A JIG SAW PUZZLE STORY We must not look for the one solution! If we - - PDF document

▶
a jig saw puzzle story
SMART_READER_LITE
LIVE PREVIEW

A JIG SAW PUZZLE STORY We must not look for the one solution! If we - - PDF document

Jun 19, 2023 302 likes •436 views

Advanced vegetable oil fuels in advanced engines The 2 nd VegOil project UN Fram ew ork Convention on Clim ate Change Durban, South Africa EU Pavilion Dec 7 th 2 0 1 1 Prof. Dr. Peter Pickel John Deere European Technology and Innovation

slide-1
SLIDE 1

1

Advanced vegetable oil fuels in advanced engines The 2 ndVegOil project

UN Fram ew ork Convention on Clim ate Change Durban, South Africa EU Pavilion – Dec 7 th 2 0 1 1

  • Prof. Dr. Peter Pickel

John Deere European Technology and Innovation Center, Germany

|

A JIG SAW PUZZLE STORY

Pickel, John Deere 2

We must not look for the one solution! If we want to strive for real sustainable energy supply we have to look for multiple, multi-scale, and thus also for decentralised solutions – A piece of the puzzle –

slide-2
SLIDE 2

2

|

LET‘S START WITH A QUESTION

Pickel, John Deere 3 |

WHAT HAS BEEN THE GREATEST INNOVATION OF MANKIND?

Pickel, John Deere 4

slide-3
SLIDE 3

3

|

John Deere Tractors?

Pickel, John Deere 5

So what?

|

Innovation No. 1 Arable crop farming

  • After more than 1 Mio years …
  • … mankind changed nutrition style completely

from protein based to carbohydrate (energy) based …

  • … enabling unbelievable welfare and

population growth up to 7,000,000,000 recently….

  • … creating the need for world climate summits
  • … and mankind started to settle down

Pickel, John Deere 6

slide-4
SLIDE 4

4

|

Innovation No. 2 Live stock farming

  • Animal proteins as the first luxury „mass

product“ …

  • … bringing back protein based nutrition and …
  • … the 7,000,000,000 popolation will grow and

with this people will develop a growing demand for better life conditions and thus for proteins

Pickel, John Deere 7 |

Innovation No. 2 Live stock farming

  • Animal proteins as the first luxury „mass

product“ …

  • … bringing back protein based nutrition and …
  • … the 7,000,000,000 popolation will grow and

with this people will develop a growing demand for better life conditions and thus for proteins

Pickel, John Deere 8

slide-5
SLIDE 5

5

|

Innovation No. 3

Agricultural machinery Agricultural production technology

  • Improved welfare
  • Partially a combination with live stock farming
  • Needs drive train energy (fuel)

Pickel, John Deere 9 |

Invention No. 4? You already know

  • No. 5 ...

Pickel, John Deere 10

slide-6
SLIDE 6

6

|

John Deere - comitted to those who are linked to the land

Basic assumptions

  • Diesel engines will stay basic drive technology for mobile

agricultural machines at least for a mid term prospective

  • As a fuel vegetable oil can support global sustainability

(but usage is strongly limited)

  • The highest energy density produced by photosynthesis is

found in natural vegetable oil

  • We find optimal agricultural conditions for production of

rapeseed oil in Central Europe

  • JOHN DEERE‘s colours are colours of the rapeseed

flower

12 Pickel, John Deere |

Energetic equivalent volume of fuels

Pickel, John Deere

Energetic equivalent volume of fuel per 1l of oil l/l OE 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2 1,4 1,6

Source: TFZ Straubing (Bavaria, Germany) Modified

13

slide-7
SLIDE 7

7

|

Central European biofuel alternatives Energy balance different renewable fuels

Agricultural Conversion Sum input Sum

  • utput

Balance Ratio MJ/ha MJ/ha MJ/ha MJ/ha MJ/ha Output Input Rapeseed

  • il

14812 529 15342 36450 21108 2,38

RME

14812 4474 19287 36360 17073 1,89

Ethanol from wheat

12025 41689 53714 62726 9012 1,17

Ethanol from sugarbeet

14680 63315 77995 127020 49025 1,63

Methane from corn

15158 72395 87553 192456 104903 2,20

Pickel, John Deere

Plant protection Fertilizer Seed Transportation Production of fuel

14

Harvest, tillage

|

Energy Balance Results

Pickel, John Deere

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 Output / Input - Ratio Rapeseed oil RME Methane from corn Ethanol from Sugar beet Ethanol from wheat

15

slide-8
SLIDE 8

8

|

Basic Assumptions

Potential (Self-)Supply

Pickel, John Deere

Diesel consumption of German agricultural sector 1.55 Mio t = 6.65 · 1010 MJ 1.82 Mio. ha

10% of cultivated area, but subsitutes arable land for feed or imports Maximum possible area for rapeseed: 1.8 Mio ha per year.

