Bacterial water quality along the Southwestern coast of Tobago - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Bacterial water quality along the Southwestern coast of Tobago - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Bacterial water quality along the Southwestern coast of Tobago Tuesday 30 th October, 2018 Sheldon Ramoutar Research Officer (Microbiology) Institute of Marine Affairs INTRODUCTION TO MICROBIOLOGY Study of organisms too small to be seen by

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Bacterial water quality along the Southwestern coast of Tobago

Sheldon Ramoutar Research Officer (Microbiology) Institute of Marine Affairs

Tuesday 30th October, 2018

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INTRODUCTION TO MICROBIOLOGY

Study of organisms too small to be seen by naked eye.

Bacteria Fungi Protozoa Virus

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WHY STUDY MICROBIOLOGY Microbes are related to all life

  • Found everywhere
  • Most are beneficial

Vital to plants and animals

  • food web, nutrient cycling, protection etc
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Humans

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Sewage pollution- Effects

Corals

  • Stimulate expulsion of good microbes
  • Decreased antibodies production
  • Weaken defence
  • More susceptible to diseases

Seagrasses

  • Oxygen depletion
  • Development of anaerobic metabolism
  • Release sulphide and methane (toxic)
  • More susceptible to diseases

ONLY A MINORITY ARE PATHOGENIC (1-10%)

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ONLY A MINORITY ARE PATHOGENIC (1-10%)

Symptoms of waterborne diseases

  • Infections of :
  • respiratory tract,
  • ears, eyes, nasal cavity
  • Skin
  • gastrointestinal illnesses
  • severe diarrhoea
  • Nausea
  • headaches
  • fatigue
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Indicator Organisms

  • Useful for all water types
  • Always present when pathogens are present
  • Not present in the absence of pathogens
  • Correlated with degree of pollution
  • More easily detectable than some pathogens

Water use Indicator Organisms Drinking water Total Coliform Freshwater Faecal Coliform, E.coli Saltwater Total and Faecal, Enterococci Wastewater Faecal Coliform Reclaimed water (agriculture use) Total Coliform

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METHOD- SAMPLING

Coral and Seagrass Monitoring Programme

  • Nutrient parameters
  • Nitrates, Ammonia, Phosphates
  • Suspended solids (TSS)
  • Physico-chemical
  • Dissolved Oxygen (DO)
  • Temperature
  • pH
  • Salinity
  • Rainfall data
  • Microbiology
  • Enterococci
  • Samples taken
  • Wet season
  • Dry season

Station Site Location Ecosystem Recreational Activity 1 Bon Accord Lagoon Seagrass Watersports 2 Bon Accord Lagoon Seagrass Watersports 3 Buccoo Bay Seagrass Watersports 4 Kilgwyn Bay Seagrass Bathing 5 La Guira Bay Seagrass Bathing 6 Buccoo Reef Coral Reef Diving 9 Crown Point Coral Reef Diving 10 Pigeon Point Coral Reef, beach Bathing, Diving 11 Buccoo Reef Coral Reef Diving 12 Buccoo Reef Coral Reef Diving

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  • Add reagent to water
  • Pour into package and seal
  • Incubate at specific temperatures
  • Count fluorescing wells under UV light
  • Use MPN Table
  • Compare to acceptable standard (USEPA, WHO)

Method –Analysis (IDEXX)

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  • Filter water through a 0.45 μm membrane filter
  • Place membrane on selective media
  • Incubate at specific temperatures
  • Count colonies
  • Compare to acceptable standard (USEPA, WHO)

Method – Analysis (Membrane Filtration)

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RESULTS : PHYSICO-CHEMICAL DATA

Sites pH Rainfall/mm DO Temperature Salinity USEPA 1995 Limits 6.5 – 8.5 N/A >5 Not exceed 3°C above ambient N/A Dry Wet Dry Wet Dry Wet Dry Wet Dry Wet

Bon Accord Lagoon

8.10.2 8.10.1 6  10.4 27.8 13.6 6.3 0.8 5.92.3 27.10.2 28.70.2 36.92.5 28.94.3

Bon Accord Lagoon

8.10.2 8.00.1 6  10.4 27.8 13.6 5.81.3 5.23.4 27.10.2 28.60.2 37.22.7 29.23.5

Buccoo Bay

8.10.2 8.10.2 6  10.4 27.8 13.6 6.50.4 5.91.3 27.00.2 28.20.4 37.22.1 28.62.4

Kilgwyn Bay

7.80.3 7.70.1 6  10.4 27.8 13.6 5.40.2 5.11.5 26.90.7 28.60.5 36.71.9 29.14.5

La Guira Bay

7.60.4 7.70.2 6  10.4 27.8 13.6 5.70.3 5.12.1 26.50.8 28.60.3 35.23.4 29.24.7

Buccoo Reef

8.00.2 7.90.1 6  10.4 27.8 13.6 6.20.3 6.73.7 27.00.3 28.40.2 36.92.6 28.82.5

Crown Point

8.00.2 7.90.2 6  10.4 27.8 13.6 6.10.1 6.91.2 26.90.4 27.90.3 37.22.2 27.64.6

Pigeon Point

8.00.2 8.00.3 6  10.4 27.8 13.6 6.50.4 6.51.1 26.90.5 27.90.6 37.12.4 27.44.5

Buccoo Reef

7.90.2 7.80.2 6  10.4 27.8 13.6 5.70.9 6.62.3 26.90.5 28.40.3 37.02.5 29.22.2

Buccoo Reef

8.00.2 8.10.1 6  10.4 27.8 13.6 5.40.7 6.71.1 26.70.3 28.30.4 37.42.1 27.32.5

Bon Accord Lagoon

8.10.2 8.10.1 6  10.4 27.8 13.6 6.10.1 6.91.8 27.00.5 28.10.3 37.42.0 30.26.5

Bon Accord Lagoon

8.10.2 8.20.2 6  10.4 27.8 13.6 6.20.3 6.71.4 27.00.5 28.30.4 37.41.9 31.14.6

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RESULTS : MICROBIAL DATA

Recreational Water Quality limit : 104 CFU /100 ml

  • Wet season had higher values
  • Four locations failed during the wet season
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DISCUSSION –MITIGATION

Limit Inputs of Bacteria into Watercourses

  • Fix malfunctioning wastewater treatment plants
  • Implement efficient sewerage systems
  • Limit land-based run-off from farms

Public Awareness

  • Avoid poor water quality areas
  • Rainy season ( rainfall events)
  • Understand the risks involved to
  • Ecosystems and Humans
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THANK YOU QUESTIONS?

INFORMATION CENTRE Tel: 634-4291ext. 2406 or 2408 E-Mail: library@ima.gov.tt or ima.gov.tt