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Advancing science in Europe: towards a European Research Area Yves - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Sep 17, 2023 108 likes •313 views

Advancing science in Europe: towards a European Research Area Yves Birot , France MWP Symposium 2003 Outline 1 . History and benchmarking of Science and Technology in Europe: a contrasted picture 2 . The European Research Area (ERA): an

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Advancing science in Europe: towards a European Research Area

Yves Birot, France

MWP Symposium 2003

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2 . The European Research Area (ERA): an ambitious and promising E.U. policy 3 . « Forest Cluster » related research in Europe in the perspective of ERA: hope or disappointment?

MWP Symposium 2003

1 . History and benchmarking of Science and Technology in Europe: a contrasted picture

Outline

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MWP Symposium 2003

1 . History and benchmarking of Science and technology in Europe: a contrasted picture

1950’s

EC JRC (57)

European Commission Joint Research Centre Ispra , Italy

CERN 52

European centre for nuclear research Geneva

Treaty of Rome (57)

Phase 1: building & sharing common large scale research facilities based on multi-lateral agreement + networking instruments

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MWP Symposium 2003

5.4 8.1 9.3

Nb researchers/ 1000 workforce

EC Policy

  • n

S&T (64) 1970’s

(71) (74) EMBO (64) EMBL (74)

European molecular biology Heidelberg-Germany

ESA(75) European Space

Agency, Kourou,

  • Fench. Guiana

JET(76) Joint European Torus

Culham, UK Nuclear fusion research

ESO (62)(HQ Germany)

  • Europ. Southern observat.

La Silla-Chile

1960’s

ILL (67) Grenoble, France

Institut Laue-Langevin Neutron Science & Technology

ECMWF (73) Reading, UK

European center for medium range weather forecast

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5.4 8.1 9.3

Nb researchers/ 1000 workforce

1980’s Single European Act (85) 1990’s Treaty of Union(92) Treaty of Amsterdam (96)

EUREKA (85) ESRF European synchrotron

radiation facility Grenoble, France

FP I 1984 -1987 FP II 1987-1992 Framework programmes For R&D FP III 1990 -1994 FP IV 1994 -1998 FP V 1999 - 2002 Phase 2: the development of a common research policy A highly successful Policy: The genesis of A European Scientific Community

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MWP Symposium 2003

5.4 8.1 9.3

Nb researchers/ 1000 workforce

  • 1. Human resources in RTD in EU15, US, Japan

0.56 0.48 0.24

New S&T PhDs per 1000 population (age 25-34)

1.9 2.7 3.0

  • 2. Public and private investment in RTD in EU15, US, Japan

Total R&D expenditure in % GDP

0.73 0.82 0.64

Share of government budget allocated to R&D in % GDP

1.49 2.09 2.27

Industry R&D financed as %of industrial output

Benchmarking aspects

(Source: 3rd European Report on Science & Technology Indicators, European Commission 2003)

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MWP Symposium 2003

17.6 17.4 10.6

Exports of high-tech products as % of world total

  • 4. Impact of RTD on economic competitiveness and employment in

EU15, US and Japan 7.9 8.1 11.3

Value added in high tech industries as % of GDP

7.6 5.3 6.3

Employment in high-tech & semi-high-tech industries as % of total employment

80 322 265

US patents per million population

  • 3. Scientific and technical productivity in EU15, US and Japan

803 909 629

Scientific publications per million population

154 165 175

European patents per million population

(Source: 3rd European Report on Science & Technology Indicators, European Commission, 2003)

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MWP Symposium 2003

5.4 8.1 9.3

Nb researchers/ 1000 workforce

  • 2. The European Research Area (ERA):

an ambitious and promising E.U.policy

« The right of happiness is a new idea in Europe » (Saint-Just 1794) or the transformation into a political project of an idea expressed before by philosophers Idea of ERA is not new, but the idea has been given a politically operational status

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MWP Symposium 2003

5.4 8.1 9.3

Nb researchers/ 1000 workforce

The genesis of ERA

2000 : The launch of ERA (January) and the Lisbon European Council (March): “to become the most competitive and dynamic knowledge

based economy in the world”

2002 March: the Barcelona European Council “overall spending

  • n R&D and innovation in the Union should be increased with the aim of

approaching 3% of GDP by 2010” and the launch of FP 6

200x: Towards a European Research Council ERC? A new research funding body for Europe

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MWP Symposium 2003

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6th Framework Programme, an instrument to implement ERA

(a) Integrating ERA around key objectives 13285 M€

b) Structuring ERA 2655 M€ c) Strengthening the ERA foundation 330 M€ EURATOM 1230 M€ 7 priority areas

  • Life science, genomics and biotech for health

2255

  • Information society technologies

3625

  • Nanotech, multifunctional material, production

1300

  • Aeronautics and space

1075

  • Food quality and safety

685

  • Sustainable development and global change

2120

  • Citizens and governance

225

  • Specific activities (INCO,CRAFT, Policies)

1300

Total budget 17.5 billions €

= 5%

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MWP Symposium 2003

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Nb researchers/ 1000 workforce

4 major instruments: will implement the 7 thematic priority areas and

should ensure high European impacts on selected technico-socio-economic issues

1 . Integrated Projects (50% EC Funds)

Objectives Clear & quantified deliverables and

Real breakthroughs, support to integration… Industry, sustain.development

…across Activities … across Technical Areas

Research, support to SME’s, technology transfer, training dissemination, take-up actions

…among participants and funding bodies (governments, Univ., industries, Res. Inst.).

