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Integral use of aromatic plants: prefeasibility comparison of stand- alone and biorefinery processes using thyme (Thymus vulgaris) as base case

Paula Andrea Marín-Valencia1, Estefanny Carmona-Garcia1, Jhonny Alejandro Poveda Giraldo1, Nayda Patricia Arias Duque2, Carlos Ariel Cardona Alzate1

1Instituto de Biotecnología y Agroindustria, Departamento de Ingeniería Química,

Universidad Nacional de Colombia sede Manizales, Manizales, Colombia

2Universidad de Boyacá, T

unja, Colombia Presenting author email: pamarinv@unal.edu.co Corresponding author email: ccardonal@unal.edu.co

Research group: chemical, catalytic and biotechnological processes

Introduction

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Introduction Methodology Results Conclusions

Aromati c plants

30% 30% 40%

4 Jobs/ha The Colombia potential is found in climatic advantages and soil use [1, 2]

Research group: chemical, catalytic and biotechnological processes

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Thyme (Thymus vulgaris)

It is among the most produced species in Colombia, which is found in difgerent areas of the country. The multiple extractive components that thyme contains make it have a potential for use towards difgerent value-added products. Polyphenolic compounds and essential oil are important due to they have a wide range of biological functions [3].

Introduction Methodology Results Conclusions

Research group: chemical, catalytic and biotechnological processes

Benefjts for human health

Antioxidant activity protecting against chronic-degenerative Antimicrobial capacity with benefjts for the immune system Antithrombotic properties due to the inhibition of platelets aggregation Anti-infmammatory and Antiallergenic efgects

Extraction

Conventional methods Green technologies

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Phenolic Compounds

Research group: chemical, catalytic and biotechnological processes

Introduction Methodology Results Conclusions

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It can replace conventional fuels to produce heat and energy or used as gaseous fuel It can replace conventional fuels to produce heat and energy or used as gaseous fuel Biogas from wastes plays an important role in energy generation Biogas from wastes plays an important role in energy generation Currently the energy requirement s have been increased Currently the energy requirement s have been increased

Introduction Methodology Results Conclusions

Research group: chemical, catalytic and biotechnological processes

Waste management: biogas production

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Introduction Methodology Results Conclusions

Research group: chemical, catalytic and biotechnological processes

Solvent extraction Phenolic extract Remaining of thyme extraction Anaerobic digestion Biogas Thyme

Stand- alone

process

Biorefjner y process

The aim of this work

Chemical analysis Chemical analysis

Extractives NREL/TP-510-42619 Holocellulose ASTM D1104 Cellulose T 203 os-74 Lignin T 222 os-74 Ash NREL/TP-510-42622 The results of the composition were used as initial data in the simulation section

Solid analysis Solid analysis

T

• tal solids ASTM E1756-08

Volatile solids ASTM E1756-08 The anaerobic digestion conditions were fjxed with these results

Methodology: characterization

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Introduction Methodology Results Conclusions

Research group: chemical, catalytic and biotechnological processes

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Introduction Methodology Results Conclusions

Phenolic compounds extraction: solvent extraction

Research group: chemical, catalytic and biotechnological processes

Spent Thyme Standard method VDI 4630 T emperature: 37°C Time: 15 days Gases analysis Gases analyzer Gasboard - 3100P

Biogas production: anaerobic digestion

• Ratio solvent-solid 20:1 (v:w)
• Solvent: ethanol 60%
• Time: 3 hours
• T

emperature: 40°C

• 150 rpm [7, 8]

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Introduction Methodology Results Conclusions

Process flow diagram for simulation

Research group: chemical, catalytic and biotechnological processes

• 1. Dryer
• 2. Mill
• 3. Extraction

vessel

• 4. Filter
• 5. Evaporator
• 6. Anaerobic

digestor

• 7. Cogeneratio

n system BIOREFINERY PROCESS STAND-ALONE PROCESS

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Processes simulation Simulation of stand-alone and biorefjnery processes were performed using Aspen Plus

• software. The mass and energy balances were obtained.

Processes simulation Simulation of stand-alone and biorefjnery processes were performed using Aspen Plus

• software. The mass and energy balances were obtained.

