2CL Protocols: Interaction Patterns Specification in Commitment Protocols Elisa Marengo Universit` a degli Studi di Torino Scuola di Dottorato in Scienze ed Alta Tecnologia Dottorato in Informatica Ph.D. Thesis Defence - Torino, October 19, 2012 Advisor: Prof. Matteo Baldoni - Prof. Cristina Baroglio Elisa Marengo (UNITO) 2CL Protocols October 19, 2012 1 / 41
Interaction Protocols Representation of Complex Systems Current trends: Advent of distributed and heterogeneous systems Moving from monolithic towards component-based approaches Moving from defining the flow of execution towards defining coordination among the components Interaction protocols are means for achieving the desired coordination among the components Elisa Marengo (UNITO) 2CL Protocols October 19, 2012 2 / 41
Interaction Protocols Representation of Complex Systems Current trends: Advent of distributed and heterogeneous systems Moving from monolithic towards component-based approaches Moving from defining the flow of execution towards defining coordination among the components Interaction protocols are means for achieving the desired coordination among the components Elisa Marengo (UNITO) 2CL Protocols October 19, 2012 2 / 41
Interaction Protocols Interaction Protocols Achieve coordination Providing all the necessary tools Accounting for components’ characteristics Elisa Marengo (UNITO) 2CL Protocols October 19, 2012 3 / 41
Interaction Protocols Interaction Protocols Achieve coordination Reuse Providing all the necessary tools Improving performances Accounting for components’ characteristics Decreasing costs Elisa Marengo (UNITO) 2CL Protocols October 19, 2012 3 / 41
Interaction Protocols Interaction Protocols Achieve coordination Reuse Providing all the necessary tools Improving performances Accounting for components’ characteristics Decreasing costs Applicable to real cases Elisa Marengo (UNITO) 2CL Protocols October 19, 2012 3 / 41
Interaction Protocols Interaction Protocols Achieve coordination Reuse Providing all the necessary tools Improving performances Accounting for components’ characteristics Decreasing costs Applicable to real cases Usable Tools Methodologies Supports Elisa Marengo (UNITO) 2CL Protocols October 19, 2012 3 / 41
Interaction Protocols Interaction Protocols Achieve coordination Reuse Providing all the necessary tools Improving performances Accounting for components’ characteristics Decreasing costs Applicable to real cases Formal Foundation Usable Tools Methodologies Supports Elisa Marengo (UNITO) 2CL Protocols October 19, 2012 3 / 41
Interaction Protocols Interaction Protocol and MASs A MAS is an abstraction used to simulate complex systems made of interacting parties ( agents ) where: the interacting parties are usually conceived as heterogeneous and autonomous; they interact in order to achieve some objectives . Interaction protocols are means to achieve coordination/cooperation in MASs [Weiss, 1999, Wooldridge, 2002] Elisa Marengo (UNITO) 2CL Protocols October 19, 2012 4 / 41
Interaction Protocols How to specify an Interaction Protocol? By specifying the allowed sequences of actions Automata Finite State Machines Petri Nets UML Diagrams (Sequence diagrams) AUML Diagrams (Interaction diagrams) By specifying only mandatory and forbidden requirements Expectation-based approaches Commitment-based approaches Elisa Marengo (UNITO) 2CL Protocols October 19, 2012 5 / 41
Interaction Protocols How to specify an Interaction Protocol? By specifying the allowed sequences of actions Automata Finite State Machines Petri Nets UML Diagrams (Sequence diagrams) AUML Diagrams (Interaction diagrams) By specifying only mandatory and forbidden requirements Expectation-based approaches Commitment-based approaches Elisa Marengo (UNITO) 2CL Protocols October 19, 2012 5 / 41
Interaction Protocols Commitment Protocols Commitment Protocols C( x , y , p , q ) In Commitment protocols [Yolum and Singh, 2002] By performing some actions the agents socially commit to do (or achieve) something The expectation is that at the end all commitments are satisfied Characteristics they respect the agents’ autonomy they allow agents for flexible behaviours (what rather than how) they are verifiable However, Commitment Protocols do not account for Patterns of Interaction Elisa Marengo (UNITO) 2CL Protocols October 19, 2012 6 / 41
