A Review of Predictive Control Techniques for Matrix Converters - - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

A Review of Predictive Control Techniques for Matrix Converters - Part I

marcoriv@utalca.cl

• M. Rivera , P. Wheeler, A. Olloqui

February 17, 2016

A Review of Predictive Control Techniques for Matrix Converters - Part I Outline

Outline

1 Introduction 2 Classical Modulation and Control Techniques for MCs 3 Principle of Predictive Control in MCs 4 Predictive Control in Different Topologies of Matrix Converters 5 Conclusions

A Review of Predictive Control Techniques for Matrix Converters - Part I Introduction

Background: Direct Matrix Converter (DMC)

Features

Absence of a dc-link storage element Output voltage with arbitrary

frequency and magnitude (limited to a maximum 86.66% of the input voltage)

Unity displacement factor (DPF) on

input side

Bidirectional power flow control

capability

iA iB iC ia ib ic SAa SAb SAc SBa SBb SBc SCa SCb SCc

A Review of Predictive Control Techniques for Matrix Converters - Part I Introduction

Background: Direct Matrix Converter (DMC)

Mathematical Model

Output voltage: vo = T(Sij) vi Input current: ii = T(Sij)Tio where T is the transfer matrix T(Sij) =   SAa SBa SCa SAb SBb SCb SAc SBc SCc  

iA iB iC ia ib ic SAa SAb SAc SBa SBb SBc SCa SCb SCc

A Review of Predictive Control Techniques for Matrix Converters - Part I Introduction

Background: Direct Matrix Converter (DMC)

Restrictions

Input phases cannot be short

circuited

Output phases cannot be open

circuited SAy + SBy + SCy = 1, ∀ y = a, b, c

iA iB iC ia ib ic SAa SAb SAc SBa SBb SBc SCa SCb SCc

A Review of Predictive Control Techniques for Matrix Converters - Part I Classical Modulation and Control Techniques for MCs

Modulation and Control Methods for Matrix Converters Scalar Techniques Pulse Width Modulation Direct Torque Control Direct Power Control

Model Predictive Control Others

The most used techniques nowadays are Venturini, carrier-based pulse width modulation (CB-PWM), space vector modulation (SVM) and direct torque con- trol (DTC).

A Review of Predictive Control Techniques for Matrix Converters - Part I Principle of Predictive Control in MCs

Modulation and Control Methods for Matrix Converters Scalar Techniques Pulse Width Modulation Direct Torque Control Direct Power Control

Model Predictive Control Others

Advanced techniques that simplify the complexity of MC control (MPC) technique is reliable and fast performance in both steady and

transient states

A Review of Predictive Control Techniques for Matrix Converters - Part I Principle of Predictive Control in MCs

Method

Mathematical model of the

controlled system to predict in k, its behavior at k + 1.

A cost function g(k + 1) is defined

for selecting an optimal state of the power converter.

g(k + 1) contains the differences

between the reference and the prediction of the variables being controlled.

Many other nonlinearities can be

included such as switching frequency.

Predictive Model ac Source vs Filter vi Cost Function Minimization Matrix Converter SAa...SCc ip

• (k + 1)

io vo Load Ro Lo i∗

A Review of Predictive Control Techniques for Matrix Converters - Part I Principle of Predictive Control in MCs

0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 3 6 −3 −6 ia 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 −200 −100 100 200 va

A Review of Predictive Control Techniques for Matrix Converters - Part I Predictive Control in Different Topologies of Matrix Converters

Other topologies of Matrix Converters

→ There are several topologies of MCs

Main differences given by the number of switches, operation constraints

and applications

Main advantages of different topologies ♣ Increment of the output voltage range ♣ Reduction of switching frequency harmonics, losses and common mode

voltage

Predictive control has been applied to some of these topologies

A Review of Predictive Control Techniques for Matrix Converters - Part I Predictive Control in Different Topologies of Matrix Converters

Matrix Converter Topologies

→ Direct Matrix Converter (DMC)

The most common and used topology Challenges ♣ Safe commutation of the switches ♣ Modulation of the converter ♣ High sampling frequency (27

switching states)

iA iB iC ia ib ic SAa SAb SAc SBa SBb SBc SCa SCb SCc

A Review of Predictive Control Techniques for Matrix Converters - Part I Predictive Control in Different Topologies of Matrix Converters

Matrix Converter Topologies

→ Direct Matrix Converter (DMC)

Predictive current control (PCC) ♣ Applied for motor drives and grid

interconnection applications

⋆ Amplitude and phase control of

input currents

⋆ Reduction of distortions due to

input filter resonances

⋆ Reduction of switching losses

and frequency

Predictive Model ac Source vs Filter vi Cost Function Minimization Matrix Converter SAa...SCc ip

• (k + 1)

io vo Load Ro Lo i∗

A Review of Predictive Control Techniques for Matrix Converters - Part I Predictive Control in Different Topologies of Matrix Converters

Matrix Converter Topologies

→ Direct Matrix Converter (DMC)