Economic assessment It is estimed with Aspen Process Economic Analyzer considering the conditions of Colombian context and 10 years of project lifetime. The scale analysis was made by calculating the Net Present Value (NPV). Economic assessment It is estimed with Aspen Process Economic Analyzer considering the conditions of Colombian context and 10 years of project lifetime. The scale analysis was made by calculating the Net Present Value (NPV). Environmental assessment It was performed using the software WAR GUI. The Potential Environmental Impact (PEI) was obtained. There are two categories: global atmospheric impact and the local toxicological impact. Environmental assessment It was performed using the software WAR GUI. The Potential Environmental Impact (PEI) was obtained. There are two categories: global atmospheric impact and the local toxicological impact. Introduction Methodology Results Conclusions

Research group: chemical, catalytic and biotechnological processes

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Introduction Methodology Results Conclusions

Component Percentage [%] Extractives 31.28 ± 1.19 Cellulose 31.52 ± 2.04 Hemicellulo se 17.04 ± 1.96 Lignin 14.87 ± 1.01 Ash 5.29 ± 0.09 Total solids 29.54 ± 1.49 Volatile solids 27.05 ± 0.38 Moisture* 75.29 *Moisture of fresh raw material

Results

Characterization of thyme (%w/w dry basis)

Research group: chemical, catalytic and biotechnological processes

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 Yield [%]

Chemical characterization Extraction yield of phenolic compounds

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Introduction Methodology Results Conclusions

Results: Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP)

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 50 100 150 200 250 Bioga s Time [day] Yield (mL/g SV)

Research group: chemical, catalytic and biotechnological processes

231 ml/gVS 114 ml/gVS

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 Y ie ld (m l/ g V S )

Methane Yield

• 4
• 2

2 4 6 8 10

• 10,00
• 5,00

0,00 5,00 10,00 Stand-alone process Biorefjnery process Project Lifetime [years] NPV [Million USD/year]

Introduction Methodology Results Conclusions

Economic comparisson between stand-alone and biorefinery processes

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Research group: chemical, catalytic and biotechnological processes

100% Electricity requirements 100% Cooling water requirements 1% Steam requirements Base case 10 T/h= 240 T/day 3.4 years 6 years

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Introduction Methodology Results Conclusions

Environmental comparisson between stand-alone and biorefinery processes

Research group: chemical, catalytic and biotechnological processes

0,0E+00 5,0E-06 1,0E-05 1,5E-05 2,0E-05 2,5E-05 3,0E-05

PEI leaving the system per mass of product streams (PEI/kg product)

Stand alone Bio-refjnery I m p a c t ( P E I / k g p r

• d

u c t )

S t a n d

• a

l

• n

e p r

• c

e s s B i

• r

e fj n e r y p r

• c

e s s 0,0E+00 5,0E-06 1,0E-05 1,5E-05 2,0E-05 2,5E-05

Energy requirement

Impact [PEI/kg]

Global Warming Potential (GWP), Ozone Depletion Potential (ODP), Acidifjcation Potential (AP), and Photochemical Oxidation Potential (PCOP), Human T

• xicity Potential by Ingestion (HTPI), Human T
• xicity Potential by either inhalation
• r dermal exposure (HTPE), Aquatic T
• xicity Potential (ATP), and T

errestrial T

• xicity Potential (TTP).

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Introduction Methodology Results Conclusions

Conclusions

Research group: chemical, catalytic and biotechnological processes

• The results showed the pre-feasibility to extract antioxidant compounds from thyme

as raw material by solvent extraction through stand-alone way at difgerent scales. However, in the case of the biorefjnery approach a very high scales are required .

• The conditions proposed in this paper, make the stand-alone process approach more

viable than the biorefjnery approach. However, there are difgerent ways to do the biorefjnery process more profjtable based on the use of more effjcient extraction and energy technologies. Additionally the key point is the interest for the total use of raw materials to avoid contamination.

• Other important aspect assessed in this study case is the Potential Environment

Impact (PEI) as environmental indicator. It was achieved less PEI in the stand-alone than biorefjnery approach. It is possible to affjrm that a large part of the environmental impact potential is due to energy consumption.

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Research group: chemical, catalytic and biotechnological processes

Integral use of aromatic plants: prefeasibility comparison of stand-alone and biorefjnery processes using thyme (Thymus vulgaris) as base case

Paula Andrea Marín-Valencia1, Estefanny Carmona-Garcia1, Jhonny Alejandro Poveda Giraldo1, Nayda Patricia Arias Duque2, Carlos Ariel Cardona Alzate1

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

Acknowledgments: “Evaluación Del Uso Sostenible De La Calédula (Calendula Ofjcinalis), Albahaca (Ocimun Bscillicum) Y T

• millo (Thymus Vulgaris) Bajo El

Enfoque De Biorrrefjnerías En El Municipio De Saboyá-boyacá”