[PPT] - An Actor-based Approach to Commodity Transport Modelling 5. PowerPoint Presentation

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******* Titel

An Actor-based Approach to Commodity Transport Modelling

5. Conference on Applied Infrastructure Research

6.-7.10.2006 Gernot Liedtke

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Overview

Motivation and goals
Principles of the actor-based approach
InterLOG simulation model
Selected scenarios
Conclusion
Motivation and goals

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2.) Distribution 1.) Generation 3.) Mode choice 4.) Vehicle and network models

Macroscopic approach

1.) Generation Production functions Scalability Categorisations 2.) Distribution 3.) Mode choice 4.) Vehicle and network models

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Macroscopic approach

2.) Distribution Gravity model 1.) Generation Production functions Scalability Categorisations Distribution systems 3.) Mode choice 4.) Vehicle and network models

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2.) Distribution 1.) Generation 3.) Mode choice 4.) Vehicle and network models

Macroscopic approach

2.) Distribution Gravity model 1.) Generation Production functions Scalability Categorisations Distribution systems 3.) Mode choice Disaggregate models Heterogeneity

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Macroscopic approach

2.) Distribution Gravity model 1.) Generation Production functions Scalability Categorisations Distribution systems 3.) Mode choice Disaggregate models Heterogeneity 4.) Vehicle and network models Proportion of empty running Spatial patterns Consolidation

Freight flows cannot be mapped in form of a matrix

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Actor-based approach

Mapping of individual firms
Large number
Control parameters

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Challenges for realising the actor-based approach

Production rates Shipper-carrier problem Vehicle dispatching Number of actors Inter-sectoral flows Distance sensibility

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**** Principles

Motivation and goals
Principles of the actor-based approach
InterLOG simulation model
Selected scenarios
Analysis and outlook

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Principles of actor-based freight transport modelling

Interaction structures: transport markets
Feed-back mechanism for relationship-stabilisation:
perational meso-structures
Actors’ individual decision making: CLP-based

“decision support engines”

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Interaction fields: transport markets

space time

Central warehouse Carrier’s depot Food factory

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Relationship stabilisation: meso-structures

How would these transports be reflected in aggregate statistics?

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Individual decision making: Constraint Logic

Capacity constraints Configuration constraints Sequence constraints Perspective constraints Time-windows Legislation Dispatcher’s task

To find feasible solutions
To find robust solutions
In an uncertain environment

Service activities Properties of CLP

Domain reduction/goals
Object orientation
Constraint propagation

Depot V1 V2 V3 S1 S3 Vehicle

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**** InterLOG

Motivation and goals
Principles of the actor-based approach
InterLOG simulation model
Selected scenarios
Conclusion

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Class structure

“World” Companies Hauliers Network Regions Relationships Contracts Lorries Tour plans

Tour-planning problems

Optimisation environment

Solution Definition

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InterLOG simulation model: overview

Company generation Forwarder generation Set of attributed companies in space Generation modules

Generation

Sourcing module: choice of suppliers Commodity flows between companies

Distribution

Market interaction module Shippers models Forwarders models Attributed lorry trips on the road network Aggregation, verification

Market choice Lorry model Network model Lot-size choice Generation Distribution Market choice Lorry model Network model Lot-size choice

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Actor-generation module

Company-size distribution by 3-digit cpa-sector Employment data by region and sector

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Sourcing module

Inter-sectoral flows ([tonnes]) by transport sub-markets Sensibility to distance by transport sub-markets Output rates by 3-digital cpa-sector

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Shipper

Cheapest forwarder
Minimisation of the

total logistics cost Forwarder

Does the contract fit?
Daily and weekly planning

Market interaction module

Contracts/ Constraints

Weight
Time
Distance

Market exploration Calls for offers States or retrieves Tariff determination/rejection Tour planning,

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**** Scenarios

Motivation and goals
Principles of the actor-based approach
InterLOG simulation model
Selected scenarios
Conclusion

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Scenario “with many actors”

Characteristics 1000 Companies 200 hauliers ~ 2000 shipment cases/week ~ 1 •106 lorry km / week ∅ 60 lorries / week on motorways

Prop. of empty running: ~ 30%

Network nodes

Link without lorry-traffic load
Lorry traffic load

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Policy measure sensitivity: Impacts of a toll

Motorway toll Shift to federal roads Mutual adaptation Punishment

f partial loads

Punishment of inefficient hauliers

∑= ?

Total mileage ↓ External effects ↑ Meso-structures ↑ Efficiency ↑ Load factors ↑ Stocks ↑

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Policy measure sensitivity: Impacts of a toll

Total mileage

195000 200000 205000 210000 215000 220000 225000 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 Simulation period (weeks) vehicle km No toll Toll

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Policy measure sensitivity: Impacts of a toll

Mileage empty runs

70000 72000 74000 76000 78000 80000 82000 84000 86000 88000 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 Simulation period (weeks)

vehicle km

No toll toll

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Policy measure sensitivity: Impacts of a toll

Number of shipments per week

264 266 268 270 272 274 276 278 280 282 284 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 Simulation period (weeks) No toll Toll

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**** Analysis and Outlook

Motivation and goals
Principles of the actor-based approach
InterLOG simulation model
Selected scenarios
Conclusion

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Conclusion

Microscopic approach to freight transport modelling
Data availability
Limitations and possibilities for further development
Interaction structures

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******* ENDE

An Actor-based Approach to Commodity Transport Modelling

5. Conference on Applied

Infrastructure Research

Gernot Liedtke