG MMA: MMA MMA (Methyl (Methyl Methacrylate Methacrylate) Feedstock ) Feedstock

• YeoCheon

YeoCheon NCC, Hyundai: Supply for Domestic/Export Market NCC, Hyundai: Supply for Domestic/Export Market

Gasoline, 78 MMA, 20 Anti- Oxidizer, 2

Unit: % Unit: %

• II. MTBE Production/Use in SK
• Two MTBE plants with the separate feedstock source are operated

Two MTBE plants with the separate feedstock source are operated No.1 No.1 MTBE MTBE NCC/NEP NCC/NEP BEU BEU

Naphtha Naphtha Raw C4 Raw C4 BBR BBR-

• 1

1 MTBE MTBE Methanol Methanol

No.2 No.2 MTBE MTBE RFCC RFCC C3/C4 C3/C4 Splitter Splitter

Resid Resid Feed Mixed Mixed LPG LPG Mixed C4 Mixed C4 MTBE MTBE Feed Methanol Methanol

• II. MTBE Production/Use in SK
• All of MTBE from each unit are

All of MTBE from each unit are blended to Gasoline blended to Gasoline Products Products

MTBE MTBE Tank Tank Gasoline Gasoline Tank Tank

Blender Blender

Blending Stock Blending ratio, % Butane ~4 Pentane ~6 Raffinate ~21 LSR ~6 MTBE 8~10 LCN ~53 Reformate ~1 Alkylate ~4 Hvy Aro. ~6 Toluene ~2

Blending Blending Stock Stock

• III. MTBE in Gasoline Blending
• In Korea, Oxygenate requirement in gasoline was legislated in 1

In Korea, Oxygenate requirement in gasoline was legislated in 1993, 993, which made MTBE widely used as the gasoline blending stock which made MTBE widely used as the gasoline blending stock

• MTBE has the

MTBE has the economical and environmental advantages economical and environmental advantages compared with other oxygenate such as Ethanol compared with other oxygenate such as Ethanol

• High Octane Number

High Octane Number → → Prevent Knocking Prevent Knocking

• Oxygen helps combustion

Oxygen helps combustion → → Reduce CO, PM Reduce CO, PM

• Reduce VOC

Reduce VOC → → Prevent Ozone Increase Prevent Ozone Increase

• MTBE is balanced in supply/demand while Ethanol is import

MTBE is balanced in supply/demand while Ethanol is import position in Korea position in Korea

• III. MTBE in Gasoline Blending
• MTBE vs. OTHER GASOLINE COMPONENTS

Gasoline Components Volatility Sulfur Olefins Benzene Aromatics average all regions) (R+M/2) (RVP psi) (ppm) (%) (%) (%) Lower Octanes Raffinate 55 4 LSR Naphtha 67 12 125 1 1 8 FCC Naphtha 86 7 350 28 1 28 Hydrocrackate 81 12 10 0.2 3 Higher Octanes Alkylates 92 6 15 Normal Butane 92 52 Reformate 93 5 10 2 65 Ethanol 114 20 MTBE 110 8 0% - 15% 4% - 9% Octane Level Air Quality Factors Toxic Factors Typical Percent Used in Gasoline Blends 36% - 43%

GASOLINE BLENDING PROPERTIES

Improve Air Quality Reduce Toxins Raise Octane 0% - 1% 1% - 3% 3% - 5% 27% - 34% 3% - 10% 0% - 3%

• III. MTBE in Gasoline Blending
• MTBE vs. OTHER GASOLINE COMPONENTS

2 4 6 8 10

M T B E E t h a n

• l

E T B E C 1 C 2 C 3 C 4 C 5 C 6 C 7 C 8 C 9 C 1 MIR, mg Ozone/mg TOG

Olefins Aromatics Paraffins

Number of Carbon Atoms

MTBE is less likely to form Ozone than most gasoline components

• IV. MTBE Effect on Environment
• Is MTBE contamination of drinking water widespread or Growing?