2 . Networks of excellence (100% EC funds for integr. of resources)

Objectives Advancing knowledge and

To assemble EU res. capacity

integration…

and strengthen S&T excellence

Joint programme of activities …to strengthen EU poles of excellence

ambitious and merging national or regional activities

Participants commited for progressive and lasting integration of research capacities

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  • 3. Specific targeted research projects
  • 4. Coordination actions

3 & 4 = « traditional projects »; they aim at preparing more ambitious and strategic projects

+ Specific targets, e.g. research at frontier

  • f knowledge

+ EC funds to RTD activities + Stimulating cooperation & coordination between EC and MS activities + EC funds only for coordination actions

Strengthening the foundation of ERA (on the 7 priority areas)

  • coordination of research activities
  • development of research/innovation policies

Structuring the ERA

  • research & innovation
  • human resources mobility
  • research infrastructures
  • science & society (René Descartes Prize: 1 M€)
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Related instruments

EUREKA: Network for market oriented industrial R&D

33 member countries

ESF promotes the development of European science

at the forefront of of knowledge by bringing together leading scientists and scholars and research and funding agencies to debate, plan and implement European research; 76 member organisations in 29 countries (NGO)

COST COoperation in the field of Scientific and Technical research between nationally funded activities

Intergovernmental agreement between 35 member countries 30000 scientists. 17 Research domains, 180 Actions (projects) Complements the EU RTD FP Principles: à la carte, bottom up, variable geometry, concerted actions, funding of cooordination costs: meetings, workshops, publications, STSM COST: a pillar of ERA

Updated information: the COST/ESF « wedding » !

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  • 3. Forest cluster

related research in the context

  • f ERA: hope or

disappointment?

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MWP Symposium 2003

The « forest cluster in Europe »: the background

  • forest areas: 168 Mha + 39 Mha wooded land; forests cover 31% of land

area; extension in area, increasing growth rate and standing volume

  • annual felling: 400 Mm3 vs 670 Mm3 of net annual increment
  • 11M forest owners and 4 M jobs (direct or indirect) in forests and forest-

based industries mainly in rural areas

  • 28% of the world’s paper supply

(data for 38 countries excluding the area of the CIS (UN-ECE/FAO 2000)

  • numerous societal and environmental values
  • the evolving societal demand on forests: diversification of functions
  • the question of the competitiveness of the European forest sector
  • European forests and the political agenda

> The benefits from the sustainable production and use of renewable natural resources should justify an increased R&D effort

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MWP Symposium 2003

Forests and forest products related research in Europe: an overview

  • Public organizations are by far predominant with some

exceptions for pulp and paper research

  • Biophysical and socio-economic research on forests:

substantial but fragmented

  • Wood research, more limited in size and fragmented
  • Pulp and paper research well structured (4 major institutions)
  • Lack of cross-sectoral or cluster approach

> The need for coordination, integration, share of research infrastructures

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MWP Symposium 2003

The « forest cluster » in FP6: a low profile

> Future hopes in new instruments: ERAnets, technological platforms

  • Forest and forest based industries issues are not clearly

identified or « diluted » among other issues

  • Expected funding for the forest cluster dramatically reduced

compared to previous FPs

  • Some major applications have been unsuccessful at the first call
  • Possible ways of improvement

lobbying explore potential niches in broader projects (land use, materials) use the full range of available instruments

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MWP Symposium 2003

Other related instruments

European Forest Institute (EFI):

140 member organisations in 36 countries, headquarters in Finland + 6 regional project centres; topics: forest ecology & management, policy, forest products market & economics, policy, information and forest resources. Towards an international status

COST Forests and Forestry Products

A unique platform in Europe in the fields of forest, pulp & paper and wood technology (biophysical basis of SFM, policy & economics, forest products & environment, process engineering, properties and performances of forest based products) 22 ongoing projects (+14 completed) coordinating the activity of 1400 researchers ; by-products: many EU funded projects A major network and component of ERA

EUREKA: Euroforest (cluster project) INNOVAWOOD: an umbrella network in the field of forestry,

woodworking and furniture industries; 94 member organizations in 22 countries; focus: research and training

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MWP Symposium 2003

Key messages

1. Europe has been quite efficient in building major joint research infrastructures and developing a real European scientific community trough 5 FPs and networking, but European R&D are suffering from recurrent deficiencies in terms of funding (private sector) and employment in research 2. ERA is a promising policy with a strong political support; the implementation of new instruments (FP6) should be carefully monitored; ERA’s achievement could benefit from the creation of an ERC. 3. FP 6 has unfortunately not perceived the forest cluster as being a key component of sustainable development. This is particularly regrettable as the scientific community related to the forest cluster has achieved major steps forward in networking, coordination and integration.

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Thank you for listening!