Analysis of drivers eye of the scene". Eye tracking is a tool - PDF document

Eye Movements and Eye Tracking 32nd ICTCT Conference in Warsaw, Poland on 24/25 October 2019 • In front of a scene, a person's eyes move between points that capture their attention, " Don't wait for accidents to happen " especially objects in movement, with which they manage to recreate a "cerebral image Analysis of drivers’ eye of the scene". • Eye tracking is a tool to analyse the movement and behaviour of the eyes in the presence of stimulus. movements ahead of pedestrian • Eye tracking allows to know the eye behaviours: • It can give a possibility to analyse the fixation point of the gaze, the movement of the eyes in crossings: the case study of relation to the head, and other types of eye movements. • It can give us information about human behaviour in any environment to analyse preferences of users. Olomouc • The standard model in eye-tracking studies is constituted by two concepts: • Fixation : the moment in which the eyes remain fixed on an object and it is possible to appreciate it in detail Anton Pashkevich, Matúš Šucha • Saccades (or saccades movements) : the rapid eye movements between two fixations. Warsaw, Poland 2019-10-24 Warsaw, Poland 2 Eye Tracking as a road safety research toolce Previous research work • Eye-tracking device for road safety research • Two perspectives: driver and pedestrian • Well-established since 1970s. • Pedestrians: • Stationary and mobile devices • Zito et al. (2015) – old/ young pedestrains on unsignalized crossing, virtual reality • Recorded are: • Jiang et al. (2018) – young pedestrains on signalized crossing, outdoor • Gaze • Kurvers (2018) – young pedestrains on unsignalized crossing, simulator • Fixation • Biassoni et al. (2018) – children/ adults on unsignalized crossing, pictures • Fixation duration • Drivers: • Saccade • Chapman and Underwood (1998), Underwood et al. (2002), Konstantopoulos et al. (2010) – drivers’ perception in different conditions, film video and virtual routes • The systems of capture of eye movements are becoming • Ābele et al. (2018) – young drivers’ perception of adult and child on unsignalized crossings, very relevant today: simulator • They allow us to extract objective data when a person looks • Chen et al. (2019) – drivers’ recognition of pedestrian road-crossing intentions on unsignalized at a stimulus, in a specific situation crossings, video-based simulation • They allow us to know where the person is specifically looking • Lack of outdoor 2019-10-24 Warsaw, Poland 3 2019-10-24 Warsaw, Poland 4 Case study plan Field test - Route • Aim: • General: to understand deeper drivers’ eye movements ahead of pedestrian crossings (and • General characteristics to assess drivers’ behaviours towards different situations as well as relations “drivers vs. • 38 pedestrian crossings other road-users”) (from drivers’ point of • Concrete: how do drivers scan pedestrian crossings? view): • Technical background: • 28 on mid-block section • Eye-tracking glasses: to analyze attention and focus of drivers (20 without traffic lights) • 6 after turning right/ left • Test field: (4 without traffci lights) • Route in Olomouc (around 15 minutes driving time when taffic is free) • 4 on the roundabout • Objects - pedestrian crossings • Pilot study: • Time and conditions of driving tests: October 2019, early in the morning (peak-hours) • Sample of drivers: 9 drivers, 22-32 ages • C3, C4, C5 • Work in progress 2019-10-24 Warsaw, Poland 5 2019-10-24 Warsaw, Poland 6

Eye tracking glasses Patterns of pedestrian crossings' scanning "garbage" Gazes included Crossing ahead/ crossing ahead (car After/ after (car opposite) ahead) • Eye-tracking device • Each view was considered Crossing centre/ crossing centre (car Before/ before (car opposite) ahead)/ crossing centre (car separately: • Gaze opposite) Crossing left/ crossing left (car • Fixation • Amount of gazes Car ahead opposite) • Fixation duration • Fixation and its duration Left sidewalk/ left sidewalk (car Mirror wing/ mirror back opposite) • Distance • Additional: Road ahead/ road ahead (car ahead) Right sidewalk Road left Road left (car opposite) • Data was „cleaned” • Distance of gazes/ Sign right/ sign left fixations House right/ house left • Types of patterns: • Visibility Distance • „Empty” pedestrian crossing • Pedestrian available 2019-10-24 Warsaw, Poland 7 2019-10-24 Warsaw, Poland 8 2019-10-24 Warsaw, Poland 9 2019-10-24 Warsaw, Poland 10 Patterns of pedestrian crossings' scanning – Patterns of pedestrian crossings' scanning – “Cleaned” Data Assumptions • Before • After • Pedestrian available: • Scanning from right to left • Way of scanning dependes on distance to pedestrian on crossing • Driver fixed minimum one time on pedestrian (experienced drivers did it less) • “Empty” pedestrian crossing • Scanning from centre of crossing • Scanning process is finished in the ahead part of pedestrian crossing • Pedestrian crossing configuration could be important • Car coming from opposite lane is important • It „reduces” a scanning horizon • Amount of scanning points depends on driver’s experience 2019-10-24 Warsaw, Poland 11 2019-10-24 Warsaw, Poland 12

Summary 32nd ICTCT Conference in Warsaw, Poland on 24/25 October 2019 • We have a long way ahead of us... " Don't wait for accidents to happen " • Different scanning patterns of pedestrian crossings • Importance of outdoor test driving (for example, opposite cars’ incfluence) Thank you for your attention • Impotrance of horizontal road marking on pedestrian crossings • Further research by using experimental car: • synchronization of all devices to record Anton Pashkevich • eye trackin glasses, Email: anton.pashkevich@upol.cz • speed, • acceleration/ stop, • responses of ADAC, Matuš Šucha • Video cameras, Email: matus.sucha@upol.cz 2019-10-24 Warsaw, Poland 13 2019-10-24 Warsaw, Poland 14