The most important contribution ♣ Simplicity for the safe operation of

the DMC

⋆ Complex transformation and

modulations are not needed

⋆ Capability to use all available

switching states

♣ Effective alternative to control power

converters

iA iB iC ia ib ic SAa SAb SAc SBa SBb SBc SCa SCb SCc

A Review of Predictive Control Techniques for Matrix Converters - Part I Predictive Control in Different Topologies of Matrix Converters

Matrix Converter Topologies

→ Three-to-five leg Matrix Converter

Applications ♣ Defense ♣ Hospitals ♣ Ship propulsions ♣ Traction drives ♣ Aircraft applications

iA iB iC SAa SAb SAc SAx SAy SBa SBb SBc SBx SBy SCa SCb SCc SCx SCy ia ib ic id ie

A Review of Predictive Control Techniques for Matrix Converters - Part I Predictive Control in Different Topologies of Matrix Converters

Matrix Converter Topologies

→ Three-to-five leg Matrix Converter

Main challenges ♣ Large number of

available switching states (243)

♣ Three-dimensional

modulation and transformations are avoided

iA iB iC SAa SAb SAc SAx SAy SBa SBb SBc SBx SBy SCa SCb SCc SCx SCy ia ib ic id ie

A Review of Predictive Control Techniques for Matrix Converters - Part I Predictive Control in Different Topologies of Matrix Converters

Matrix Converter Topologies

→ Indirect matrix converter (IMC) - common emitter

Characteristics ♣ Two-stage matrix

converter

♣ Almost the same

features of the DMC

♣ Zero dc-link current

commutation strategy

⋆ Reduction of commutation losses ⋆ Increment of the efficiency of the converter

iA iB iC Sr1 Sr3 Sr5 Sr4 Sr6 Sr2 Si1 Si3 Si5 Si4 Si6 Si2 ia ib ic vdc > 0 idc

A Review of Predictive Control Techniques for Matrix Converters - Part I Predictive Control in Different Topologies of Matrix Converters

Matrix Converter Topologies

→ Indirect matrix converter (IMC) - common collector

Characteristics ♣ Two-stage matrix

converter

♣ Almost the same

features of the DMC

♣ Zero dc-link current

commutation strategy

⋆ Reduction of commutation losses ⋆ Increment of the efficiency of the converter

iA iB iC Sr1 Sr3 Sr5 Sr4 Sr6 Sr2 Si1 Si3 Si5 Si4 Si6 Si2 ia ib ic vdc > 0 idc

A Review of Predictive Control Techniques for Matrix Converters - Part I Predictive Control in Different Topologies of Matrix Converters

Matrix Converter Topologies

→ Indirect matrix converter (IMC) - common emitter

Challenges ♣ Seventy-two switching

states

♣ A positive dc-link

voltage must be ensured

♣ Unity displacement

power factor operation

iA iB iC Sr1 Sr3 Sr5 Sr4 Sr6 Sr2 Si1 Si3 Si5 Si4 Si6 Si2 ia ib ic vdc > 0 idc

A Review of Predictive Control Techniques for Matrix Converters - Part I Predictive Control in Different Topologies of Matrix Converters

Matrix Converter Topologies

→ Indirect matrix converter (IMC) - common emitter

Applications ♣ Motor drives in

military, aerospace and renewable energy applications

♣ Mitigation of

resonances

♣ Shunt active power

filters (fast dynamic response)

iA iB iC Sr1 Sr3 Sr5 Sr4 Sr6 Sr2 Si1 Si3 Si5 Si4 Si6 Si2 ia ib ic vdc > 0 idc

A Review of Predictive Control Techniques for Matrix Converters - Part I Predictive Control in Different Topologies of Matrix Converters

Matrix Converter Topologies

→ Sparse Matrix Converter (SMC)

Characteristics ♣ Functionally-equivalent

to conventional IMC

♣ Reduced number of

switches (12 IGBTs)

♣ Zero dc-link current

commutation

iA iB iC Sr1 Sr3 Sr5 Sr4 Sr6 Sr2 Si1 Si3 Si5 Si4 Si6 Si2 vdc > 0 idc ia ib ic

A Review of Predictive Control Techniques for Matrix Converters - Part I Predictive Control in Different Topologies of Matrix Converters

Matrix Converter Topologies

→ Sparse Matrix Converter (SMC)

Challenges ♣ Generation of

maximum dc-link voltage

♣ Maintaining sinusoidal

input currents

♣ Unity displacement

power factor

iA iB iC Sr1 Sr3 Sr5 Sr4 Sr6 Sr2 Si1 Si3 Si5 Si4 Si6 Si2 vdc > 0 idc ia ib ic

A Review of Predictive Control Techniques for Matrix Converters - Part I Predictive Control in Different Topologies of Matrix Converters

Matrix Converter Topologies

→ Ultra Sparse Matrix Converter (USMC)

Characteristics ♣ Modified USMC ♣ Unidirectional power

flow

♣ Bidirectional switches

at output stage for distributed power systems

iA iB iC Sr1 Sr3 Sr5 Si1 Si3 Si5 Si4 Si6 Si2 vdc > 0 ia ib ic

A Review of Predictive Control Techniques for Matrix Converters - Part I Predictive Control in Different Topologies of Matrix Converters