Is MTBE contamination of drinking water widespread or Growing?

• MTBE is

MTBE is not detected in most drinking water not detected in most drinking water sources (<1% in sources (<1% in California) California)

• MTBE detections are

MTBE detections are not increasing over time not increasing over time (new sources are (new sources are declining) declining)

• MTBE is

MTBE is not consistently detected in same not consistently detected in same drinking water drinking water source source

• Historic detections of MTBE have been driven by surface water

Historic detections of MTBE have been driven by surface water source source

• From Hart World Fuels Conference (2002):

From Hart World Fuels Conference (2002): “ “MTBE: Is it really a concern for MTBE: Is it really a concern for drinking water in the united state? drinking water in the united state?” ”

• IV. MTBE Effect on Environment
• Is MTBE clearly proven to cause cancer?

Is MTBE clearly proven to cause cancer?

• European Classification and Labelling ; Not listed as

European Classification and Labelling ; Not listed as carcinogenic carcinogenic

• European Risk Assessment; MTBE not a threat to human

European Risk Assessment; MTBE not a threat to human health, but there is a risk for Ground Water contamination health, but there is a risk for Ground Water contamination

• IARC: GROUP 3 ; not classifiable as to its

IARC: GROUP 3 ; not classifiable as to its carcinogenity carcinogenity ( group 3 ... caffeine, talk powder ( group 3 ... caffeine, talk powder … ….) .)

• US National Toxicological Program: not included as a material

US National Toxicological Program: not included as a material to be reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen. to be reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.

• California Pro.65 Committee: not considered as a carcinogenic

California Pro.65 Committee: not considered as a carcinogenic

• r reproductive hazard.
• r reproductive hazard.
• ECETOC : not carcinogenic according to EU Dangerous

ECETOC : not carcinogenic according to EU Dangerous Substances Directive 67/548/EC Substances Directive 67/548/EC

• NIEHS : declines to list MTBE as cancer causing

NIEHS : declines to list MTBE as cancer causing

• IV. MTBE Effect on Environment
• Is MTBE more harmful than other drinking water contaminants fro

Is MTBE more harmful than other drinking water contaminants from m VOCs VOCs? ?

• In USA, many contaminants including

In USA, many contaminants including VOCs VOCs are commonly are commonly found found in drinking water in drinking water

• Theses are often detected

Theses are often detected at greater concentration than MTBE at greater concentration than MTBE (Some even exceed regulatory standards) (Some even exceed regulatory standards)

• Most

Most VOCs VOCs are are more toxic than MTBE more toxic than MTBE and include known or and include known or possible human carcinogens possible human carcinogens

• It is important to handle and manage to minimize the

It is important to handle and manage to minimize the environmental effect rather than forced banning environmental effect rather than forced banning

• IV. SK’s Practice about MTBE
• Ulsan

Ulsan Complex Complex

• 3 Tanks are used for MTBE Storage

3 Tanks are used for MTBE Storage

• All of them were modified or constructed

All of them were modified or constructed to prevent water to prevent water contamination and leakage to the environments contamination and leakage to the environments

• CRT/FRT Type

CRT/FRT Type → → IFRT Type IFRT Type

• Double

Double-

• sealed the pump and line connection

sealed the pump and line connection

• Before open the tank for maintenance, all the remained MTBE

Before open the tank for maintenance, all the remained MTBE in the tank and line are removed by vacuum car and in the tank and line are removed by vacuum car and burned out burned out in stead of mixing to waste pool in stead of mixing to waste pool

• Strengthen the regular inspection

Strengthen the regular inspection of MTBE leakage including

• f MTBE leakage including
• ther
• ther VOCs

VOCs

• IV. SK Practice about MTBE
• Service Station

Service Station

• Plan to pre

Plan to pre-

• study the MTBE effect on the soil and ground water

study the MTBE effect on the soil and ground water

• Plan to set

Plan to set-

• up the monitoring system

up the monitoring system

• SK is trying to set

SK is trying to set-

• up the master plan in order to protect the

up the master plan in order to protect the environment of environment of Ulsan Ulsan CLX and service station CLX and service station