Interaction Protocols Commitment Protocols Commitment Protocols C( x , y , p , q ) In Commitment protocols [Yolum and Singh, 2002] By performing some actions the agents socially commit to do (or achieve) something The expectation is that at the end all commitments are satisfied Characteristics they respect the agents’ autonomy they allow agents for flexible behaviours (what rather than how) they are verifiable However, Commitment Protocols do not account for Patterns of Interaction Elisa Marengo (UNITO) 2CL Protocols October 19, 2012 6 / 41
Interaction Protocols Commitment Protocols Commitment Protocols C( x , y , p , q ) In Commitment protocols [Yolum and Singh, 2002] By performing some actions the agents socially commit to do (or achieve) something The expectation is that at the end all commitments are satisfied Characteristics they respect the agents’ autonomy they allow agents for flexible behaviours (what rather than how) they are verifiable However, Commitment Protocols do not account for Patterns of Interaction Elisa Marengo (UNITO) 2CL Protocols October 19, 2012 6 / 41
Interaction Protocols Commitment Protocols Commitment Protocols C( x , y , p , q ) In Commitment protocols [Yolum and Singh, 2002] By performing some actions the agents socially commit to do (or achieve) something The expectation is that at the end all commitments are satisfied Characteristics they respect the agents’ autonomy they allow agents for flexible behaviours (what rather than how) they are verifiable However, Commitment Protocols do not account for Patterns of Interaction Elisa Marengo (UNITO) 2CL Protocols October 19, 2012 6 / 41
Interaction Protocols Patterns of Interaction Patterns of interaction They can be used for expressing requirements on the evolution of the interaction (e.g. agreements, norms, rules, conventions...) improving coordination They bring to the same state but... one may wish to say that only payment followed by shipment is acceptable Elisa Marengo (UNITO) 2CL Protocols October 19, 2012 7 / 41
Main Contributions Main Contributions Interaction and coordina- tion among agents Elisa Marengo (UNITO) 2CL Protocols October 19, 2012 8 / 41
Main Contributions 2CL Protocols Extend commitment protocols with the possibility of expressing patterns of interaction The specification is based on Constraints and Commitments: Commitments: Capture contractual/social relations among the interacting parties Constraints: Are used to represent patterns of interaction that the interaction is desired to respect. · M. Baldoni, C. Baroglio, E. Marengo, and V. Patti. Constitutive and Regulative Specifications of Commitment Protocols: a Decoupled Approach. ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology, Special Issue on Agent Communication, To appear. · M. Baldoni, C. Baroglio, and E. Marengo. Behavior-oriented Commitment- based Protocols. In Proc. of ECAI 2010. · M. Baldoni, C. Baroglio, and E. Marengo. Constraints among Commitments: Regulative Spec- ification of Interaction Protocols. In Proc. of AC 2010. Elisa Marengo (UNITO) 2CL Protocols October 19, 2012 9 / 41
Main Contributions Main Contributions Interaction and coordina- tion among agents Theoretical Framework Elisa Marengo (UNITO) 2CL Protocols October 19, 2012 10 / 41
Main Contributions Main Contributions Interaction and coordina- tion among agents Evaluation Theoretical Framework Elisa Marengo (UNITO) 2CL Protocols October 19, 2012 10 / 41
Main Contributions Main Contributions Interaction and coordina- Adaptation/Grafting tion among agents Evaluation Theoretical Framework Elisa Marengo (UNITO) 2CL Protocols October 19, 2012 10 / 41
Main Contributions Main Contributions Interaction and coordina- Adaptation/Grafting tion among agents Evaluation Theoretical Framework Protocol Engineering, Design and Analysis Elisa Marengo (UNITO) 2CL Protocols October 19, 2012 10 / 41
2CL Protocols Specification Interaction among Agents A 2CL interaction protocol P is a tuple Ro: interacting roles F: set of literals (facts and commitments) s 0 : initial state A: set of protocol actions Cst: set of constraints defining the patterns of interaction Elisa Marengo (UNITO) 2CL Protocols October 19, 2012 11 / 41
2CL Protocols Specification Constitutive Specification Constitutive Specification X means Y if Cond The set of actions A, defined on Ro and F, forms the Constitutive Specification [Searle, 1995] of a 2CL protocol Count-as relation X is a physical event, Y is a (set of) social event(s), Cond is the condition under which X acquires the specified meaning means captures a count-as relation between physical and social events social events correspond to operations on facts and commitments Elisa Marengo (UNITO) 2CL Protocols October 19, 2012 12 / 41
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