About the Semantic Web, Folksonomies & Users in Digital - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

About the Semantic Web, Folksonomies & Users in Digital Cultural Heritage

Bridging to the End-User Cultural Heritage Information Personalization

Lora Aroyo

Free University Amsterdam Technische Universiteit Eindhoven 27-03-2007

Departement Cultuur, Jeugd, Sport en Media van de Vlaamse overheid

Web 1.0: Resources and Links

URL URL Web link

Web 2.0: Architecture of Participation

Blogging Wikipedia P2P Wikis From directory (taxonomy) tagging

(folksonomy)

Flickr Del.icio.us YouTube

Folksonomies

Folksonomies:

Folk ontologies Not really ontologies Simply property associations

Folksonomies

Flickr.com

Search Search for content by tags Creates awareness Creates awareness which photos still need tagging Browse Browse content by tags

Del.icio.us

Suggests Suggests Tags & & Recommends Recommends popular tags Discover Discover other people’s tags

YouTube.com

Uses links between Structured Categories Structured Categories & User Tags User Tags

YouTube.com

Uses links between Structured Categories Structured Categories & User Tags User Tags

Web 3.0: The Effect of Semantic Web

More structure

Shared vocabularies Integrated collections (mappings)

Better search & browsing

Relational search Facet browsers

Semantic annotations

Suggestions based on semantics Experts & novices

Web 3.0: Typed Resources and Links

URL URL Web link ULAN Henri Matisse Henri Matisse Dublin Core creator creator Painting “Woman with hat Woman with hat” SF MOMA

Principle 1: semantic annotation

Description of web objects with “ concepts concepts” from a shared shared vocabulary vocabulary

Principle 2: semantic search

Search for objects

linked via concepts ( sem antic link) ( sem antic link)

Use the type of

type of sem antic link sem antic link to provide meaningful presentation of the search results

urang-utang

• range

ape great ape

Principle 3: multiple vocabularies

• r the myth of a unified vocabulary

In large virtual collections there are always

multiple vocabularies

• In multiple languages

Every vocabulary has its own perspective

• You can’t just merge them

But you can use vocabularies jointly by

defining a limited set of links

• “Vocabulary alignment”

It is surprising what you can do with just a

few links

Example

“Tokugawa Tokugawa”

AAT style/period AAT style/period Edo (Japanese period) Edo (Japanese period) Tokugawa Tokugawa SVCN period Edo Edo

SVCN is local in-house thesaurus

Further in the Web 3.0: RDFa - Embedding RDF in XHTML

• RDF:

too complex for the average web developer requires duplication of content between the RDF and XHTML

• RDFa:

more than simply tag a document create relationships between entities in an XHTML document without having to leave the context of that document can be interpreted by RDF enabled tools provides a simple way of encoding metadata into a

document

eliminate the need for duplication by embedding the descriptive relational characteristics

directly in the element’s attribute set allow s Sem antic W eb to m ove aw ay from being unachievable to being doable

RDFa: Added Value

• RDFa Primer 1.0: http: / / www.w3.org/ TR/ 2007/ WD-xhtml-rdfa-primer-20070312/
• http: / / rdfa.info/
• transfer structured data between web sites

transfer structured data between web sites, e.g.:

• event on a web page

event on a web page can be directly imported into into a user's desktop calendar calendar

• license

license on a document can be detected detected and user informed of his rights automatically

• photo's creator

photo's creator, camera setting information, resolution, and topic can be published as easily as the original photo itself, enabling structured search and sharing enabling structured search and sharing

Our Examples

MultimediaN e-culture project

• Integrated cultural heritage collections
• Shared vocabularies

NWO CHIP project

• Personalized museum experience
• Integration of Web, Mobile & Museum

NWO CHOICE project

• Semantic annotations for Audio/ Visual archive
• Beeld & Geluid, Hilversum

CHI Project

• Semantic-based Access for Audio/ Visual archive
• Regional historic Centrum Eindhoven - RHCE
• http: / / www.rhc-eindhoven.nl/

E-Culture demonstrator

http: / / e-culture.multimedian.nl

• People:
• Alia Amin, Lora Aroyo, Mark van Assem,

Victor de Boer, Lynda Hardman, Michiel Hildebrand, Laura Hollink, Marco de Niet, Borys Omelayenko, Marie-France van Orsouw, Jacco van Ossenbruggen, Jos Taekema, Annemiek Teesing, Anna Tordai, Guus Schreiber, Jan Wielemaker, Bob Wielinga

• Collections:
• Artchive.com,
• ICN
• Rijksmuseum Amsterdam,
• Dutch ethnology musea (Amsterdam,

