A study understanding factors influencing the refurbishment of exis ting apartments in South Korea to reduce energy consumption Hyunju Jang
Outline • Problem • Approaches • Aims and Objectives
• Carbon emission and GHG § International Energy Agency (IEA, 2007) reported that the most cost effective way of energy saving is to improve en ergy efficiency and suggest 30% of reduction by 2030. § UK government has declared energy consumption of hous ing will need to reduce by 34% by 2020. § Korean Government also promotes building regulations to reduce energy consumption in order to achieve 30% redu ction of carbon emission in 2020.
• 32% of total energy consumption, UK (Department of Energy & Climate change, 2011) • 41% of total energy consumption, US (U.S. Department of Energy, 2010) Composition of energy consumption, 2009
• Dominance of apartment block in South Korea 100% 120 Detached Housing Apartment 90% 100 80% 70% 80 60% 60 50% 40% 40 30% 20% 20 10% 0 0% 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 년 년 년 년 년 년 년 년 년 년 Housing Distribution Rate (KEEI, 2011) Construction Rate of Detached and APT (KEEI, 2011) • Apartment is an important type of housing in South Korea • Over supply of new housing since 2002 • Redevelopment by demolition of existing apartments • A few refurbishment
• Energy Consumption of Residential Building 1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 South Korea Japan Germany Domestic Energy Consumption (MJ/m2 . Yr) (Industry Ministry of Korea, 2007 cities in Do, 2009: page 49). • More energy consumption of residential buildings, especially in apa rtments and multi-stories houses (KEEI, 2011). • Higher heating level of South Korea (Hidetoshi et al, 2008). • Less consideration of energy efficiency in existing apartments
• Research Questions • How the existing apartments can be adapted in future change ? • Should they demolish or refurbish ?
• Housing Typology - Apartment
• Less consideration of existing apartments in terms of sustainability • Redevelopment for economic profit
• Refurbishment and Redevelopment of Apartment • Regulations: Refurbishment after 15 years Redevelopment by demolition after 40 years (but, conditional) • Unma Apartment built in 1979, about 79m 2 is about £55,000. • Doosan we’ve the zenith of a unit,161.7 m 2, is about £ 34,700. • Great amount of existing apartments which are available refurbishment soon.
• Research Questions • How the existing apartments can be adapted in future change ? • Should they demolish or refurbish ? • What factors influencing the refurbishment of existing apartments ? • What different approaches are required in refurbishment of existin g building compare to new-build by demolition?
• Approaches – Urban Effect • UHI effect • Densely developed apartment complex • The temperature of the Bundang, new town, increased minimum 3.3 ℃ and maximum 10 ℃ compared to the temperature before the constr uction of new town (Song, 2005).
• Approaches – Climate Change 20000 16 18000 14 16000 12 14000 10 12000 10000 8 8000 6 6000 4 4000 2 2000 0 0 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010 Change of average temperature (KEEI,2011 ) Change of energy consumption (KEEI,2011 ) Average temperature dropped 13.3 ℃ (2007) to 12.1 ℃ (2010) resulted in increa • se of HDDs (2483.2 > 2953.2) and CDDs (761.4 > 832.0). (KEEI, 2011) • However, less HDDs and extremely more CDDs by future climate change (NIMR, 2011) • Each climatic factor can give more effect to building design due to future clim ate change. Increase of winter temperature can be anticipated to decline of H DDs. However, it is also expected dramatic increase Cooling Degree Days (C DDs). (LEE, 2010)
• Approaches – Regional Climate • Climate change can affect to intensify difference of local climatic condition s (CCIC, 2011). • The climatic conditions by region can be more intensified through future cli mate change (LEE, 2010, NIMR, 2011). • Less consideration of different local cli matic conditions (Jeon, 2010). Mean Temperature of South Korea <http://www.kma.go.kr/we ather/climate/average_normal.jsp>
• Approaches – Building • Flat-type apartments are mostly built in 1990s so that higher availabilit y of refurbishment. • Cho (2011) argues that tower-type apartments consume more energy th an flat-type. • Suh and Kim (2011) also pointed out that tower- type is unfavorable th an flat-type due to unfavorable orientation, amount of window.
• Aims and Objectives • Refurbishment by comparison of energy consumption with no refurbishment • Optimizing building condition by climatic responsive elements • Effect of outdoor environment to existing apartments • Building life span
• References Choi, Chang-ho et al, ‘ The ventilation efficiency in household of the tower type apartment’ , Journal of Korean society of living enviro nment system Vol.16, No.5, 2009 [Online] Available at: http://www.auric.or.kr/User/Rdoc/DocCmag.aspx?dn=170251&page=1&returnVal=CMAG [Accessed on 19/05/2012] Cho, Sung-Heui et al, ‘Energy consumption characteristics of high-rise apartment buildings according to building shape and mixed- use development’ , Energy and Buildings Vol. 46, 2011 [Online] Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378778811005019 [Accessed on 30/05/2012] Do, Eun-Jin, ‘Energy consuming object, changing buildings’ , LG Economic Research Institute, 2009 [Online] Available at: http://www.lgeri.com/uploadFiles/ko/pdf/ind/LGBI1070-36_20091208112850.pdf [Accessed on 19/05/2012] Hidetoshi et al, ‘International comparison of household energy consumption and its indicator’ , American Council for and Energy-Eff icient Economy (ACEEE), 2008 [Online] Available at: http://www.aceee.org/proceedings-paper/ss08/panel08/paper19 [Accessed on 30/05/2012] Jeon, Nam-Il, ‘Spatial history of housing in South Korea’ , Dolbaegae, 2010 Korea Energy Economics Institute (KEEI), ‘Energy consumption survey 2011’ , Ministry of Knowledge Economy (MKE), 2011, [Onli ne] Available at: www.keei.re.kr/web_keei/d_results.nsf/0/.../$file/ECS2011.pdf [Accessed on 23/05/2012] Korea Energy Economics Institute (KEEI), ‘Yearbook of regional energy statistic 2011’ , [Online] Available at: http://www.keei.re.kr/web_keei/d_results.nsf/0/AB0A0B4B33ACECD9492579D8001C2C4A/$file/RES_2011.pdf [Accessed on 25/0 5/2012] Lee, Kwan-Ho, ‘Weather data for future climate change for South Korean building design: analysis for trends’ , 2010, Architectural S cience Review Vol. 53 Issue 2 [Online] Available at: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.3763/asre.2008.0055 [Accessed on 19/0 5/2012] National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER), ‘Climate change of South Korea 2011 for IPCC 5 th report’ , 2011, Climate Cha nge Information Centre (CCIC), [Online] Available at: http://www.climate.go.kr/home/cc_data/scenario_report.pdf [Accessed 15/11/ 2011] Song, Young-Bae, ‘Influence of new town development on the urban heat island – The case of the Bundang area’, Journal of Environ mental Sciences Vol.17, No.4, 2005 [Online] Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16158596 [Accessed on 31/05/2012]
Recommend
More recommend
