Advancing science in Europe: towards a European Research Area Yves Birot , France MWP Symposium 2003
Outline 1 . History and benchmarking of Science and Technology in Europe: a contrasted picture 2 . The European Research Area (ERA): an ambitious and promising E.U. policy 3 . « Forest Cluster » related research in Europe in the perspective of ERA: hope or disappointment? MWP Symposium 2003
1 . History and benchmarking of Science and technology in Europe: a contrasted picture Phase 1: building & sharing common large scale research facilities 1950’s based on multi-lateral agreement + networking instruments Treaty of Rome (57) CERN 52 EC JRC (57) European centre for European Commission Joint nuclear research Research Centre Geneva Ispra , Italy MWP Symposium 2003
1960’s EC Policy 9.3 8.1 on S&T (64) 5.4 ESO (62) (HQ Germany) EMBO (64) EMBL (74) ILL (67) Grenoble, France Europ. Southern observat. European molecular biology Institut Laue-Langevin Nb researchers/ La Silla-Chile Heidelberg-Germany Neutron Science & Technology 1970’s 1000 workforce (71) ECMWF (73) Reading, UK ESA(75) European Space JET(76) Joint European Torus (74) European center for medium Agency, Kourou, Culham, UK range weather forecast Fench. Guiana Nuclear fusion research MWP Symposium 2003
1980’s Single European Act (85) 9.3 8.1 EUREKA ESRF European synchrotron 5.4 (85) radiation facility Grenoble, France Phase 2: the development of a common research policy Nb researchers/ Framework FP I 1984 -1987 1000 workforce A highly programmes For R&D successful FP II 1987-1992 1990’s Policy: Treaty of Union(92) The genesis of FP III 1990 -1994 A European Scientific FP IV 1994 -1998 Treaty of Community Amsterdam (96) FP V 1999 - 2002 MWP Symposium 2003
0.56 0.48 8.1 9.3 Benchmarking aspects 5.4 0.24 Nb researchers/ New S&T PhDs per 1000 1000 workforce population (age 25-34) 1. Human resources in RTD in EU15, US, Japan 2.09 2.27 3.0 2.7 1.9 1.49 0.73 0.82 0.64 Share of government budget Total R&D expenditure Industry R&D financed allocated to R&D in % GDP in % GDP as %of industrial output 2. Public and private investment in RTD in EU15, US, Japan (Source: 3rd European Report on Science & Technology Indicators, European Commission 2003) MWP Symposium 2003
322 265 803 909 629 154 165 175 80 Scientific publications European patents US patents per million population per million population per million population 3. Scientific and technical productivity in EU15, US and Japan 11.3 7.9 8.1 17.6 17.4 7.6 6.3 10.6 5.3 Exports of high-tech Employment in high-tech Value added in high products as % of & semi-high-tech industries tech industries as world total as % of total employment % of GDP 4. Impact of RTD on economic competitiveness and employment in EU15, US and Japan (Source: 3rd European Report on Science & Technology Indicators, European Commission, 2003) MWP Symposium 2003
2. The European Research Area (ERA): an ambitious and promising E.U.policy 9.3 8.1 5.4 « The right of happiness is a new idea in Europe » (Saint-Just 1794) or the transformation into a political project of an idea expressed before by philosophers Nb researchers/ 1000 workforce Idea of ERA is not new, but the idea has been given a politically operational status MWP Symposium 2003
The genesis of ERA 9.3 8.1 2000 : The launch of ERA (January) and the Lisbon European 5.4 Council (March) : “to become the most competitive and dynamic knowledge based economy in the world” 2002 March : the Barcelona European Council “overall spending Nb researchers/ on R&D and innovation in the Union should be increased with the aim of 1000 workforce approaching 3% of GDP by 2010” and the launch of FP 6 200x: Towards a European Research Council ERC? A new research funding body for Europe MWP Symposium 2003
6th Framework Programme, an instrument to implement ERA 9.3 8.1 (a) Integrating ERA around key objectives 13285 M € 5.4 7 priority areas • Life science, genomics and biotech for health 2255 • Information society technologies 3625 • Nanotech, multifunctional material, production 1300 Nb researchers/ • Aeronautics and space 1075 1000 workforce • Food quality and safety 685 • Sustainable development and global change 2120 • Citizens and governance 225 - Specific activities (INCO,CRAFT, Policies) 1300 Total b) Structuring ERA c) Strengthening the budget 2655 M € ERA foundation 330 M € 17.5 billions € EURATOM 1230 M € = 5% MWP Symposium 2003