• V. Practices in Other Countries
• Regulation on UST and Associated Equipment

Regulation on UST and Associated Equipment in Europe in Europe

• Establish the

Establish the standards for tanks standards for tanks

• Modify to

Modify to corrosion corrosion-

• resistant

resistant material or material or protective coating protective coating

• Install a

Install a monitoring system for the detection of leaks monitoring system for the detection of leaks with with

• ptical or sound alarm
• ptical or sound alarm
• Prevent overfilling

Prevent overfilling: A safety device that the feed is cut when : A safety device that the feed is cut when the tank is 98% full the tank is 98% full

• Install the oil/water trap to collect any residue

Install the oil/water trap to collect any residue

• Double

Double-

• walled system

walled system with leak control, non with leak control, non-

• return valves to

return valves to suction pipes suction pipes

*UST: Underground Storage Tank *UST: Underground Storage Tank

• V. Practices in Other Countries
• Regulation on UST and Associated Equipment

Regulation on UST and Associated Equipment in Europe in Europe (Continued) (Continued)

• Mandatory double

Mandatory double-

• wall construction of the tank (Finland)

wall construction of the tank (Finland)

• Space between the two walls must be filled with either a gas or

Space between the two walls must be filled with either a gas or an anti an anti-

• freeze agent (Luxembourg)

freeze agent (Luxembourg)

• Set up the gasoline storage safety zone: minimum 2m with fillin

Set up the gasoline storage safety zone: minimum 2m with filling g station, minimum 10m with public buildings (Portugal) station, minimum 10m with public buildings (Portugal)

• Management of UST and Associated Equipment

Management of UST and Associated Equipment in Europe in Europe

• Leak detection systems, separators, pipes and joints must be

Leak detection systems, separators, pipes and joints must be checked every five years checked every five years

• Decommissioned UST systems must be removed after complete

Decommissioned UST systems must be removed after complete emptying emptying

• From A Report to European Commision(2001):

From A Report to European Commision(2001): “ “MTBE and the Requirements for MTBE and the Requirements for Underground Storage Tank Construction and Operation in Member St Underground Storage Tank Construction and Operation in Member States ates” ”

• V. Practices in Other Countries
• USA

USA

• Federal law requires that as of December 22, 1998, all

Federal law requires that as of December 22, 1998, all underground storage tank (UST) systems must include corrosion, underground storage tank (UST) systems must include corrosion, spill, and overfill protection spill, and overfill protection [United States Code of Federal [United States Code of Federal Regulations, Title 40 (40 U.S.C.), Regulations, Title 40 (40 U.S.C.), § §280 et seq.]. 280 et seq.].

• Corrosion Protection

Corrosion Protection

• Spill and Overfill Protection

Spill and Overfill Protection

• Leak Detection

Leak Detection

• Construction Certification

Construction Certification

From A Report to European From A Report to European Commision Commision (2001): (2001): “ “MTBE and the Requirements for MTBE and the Requirements for Underground Storage Tank Construction and Operation in Member St Underground Storage Tank Construction and Operation in Member States ates” ”

• VI. Conclusions
• SK has been tried to prevent the MTBE and other VOC leakage to

SK has been tried to prevent the MTBE and other VOC leakage to the environment in various ways and extends the efforts as the the environment in various ways and extends the efforts as the master planning for the environment protection master planning for the environment protection

• Many European countries and USA has exerted the lots of efforts

Many European countries and USA has exerted the lots of efforts to to prevent the ground pollution by underground storage tank prevent the ground pollution by underground storage tank

• MTBE is still attractive to prevent the air pollution as well a

MTBE is still attractive to prevent the air pollution as well as to s to improve the gasoline performance. improve the gasoline performance. The careful handling of The careful handling of management should be accompanied to enjoy the environmental and management should be accompanied to enjoy the environmental and economical advantages economical advantages