62 Gt 22 Mt of P Terrestrial 12 Gt of Waste Increasing cost - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Simon Upton Director OECD Environment Directorate

From MFA to SEEA to SMM Material Sado-Masochism for Beginners

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A story of industrial entropy

Increasing cost

Atmosphere

Resource Stocks Reservoirs

Increasing Saturation Water Terrestrial

62 Gt

49 Gt of GHG 22 Mt of P 12 Gt of Waste

Source: OECD/IEA data, OECD Materials Report

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Planetary accounting level Global Extraction Used (GEU) = Global Material Consumption (GMC) Unused Global Extraction (UGE) Reusable

• Mining overburden
• Harvest residues
• Fishery by-catch
• Soil erosion from

agriculture

Global Extraction Waste

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62 Gt of material resources extracted in 2008 8.2 Gt 12.7 Gt 20.3 Gt

30% 50% 90% 90% 70% 50% 10% 10% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Fossil Energy Carriers Metals Biomass Minerals Unused Extraction Used Extraction

20.8 Gt

Source: OECD Material Flow Analysis Data, SERI

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National accounting level Domestic Extraction Domestic Extraction Used (DEU) Waste Unused Domestic Extraction (UDE) Reusable / recycled

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Domestic Extraction Used (DEU) 17.1 Gt Domestic Material Consumption (DMC) 17.8 Gt

But nations trade; from DEU to DMC

Exports 0.4 Gt Imports 1.1 Gt

Imports 0.08 Gt

Exports 0.7 Gt Domestic Extraction Used (DEU) 1.6 Gt

Domestic Material Consumption (DMC) 1 Gt

Australia China

Source: OECD computations based on UN COMTRADE data.

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Global bal mater erial ial resour urce ce extract action, ion, 1980-2008 2008

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 1980 1990 2000 2008 Billions of metric tonnes (Gt) Industrial minerals Wood Metals Fossil energy carriers Construction minerals Biomass (food & feed)

+49% +80% +60% +133% +19%

• 29%

Source: OECD Material Flow database and SERI (Sustainable Europe Research Institute)

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Regional shares – all have increased

OECD 41% BRIICS 35% RoW 24%

Fossil fuels 9.2 billion tonnes

1990 2008

OECD 56% BRIICS 26% RoW 18%

Minerals 20.8 billion tonnes

OECD 72% BRIICS 14% RoW 14%

Minerals 14.5 billion tonnes

OECD 30% BRIICS 43% RoW 27%

Fossil fuels 12.7 billion tonnes

OECD 38% BRIICS 29% RoW 33%

Metals 4.1 billion tonnes

OECD 29% BRIICS 39% RoW 32%

Biomass 16.3 billion tonnes

OECD 43% BRIICS 33% RoW 24%

Metals 8.2 billion tonnes

OECD 23%

BRIICS 42%

RoW 35%

Biomass 20.2 billion tonnes

1990 2008

Source: OECD Material Flow database and SERI (Sustainable Europe Research Institute)

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Total material exports (direct flow s)

500 1 000 1 500 2 000 2 500 2000 2008 2009 2000 2008 2009 2000 2008 2009 From OECD From BRIICS From ROW To ROW To BRIICS To OECD Total material exports, Million tonnes

Source: OECD Material Flow database and SERI (Sustainable Europe Research Institute)

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The System of Environmental-Economic Accounting (SEEA) – A framew ork for measuring interactions betw een the environment and the economy

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SEEA Conceptual Framew ork

Territory of reference

Environment

Natural Resources (stocks)

• Land
• Water
• Ecosystems
• Soil
• Etc.

Natural Resource flows

• Materials
• Energy
• Water
• Ecosystem services
• Etc.

Economy

Activities

• Production
• Consumption
• Accumulation

Instruments

• Financial/Monetary
• Taxes/subsidies
• Financing
• Resource rent
• Permits

Actors

• Enterprises
• Households
• Government
• Non-profit institutions

Outside territory of reference Outside territory of reference

Analytical and Policy Frameworks

• Productivity analysis
• Natural resource management
• Climate change
• Green Growth/Green Economy

Land / Resource use / Ecosystems Emissions / waste

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SEEA Conceptual Framew ork Challenges

SEEA Central Framework was adopted as the international statistical standard in 2012; Efforts are needed to implement it to ensure consistency and comparability of measures. More and improved data are needed on... stocks and flows of non-energy minerals stocks and flows of waste secondary raw materials better data for MFA including trade changes in key stocks and flows land valuation social values of resources subsidies regulatory instruments

Valuation Physical side Policy tools

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Global distribution of phosphate rock reserves, 2010

Morocco and Western Sahara 77% China 6% Algeria 3% Syria 3% South Africa 2% Jordan 2% USA 2% Other countries 5%

Source: U.S. Geological Survey.

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Global distribution of rare earth oxides by end-use, 2008

Phosphors 7% Batteries 9% Magnets 20% Metal alloys 9% Glass industry 22% Ceramics 6% Catalysts 21% Other 6%

Source: Adapted from BGS (2010) and Goonan (2011).

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Copper mine grades and recoveries

Source: Citigroup (2011)

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Energy gy consumpt umption ion acros

• ss the convent

entional ional milk product duction ion and consumpt umption ion system em

Thank you From MFA to SEEA to SMM