Matrix Converter Topologies

→ Three-to-four leg Indirect Matrix Converter

Characteristics ♣ Handles zero sequence

voltage and current

♣ Suitable for unbalanced

source and/or load in three-phase four-wire systems

iA iB iC Sr1 Sr3 Sr5 Sr4 Sr6 Sr2 Si1 Si3 Si5 Si7 Si6 Si2 Si4 Si8 vdc > 0 idc ia ib ic in

A Review of Predictive Control Techniques for Matrix Converters - Part I Predictive Control in Different Topologies of Matrix Converters

Matrix Converter Topologies

→ Three-to-four leg Indirect Matrix Converter

Challenges ♣ Safe commutation of

the switches

♣ Large number of

available switching states

♣ 3D modulation

techniques

iA iB iC Sr1 Sr3 Sr5 Sr4 Sr6 Sr2 Si1 Si3 Si5 Si7 Si6 Si2 Si4 Si8 vdc > 0 idc ia ib ic in

A Review of Predictive Control Techniques for Matrix Converters - Part I Predictive Control in Different Topologies of Matrix Converters

Matrix Converter Topologies

→ Three-to-Six Leg Indirect Matrix Converter

Applications ♣ Aerospace ♣ Exploration and

military vehicles

♣ Mining trucks ♣ Conveyor belts

iA iB iC Sr1 Sr3 Sr5 Sr4 Sr6 Sr2 Si11 Si13 Si15 Si14 Si16 Si12 Si21 Si23 Si25 Si24 Si26 Si22 vdc > 0 idc ia1 ib1 ic1 ia2 ib2 ic2

A Review of Predictive Control Techniques for Matrix Converters - Part I Predictive Control in Different Topologies of Matrix Converters

Matrix Converter Topologies

→ Three-to-Six Leg Indirect Matrix Converter

Challenges ♣ The increment of

available switching states

♣ To ensure the correct

synchronization in the commutation of the switches

iA iB iC Sr1 Sr3 Sr5 Sr4 Sr6 Sr2 Si11 Si13 Si15 Si14 Si16 Si12 Si21 Si23 Si25 Si24 Si26 Si22 vdc > 0 idc ia1 ib1 ic1 ia2 ib2 ic2

A Review of Predictive Control Techniques for Matrix Converters - Part I Predictive Control in Different Topologies of Matrix Converters

Matrix Converter Topologies

→ Limitations and disadvantages

Main advantages in terms of size and weight ♣ Sinusoidal source and load currents ♣ Regeneration capability, among others Two main disadvantages ♣ Output voltage limited to 86% of the input ♣ Any perturbation in the supply deteriorates the quality of the load side

A Review of Predictive Control Techniques for Matrix Converters - Part I Predictive Control in Different Topologies of Matrix Converters

Matrix Converter Topologies

→ Hybrid Indirect Matrix Converter

Characteristics ♣ An auxiliary voltage

source in the dc-link of the IMC

♣ Unity voltage transfer

capability even under severe distortios in the source voltage

iA iB iC Sr1 Sr3 Sr5 Sr4 Sr6 Sr2 Si1 Si3 Si5 Si4 Si6 Si2 Lx Rx Cx Sx1 Sx2 Sx3 Sx4 D5 ia ib ic vr vi ir ii

A Review of Predictive Control Techniques for Matrix Converters - Part I Predictive Control in Different Topologies of Matrix Converters

Matrix Converter Topologies

→ Hybrid Indirect Matrix Converter

Challenges ♣ The safe commutation

• f the converter in

both input and output sides

♣ The control of the

auxiliary circuit

iA iB iC Sr1 Sr3 Sr5 Sr4 Sr6 Sr2 Si1 Si3 Si5 Si4 Si6 Si2 Lx Rx Cx Sx1 Sx2 Sx3 Sx4 D5 ia ib ic vr vi ir ii

A Review of Predictive Control Techniques for Matrix Converters - Part I Conclusions

Conclusions

Predictive Control Techniques for Matrix Converter Topologies Predictive control High impact in the control of matrix converters.

Multiple control objectives with several constrains and control conditions. Reliable and fast performance in both steady and transient states.

Topologies Many topologies can be controlled with MPC due to its simplicity and

intuitive approach Each power converter topology has its own requirements and difficulties. Fast response to step changes in the power reference. IMC with more simple modulation and commutation strategy. Hybrid topology with unity voltage transfer capability. 3x6 IMC for multi-drive loads

A Review of Predictive Control Techniques for Matrix Converters - Part I Conclusions

Acknowledgments

Acknowledgments

This publication was made possible by the Newton Picarte Project EPSRC: EP/N004043/1: New Configurations of Power Converters for Grid Interconnection Systems / CONICYT DPI20140007 and British Council through the Institutional Skills Development Newton Picarte Project ISCL 2015006.

Thanks for your attention ... Contact: Prof. Marco Rivera - marcoriv@utalca.cl