Smart Grid Sustainability CPS-based SGRA Results Sustainability aspects of DR Future work A sustainability-based approach to resource allocation in the Smart Grid Siddharth Suryanarayanan Colorado State University March 17, 2015 Siddharth Suryanarayanan Colorado State University A sustainability-based approach to resource allocation in the Smart Grid
Smart Grid Sustainability CPS-based SGRA Results Sustainability aspects of DR Future work Outline 1 Smart Grid 2 Sustainability 3 CPS-based SGRA 4 Results 5 Sustainability aspects of DR 6 Future work Siddharth Suryanarayanan Colorado State University A sustainability-based approach to resource allocation in the Smart Grid
Smart Grid Sustainability CPS-based SGRA Results Sustainability aspects of DR Future work Speaker background Siddharth Suryanarayanan Colorado State University A sustainability-based approach to resource allocation in the Smart Grid
Smart Grid Sustainability CPS-based SGRA Results Sustainability aspects of DR Future work The emerging Smart Grid Source: US Dept. of Energy Siddharth Suryanarayanan Colorado State University A sustainability-based approach to resource allocation in the Smart Grid
Smart Grid Sustainability CPS-based SGRA Results Sustainability aspects of DR Future work Functional charactersistics of a Smart Grid Self-healing from power disturbance events Enabling active participation by consumers in demand response Operating resiliently against physical and cyber attack Providing power quality for 21 st century needs Accommodating all generation and storage options Enabling new products, services, and markets Optimizing assets and operating efficiently Source: US Dept. of Energy Office of Electricity & Energy Reliability Siddharth Suryanarayanan Colorado State University A sustainability-based approach to resource allocation in the Smart Grid
Smart Grid Sustainability CPS-based SGRA Results Sustainability aspects of DR Future work Demand-Side Management (DSM) May refer to utility sponsored programs aimed at increasing energy efficiency and water conservation or the management of demand Includes load management techniques Alteration of electrical energy consumption that offers incentives to consumers and utilities Advantages: Increased efficiency Deferred capital costs for utilities Lowered emissions Prolonged availability of traditional resources. Key enabler: changing rate structures in distribution systems Siddharth Suryanarayanan Colorado State University A sustainability-based approach to resource allocation in the Smart Grid
Smart Grid Sustainability CPS-based SGRA Results Sustainability aspects of DR Future work Demand Response (DR) Courtesy: Dr. P. Bauleo, FCU Programs that provide incentives to consumers for deferring/curtailing demand during peak periods DOE EERE Federal Energy Mgmt. Program Triggered based on system reliability or market conditions Example (HotShot Program) Load management program of Fort Collins Light and Power Contacting customers (radio signal, email, pager, and websites) Cycling A/C and shifting water heater loads (residential) Automated BEMS & discretionary load shedding (C & I customers) Siddharth Suryanarayanan Colorado State University A sustainability-based approach to resource allocation in the Smart Grid
Smart Grid Sustainability CPS-based SGRA Results Sustainability aspects of DR Future work Sustainability Sustainability refers to the ability of systems to maintain, support, and endure Acc. to the UN Brundtland Commission (1987), “ sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. ”[source: Wikipedia] Sustainability applies to a lot of domains including energy, agriculture, economics, infrastructure, and politics. Siddharth Suryanarayanan Colorado State University A sustainability-based approach to resource allocation in the Smart Grid
Smart Grid Sustainability CPS-based SGRA Results Sustainability aspects of DR Future work Three pillars of sustainability 3 pillars of sustainability are social, environmental, and economic development People , Planet , and Profits Sustainable efforts must be quantified on the impact on the above ‘pillars’ Sources:Wikipedia; Clker.com; EPSfiles.net; Fouzi.net Siddharth Suryanarayanan Colorado State University A sustainability-based approach to resource allocation in the Smart Grid
Smart Grid Sustainability CPS-based SGRA Results Sustainability aspects of DR Future work Three pillars of sustainability Source:Wikipedia Siddharth Suryanarayanan Colorado State University A sustainability-based approach to resource allocation in the Smart Grid