4 major instruments: will implement the 7 thematic priority areas and should ensure high European impacts on selected technico-socio-economic issues 1 . Integrated Projects (50% EC Funds) 9.3 8.1 Objectives Clear & quantified deliverables and i ntegration … Real breakthroughs, support to 5.4 Industry, sustain.development … across Activities … across Technical Areas Research, support to SME’s, technology transfer, training dissemination, take-up actions Nb researchers/ … among participants and funding bodies (governments, Univ., industries, Res. Inst.). 1000 workforce 2 . Networks of excellence (100% EC funds for integr. of resources) Objectives Advancing knowledge and integration … To assemble EU res. capacity and strengthen S&T excellence … to strengthen EU poles of excellence Joint programme of activities ambitious and merging national or regional activities Participants commited for progressive and lasting integration of research capacities MWP Symposium 2003
3. Specific targeted research projects + Specific targets, e.g. research at frontier of knowledge 9.3 8.1 3 & 4 = « traditional projects »; + EC funds to RTD activities they aim at preparing more 4. Coordination actions 5.4 ambitious and strategic + Stimulating cooperation & coordination projects between EC and MS activities + EC funds only for coordination actions Strengthening the foundation of ERA (on the 7 priority areas) Nb researchers/ • coordination of research activities 1000 workforce • development of research/innovation policies Structuring the ERA • research & innovation • human resources mobility • research infrastructures • science & society (René Descartes Prize: 1 M € ) MWP Symposium 2003
Related instruments EUREKA: Network for market oriented industrial R&D 9.3 8.1 33 member countries 5.4 COST COoperation in the field of Scientific and Technical research between nationally funded activities Intergovernmental agreement between 35 member countries 30000 scientists. 17 Research domains, 180 Actions (projects) Complements the EU RTD FP Nb researchers/ Principles: à la carte, bottom up, variable geometry, concerted actions, 1000 workforce funding of cooordination costs: meetings, workshops, publications, STSM COST: a pillar of ERA ESF promotes the development of European science at the forefront of of knowledge by bringing together leading scientists and scholars and research and funding agencies to debate, plan and implement European research ; 76 member organisations in 29 countries (NGO) Updated information: the COST/ESF « wedding » ! MWP Symposium 2003
3. Forest cluster related research in the context of ERA: hope or disappointment?
The « forest cluster in Europe »: the background • forest areas: 168 Mha + 39 Mha wooded land; forests cover 31% of land area; extension in area, increasing growth rate and standing volume • annual felling: 400 Mm3 vs 670 Mm3 of net annual increment • 11M forest owners and 4 M jobs (direct or indirect) in forests and forest- based industries mainly in rural areas • 28% of the world’s paper supply (data for 38 countries excluding the area of the CIS (UN-ECE/FAO 2000) • numerous societal and environmental values • the evolving societal demand on forests: diversification of functions • the question of the competitiveness of the European forest sector • European forests and the political agenda > The benefits from the sustainable production and use of renewable natural resources should justify an increased R&D effort MWP Symposium 2003
Forests and forest products related research in Europe: an overview • Public organizations are by far predominant with some exceptions for pulp and paper research • Biophysical and socio-economic research on forests: substantial but fragmented • Wood research, more limited in size and fragmented • Pulp and paper research well structured (4 major institutions) • Lack of cross-sectoral or cluster approach > The need for coordination, integration, share of research infrastructures MWP Symposium 2003
The « forest cluster » in FP6: a low profile • Forest and forest based industries issues are not clearly identified or « diluted » among other issues • Expected funding for the forest cluster dramatically reduced compared to previous FPs • Some major applications have been unsuccessful at the first call • Possible ways of improvement lobbying explore potential niches in broader projects (land use, materials) use the full range of available instrument s > Future hopes in new instruments: ERAnets, technological platforms MWP Symposium 2003
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