Leiden),

• National Library (Bibliopolis)

Part of large Dutch knowledge-economy project Multim ediaN Partners: Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, CWI, Universiteit van

Amsterdam, DEN, ICN

16 Nov 2006 16 Nov 2006

Winner of the Semantic Web Challenge @ ISWC 2006

/facet browser /facet browser

/facet browser /facet browser

CHIP: Information Personalization http: / / www.chip-project.org

• Part of the Dutch NWO CATCH program for continuous

access to cultural heritage

• Partners: Rijksmuseum Amsterdam, TU/ e, Telematica Institute
• People:
• Lora Aroyo, Rogier Brusee, Paul De Bra, Peter Gorgels, Lloyd

Rutdlege, Natalia Stash, Yiwen Wang

• Collections:
• ARIA Rijksmuseum collection
• Vocabularies: AAT, TGN, ULAN, IconClass
• Scientific Goal
• Personalization of Presentation & Navigation
• Interactive User Modelling
• Semantics-based User Interaction & Data Access

Domain Ontologies Interactive Dialog UM + beliefs Recommend Domain Topics Resource Recommender Personalized Museum Tour Recommend Artefacts

Rijksmuseum Amsterdam Data

ARIA

• 750 artefacts
• Website targeted
• Current focus

Adlib

• 50,000 artefacts
• Curator targeted

Flash formats

• Focus on document/ interface structure
• Website targeted

Common Vocabularies

AAT

Styles Periods

ULAN: artists TGN: locations Iconclass

Topics and Themes

CHOICE Project:

http: / / ems01.mpi.nl/ CHOICE/

• Part of the Dutch NWO CATCH program for continuous

access to cultural heritage

• Partners: Beeld & Geluid, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Telematica

Institute

• People:
• Veronique Malaisé, Hennie Brugman, Luit Gazendam, Lora Aroyo,

Johan Oomen, Annemiek de Jong, Mettina Veenstra, Guus Schreiber

• Collections:
• Beeld & Geluid Audio/ Visual Archive
• Vocabularies: GTAA, AAT, TGN, ULAN
• Scientific Goal
• Use context documents to generate candidate annotations
• semi-automatic indexing process
• Create a new environment for the documentalists
• Browser for the in-house thesaurus

Other Examples & Events

• MuseoSuomi - Museum Finland semantic portal
• http: / / www.museosuomi.fi/
• http: / / www.hiit.fi/ node/ 199
• Digital Semantic Content across Cultures
• Paris, the Louvre May 4-5, 2006
• http: / / www.seco.tkk.fi/ events/ 2006/ 2006-05-04-

websemantique/ ProgrammeWebSem2006-05-02.pdf

• From Digitisation to Creating Cultural

Experiences

• eCulture Group of Salzburg Research
• http: / / www.ariadne.ac.uk/ issue41/ e-culture-rpt/

Perspectives

Basic Semantic Web technology is ready

technology is ready for deployment

Web 2.0 facilities:

• Involving community experts in annotation

Involving community experts in annotation

• Personalization

Personalization, myArt

• Social barriers

Social barriers have to be overcome!

• “open door” policy
• Involvement of general public

Involvement of general public = > issues of “quality”

Importance of using open standards

• pen standards
• Away from custom-made flashy web sites

Acknowledgements

CHIP project team

• Lora Aroyo, Rogier Brusee, Paul De Bra, Peter

Gorgels, Lloyd Rutdlege, Natalia Stash, Yiwen Wang e-culture project team

• Alia Amin, Lora Aroyo, Mark van Assem, Victor de

Boer, Lynda Hardman, Michiel Hildebrand, Laura Hollink, Marco de Niet, Borys Omelayenko, Marie- France van Orsouw, Jacco van Ossenbruggen, Jos Taekema, Annemiek Teesing, Anna Tordai, Guus Schreiber, Jan Wielemaker, Bob Wielinga CHOICE project team

• Veronique Malaisé, Hennie Brugman, Luit Gazendam,

Lora Aroyo, Johan Oomen, Annemiek de Jong, Mettina Veenstra, Guus Schreiber

You can contact me:

• n the Web 1.0
• http: / / www.cs.vu.nl/ ~ laroyo
• l.m.aroyo@cs.vu.nl
• n the Web 2.0
• you can find me via Flickr, del.icio.us, YouTube,

Second Life, Skype …

• n the Web 3.0 (Semantic Web)
• CHIP project http: / / www/ chip-project.org
• e-culture project http: / / e-culture.multimedian.nl/
• CHOICE project http: / / ems01.mpi.nl/ CHOICE/