Smart Grid Sustainability CPS-based SGRA Results Sustainability aspects of DR Future work Cyber-physical systems (CPS) Definition “Engineered systems built from and depending on synergy of computational and physical components” Contemporary breed of systems capable of interacting with humans, expanding system capabilities via computation, communication, and control “Coordinated, distributed, connected, robust, and responsive” Example Smart electric grid, smart transportation, smart buildings Siddharth Suryanarayanan Colorado State University A sustainability-based approach to resource allocation in the Smart Grid
Smart Grid Sustainability CPS-based SGRA Results Sustainability aspects of DR Future work State of the system Residential electricity sales to grow 24% in next three decades Growth in transmission systems is stagnating Curtailing peak loads is imperative for reducing costs of electricity “A 5% reduction in peak during the 2000–2001 CA energy crisis would have reduced the highest wholesale prices by 50%” ( Thomas Weisel Partners Equity Research Report, 2007 ). Distribution realm expected to burgeon with new and diverse grid technologies ( Brown et al., 2010 ). Siddharth Suryanarayanan Colorado State University A sustainability-based approach to resource allocation in the Smart Grid
Smart Grid Sustainability CPS-based SGRA Results Sustainability aspects of DR Future work Challenges Most bulk electricity markets require a minimum power rating to bid into market Makes it impossible for individual residential customers to participate in deregulated markets Allowing retail customer access to wholesale market prices may increase price-elasticity of demand and thus increase volatility in the market ( Roozbehani et al., 2012 ). Residential loads are not easily controlled and need to be composed of a large portfolio to provide a strategic DR product ( CEC, 2014 ). Siddharth Suryanarayanan Colorado State University A sustainability-based approach to resource allocation in the Smart Grid
Smart Grid Sustainability CPS-based SGRA Results Sustainability aspects of DR Future work Solution Aggregator A proposed for-profit entity in a deregulated market structure interfacing a DR market (DRX) with a set of customers Functions: 1 intelligently coordinate customer appliances away from the system peak time 2 enact a noticeable change on overall system 3 optimize performance for profit Incentivizes customers by providing an alternative pricing Siddharth Suryanarayanan Colorado State University A sustainability-based approach to resource allocation in the Smart Grid
Smart Grid Sustainability CPS-based SGRA Results Sustainability aspects of DR Future work Smart Grid Resource Allocation (SGRA) Siddharth Suryanarayanan Colorado State University A sustainability-based approach to resource allocation in the Smart Grid
Smart Grid Sustainability CPS-based SGRA Results Sustainability aspects of DR Future work SGRA : Enabling technologies Retail electricity market must be fully deregulated ⇒ customers can choose between suppliers Control and communication infrastructure including requisite cyber-security measure must be fully developed and implemented This will allow for seamless exchange of information and coordination of customer assets Customer base must be willing to participate with proper incentives Siddharth Suryanarayanan Colorado State University A sustainability-based approach to resource allocation in the Smart Grid
Smart Grid Sustainability CPS-based SGRA Results Sustainability aspects of DR Future work Customer incentive pricing (CIP) A proposed pricing structure that the aggregator would offer the customers to allow rescheduling loads Instead of paying the local utility, customers pay the aggregator the CIP for electricity Siddharth Suryanarayanan Colorado State University A sustainability-based approach to resource allocation in the Smart Grid
Smart Grid Sustainability CPS-based SGRA Results Sustainability aspects of DR Future work Information needed for determining CIP Customer For each schedulable load i , customer provides: 1 δ i , the runtime duration (in 15-minute intervals) 2 p i , the average power rating (in kW) 3 t i , start , the customer scheduled start time 4 (A i , start , A i , dur ) , a 2-tuple that represents the availability window for load i determined by the availability window start time, A i , start , and the availability window duration, A i , dur Assumption Aggregator knows the exact time a load will run if it‘s not rescheduled by the aggregator (i.e., the start time is deterministic). Future work will void this assumption by going to stochastic SGRA. Siddharth Suryanarayanan Colorado State University A sustainability-based approach to resource allocation in the Smart Grid
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