(UFOP)

Charles Deere demonstrating a walking plow

= 2,2 % of total transport = 5% of total diesel consumption

16 |

Pure Vegetable Oil (PVO) powered tractors

Mandatory side conditions

Pickel, Kraftstoffe der Zukunft, Jan. 24th- 25th 2011

  • 1. Minimum farm size
  • 2. or farming societies
  • 3. or increasing diesel price
  • 4. Tax regulations must fit
  • 5. Rapeseed cake usage
  • 6. Decentralized/self supply
  • 7. Manufacturer supply

Currently about 100 ha but decreasing with time and with increasing diesel price No doubt! Calculatory income is needed Connection to live stock farming needed!

18

slide-9
SLIDE 9

9

|

Pure Biofuels

General prepositions

Pickel, John Deere

  • 1. DIN 51605

Fuels for vegetable oil compatible combustion engines – Fuel from rapeseed oil

  • 2. DIN SPEC 51623 Fuels for vegetable oil compatible

combustion engines – Fuel from vegetable oil

  • 3. CEN/TC WS 56

Fuels and biofuels – Pure plant oil fuel for diesel engine concepts

Today‘s alternative two ways of thinking*) have to merge to meet future demands

*) Either change the fuel (biodiesel; BtL) or the engine (pure plant oil)

Both sides have to move

19 |

Plant oil (PO) powered tractor

The challenges

Pickel, John Deere

Demonstration of 2nd Generation Vegetable Oil Fuels in Advanced Engines 2ndVegOIL

  • 1. Emissions (NOx)
  • 2. Emission after treatment
  • 3. Engine lubrification
  • 4. Fuel viscosity
  • 5. Thermal characteristics
  • 6. Cold start behaviour
  • 7. Transient behaviour
  • 8. Motor power/characteristic
  • 9. Storage of fuel

10.Quality of fuel and blends

20

slide-10
SLIDE 10

10

|

Preceedingprojects:

a) 100-Traktorenprogramm (BMELV), 2001 to 2005 b) Motorentwicklung PÖ f. EU-3A (BMELV and FNR), 2006 to 2008

EU Project Proposal 2ndVegOil:

Multifuel-Tractor

1.

John Deere (D)

2.

Vereinigte Werkstaetten für Pflanzenöltechnologie (D)

3.

Technical University Munich, Internal Combustion Engines (D)

4.

Lubrizol Ltd. (UK)

5.

Waldland Vermarktungsges. m.b.H. (AU)

6.

Rhônalpénergie-Environnement (F)

7.

Fédération Régionale des CUMA Rhône-Alpes (F)

8.

Institute of Technology and Life Sciences ITP (PL)

9.

Nederlands Normalisatie-instituut NEN (NL)

  • 10. regineering (D)

Pickel, John Deere

The 2ndVegOil Partners Other scientific partners

21 |

Power decrease with biofuels due to lower heating value

20 40 60 80 100 120 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

rpm Power (kW)

Diesel RSeed Oil

Power compensation by software and software switch by fuel sensor.

Adaptation engine software Internal cold start device Automatic fuel adaptation system

Multi-Fuel prepositions

22 Pickel, John Deere

slide-11
SLIDE 11

11

|

Field test fleet

Model Lubricant Basic fuel Fuel additive 6830 Premium Rapeseed 6930 Premium ACEA E7 Sun flower JD Biodiesel Protect 100 7430 Premium ACEA E9 Camelina Sativa Lubrizol 7530 Premium Jatropha

EU Stufe 3A / TIER 3 EU stage 3B / int. TIER 4 and pre-investigations for EU stage 4 / TIER 4

23 Pickel, John Deere | Pickel, John Deere 24

2ndVegOil seen in the French TV

slide-12
SLIDE 12

12

|

Innovation No. 4?

Summary Pure cold pressed vegetable oil as an agricultural fuel is an integrated technological approach

… combing the three grand innovations and …

contributing to …

… sustainability and … … agricultural economy and … … to our future business

Let‘s go for it!

Pickel, John Deere 25 |

Vision: Sustainable Energy Supply for Agricultural Machinery

Pickel, John Deere 26