and architectural applications Felix Schmollgruber Product Manager - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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and architectural applications Felix Schmollgruber Product Manager - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Sep 06, 2023 135 likes •537 views

How to measure and control effect paints and coatings used in automotive, industrial and architectural applications Felix Schmollgruber Product Manager New Platforms X-Rite Europe GmbH Web Seminar At a glance 10.00 h Welcome Dr. Sonja

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How to measure and control effect paints and coatings used in automotive, industrial and architectural applications

Felix Schmollgruber

Product Manager New Platforms X-Rite Europe GmbH

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Web Seminar – At a glance 10.00 h Welcome

» Dr. Sonja Schulte, Editor in Chief – European Coatings Journal

10.05 h How to measure and control effect paints and coatings used in automotive, industrial and architectural applications

» Felix Schmollgruber, Product Manager New Platforms – X-Rite Europe GmbH

10.45 h Discussion & End of Web-Seminar

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Why two illuminations

2nd generation effect (interference-) pigments show different color NOT ONLY at different observer angles BUT ALSO at different illumination angles See next an example …

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The callenge with effect pigments Gonioapparent samples change color by changing illumination and observation angles

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„Face“ steep illumination „Face“ 45 illumination „Flash“ behind gloss 45 illumination Out of plane geometry

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  • 30
  • 5
  • 45
  • 45
  • 80

Measurement geometries

The MA98 is the only portable device equipped with two light sources in order to be compliant to the new standard ASTM E2539 – 08 [http://www.astm.org/Standards/E2539.htm]!

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25 specular specular 45 illumination

Six geometries: 45 asXX

15 illumination

Two additional: 15 asXX

Measured, but not analyzed traditionally

NEW: -15 15 45 75 110

  • 15

15

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15 illumination 45 illumination

second light source

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45as-15 45as15 45as25 45as45 45as75 45as110 15as-15 15as-15

Standard 45/0 instrument Standard 5-angle instrument (e.g.MA94) 6-angle instrument (e.g.MA96) 8-angle instrument MA98 only

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X-Rite’s MA98

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19 geometries in total

Felix Schmollgruber 8 45as-15 45as15 45as25 45as45 45as75 45as-110 15as-15 15as15 15as-45 15as45 15as80 15as38.3 az43 45as25 az-90 45as60 az-125.3 45as25 az90 45as60 az125.3 15as38.3 az-43 15as46.9 az-104.5 15as46.9 az-104.5

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Why 19 geometries?

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Light from 45 from the back different observation angles Left: ChromaFlair 190 Right: Viola Fantasy + Blue viewed “in-plane”

 Obviously these two panels look very different!

90 turn

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Why 19 geometries?

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Light from 45 from the left SAMPLES AND LIGHT TURNED BY 90

  • bservation from 45

azimuthal viewed “out-of-plane”

 The SAME two Panels create totally different colors

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In plane & out of plane difference

Gonioapparent reflection “in-plane” may be different than reflection from “out-of-plane”

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Z Y X 45 illumination

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Main Influencers on Color & Appearance of effect pigmented paints and coatings

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Different Paint Applications … Pneumatic Application Electrostatic Application High Rotational (Bell) Application High Rotational (Bell) Application with Electrostatic support Coil coating

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… result into different Paint Layers

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Pneumatic = Flat lying Flakes Electrostatic = unregular lying Flakes  Finally we get different Appearances !!!

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Flow & Atomization

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Same Paint, but different Application …

Low Flow & High Atomization (ESTA Bell) High Flow & Low Atomization Pneumatic

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Viscosity?

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Low Resin Viscosity = Flat lying Flakes High Resin Viscosity = unregular lying Flakes  Finally we get different Appearances !!!

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What do we need to fix? We need to capture the total appearance

  • f a sample and a reference in a
  • Repeatable
  • Reproducible and
  • Consistent way

We need to know whether the issue is

  • The Paint itself or
  • The Process (Application of the Paint)?

We need to know whether the final product will have equal appearance and pass QC requirements We’d want to use easy metrics for that

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A potential Solution?

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The Solution xDNA

Captures the whole appearance of an effect paint by measuring and processing a 3D spectral profile Calculates values to tell about total appearance difference Calculates values to tell about ingredient difference These values can be calculated as perceptually weighted as well (illuminant / observer dependant)

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Simple evaluation

Total Appearance difference Formulation Change

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 deltaG / delta F  deltaGs / delta Fs

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How to xDNA?

xDNA – X-Rite Dynamic Numerical Analysis Arranging the Geometry into a coordinate system Collect all reflectances per wavelength across all angles as vectors Create a curve of all vector end points per wavelength xDNA – The coating gene

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How to xDNA?

Arranging the Geometry into a XYZ coordinate system

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Z Y X

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How to xDNA?

Collect all reflectances per wavelength across all angles as vectors

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Z Y X 45 illumination

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What is meant by “vectors”? We can build a standard-Spectral Curve out of 30 values for each angle

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One 2D-Spectral Curve per geometry!

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What is meant by “vectors”?

Or we can build a 3D-spectral curve out of each intensity per angle for each wavelength and build a vector chain out of that

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First point of the xDNA 3D Spectral profile

Y Z 400 nm

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What is meant by “vectors”?

Or we can build a 3D-spectral curve out of each intensity per angle for each wavelength and build a vector chain out of that

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45 illumination

Point 11 of the xDNA 3D Spectral profile

Y Z 500 nm

“Many ways lead to Rome” – point can be built in any order

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The finished 3D profile Create a profile (curve) of all vector-end- points per wavelength

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The new Values

Three steps to Analyze these curves Step 1: Transform Method to place the curve of a sample over the curve of a Standard to see if they match.

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Transform Move the balance point of the sample profile over the balance point of the standard profile

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The new Values

Three steps to Analyze these curves Step 2: Align Method to rotate the transformed curves to a closest match

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Align Rotate the sample profile to “align” best with the standard profile!

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The new Values

Three steps to Analyze these curves Step 3: Scale Method to scale the aligned curves to see if they match.  Tells about the Change of the Formula, Ingredients of the paint! dGs is the delta for Ingredient Change!

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Scale Scale the sample profile to match the standards profile best

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The new Values

Summary xDNA is converted by three methods translate – align – scale dG (before transformation)  is the total appearance difference between two samples dGs (after transformation)  represents ingredient differneces!

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The new Values

Analysis of perceptual characteristics Similar like 1 Delta E is defined as distance, which can be perceived, 1 dG and 1 dF are defined as the distance in xDNA where a person may be able to distinguish differences! Same like with dG values we find different values for the perceptual deltas

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The new Values

Analysis of perceptual characteristics (weighed differences) dG  Scaled overall difference of untransformed xDNA profiles dGs  Scaled overall difference of finally transformed (scaled) xDNA profiles dF  wheighted difference

(value changes with selection

  • f D65/10 or A/2 , ...)

dFs  Ingredient Change!

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How to analyze xDNA metrics

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dG > 1? No Yes Equal Appearance! Check Traditional color values For Details check:

  • 1. dG
  • 2. dGs
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Summary The ability to measure the total appearance of gonioapparent effect pigmented paints and coatings secures good quality whenever such effect material is used The use of a second light source makes sure to capture the full effect with high precision spectrophotometric color measurement xDNA as a combined and simplified method of analyzing equal appearance provides

  • Simple metrics (such as delta E values) for Quality Assurance
  • The ability to differentiate between formulation and process

variations for root cause analyzis

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Thank you for your kind attention! Your questions please!

Felix Schmollgruber

X-Rite Europe GmbH Product Manager New Platforms