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3/6/2013 1 21When Jesus had crossed again in the boat
to the other side, a great crowd gathered around him; and he was by the sea. 22Then
- ne of the leaders of the synagogue named
21 When Jesus had crossed again in the boat to the other side, a - - PDF document
21 When Jesus had crossed again in the boat to the other side, a - - PDF document
3/6/2013 21 When Jesus had crossed again in the boat to the other side, a great crowd gathered around him; and he was by the sea. 22 Then one of the leaders of the synagogue named Jairus came and, when he saw him, fell at his feet 23 and
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Pray, teach, heal, move on Repeat Mark 5 Teach (interruption)
▪ Heal (interuption)
▪ Heal (without meaning to)
▪ Heal/raise the dead (?)
Mark 6 Move on Teach
Tension between immediacy and long term
development show up in Jesus’ ministry and in the development of the Moravian Church
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“Is there anything distinctive, then, about Moravian theology? If one is looking for strange
- r esoteric doctrines the answer is “no.” There
are, however, several emphases or methods of theological approach that may not exactly be unique to Moravian theology, but are certainly characteristic of it. In combination, these emphases and methods of approach allow us to speak of a distinctive Moravian theology.” (p. 12)
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3/6/2013 5 Zinzendorfian theology Juenger, Mama, Christel, Juengerin, Br. Joseph creative, affective, liberating, biblical Holy Spirit as the Mother of the Church Women in positions of authority Alternative social structure Provided health care, education available to others No homelessness or joblessness; economic viability
for singles 0f all ages
Care for the chronologically gifted Sustainable agricultural practices Groups formed 1728 Single Brothers 1730 Single Sisters Separate Housing and Industry begins Single Brothers 1739 Single Sisters 1740 Separate Housing for married persons in
Bethlehem/Nazareth was a new experiment
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Live separately Had separate officials and leaders Worked separately (not uncommon,
given 18th century division of labor)
Worshiped separately Sat in corporate worship separately Buried separately
Herrnhaag
Founded--1738 Essentially abandoned-- 1750 1000 residents Headquarters for the Brüdergemeine
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New at Herrnhaag
Planned
- Choir System in place
- Liturgical
development of Wounds Theology, Holy Spirit as Mother
- Ordination of women
at Marienborn
- Transatlantic
(Herrnhutwas already international and multi-cultural)
420 served as Akoluthae, 202 ordained as Diaconissae, 14 as Priesterinnen by 1760. Vernon Nelson’s research on the subject indicates that
48 women were ordained in America alone.
Moravian eldresses ordained other women. During the Count’s lifetime, the Brudergemeine
became even more radical in the roles it created for women in ministry.
Count Zinzendorf called for the public ordination of
women as priestess, which they had been doing only in private before, in 1758. There are indications that at least two women were, or at least functioned as, bishops.
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3/6/2013 8 Ingeborg Baldauf gives more
comprehensive numbers and the most inclusive dates noting a total of 379 women
- rdained from 1745 to 1790.
Ingeborg Baldauf, “Sisters Behind the Liturgical Table:
Introduction of the Ordination of Women in the European Continental Unity Province,” TMDK 17, (1999): 73-96.
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200+ Deaconesses in a 15 year period Priestesses
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Hedwig Elizabeth Marshall
also saw the ordination of the
first deaconesses (1740s)
Gertraud Graff Participated in the ordination of
- ther women
Both were ordained in Germany
and later served in Wachovia
- 1773
Rosina Kaske Biefel Bachhoff Schmidt Catherina Juliana Carmel Ernst Elizabeth Bagge
- 1781
Maria Bagge Anna Maria Quest
- 1786
Anna Catherina Antes (Kalberlahn Reuter
Heinzmann) Ernst
Maria Böckel Beck Peter Maria Elizabeth Praezel Benigna Peter Johanna Elizabeth Colver
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3/6/2013 12 Anna Leinbach Beck Anna Dorothea Böttger Benzien Rosina Louise Clemens Herbst Elizabeth Leibert Nielsen Praezel Maria Elizabeth Engel Praezel Sarah Utley Maria Barbara DegglerWallis Catherina Beroth Steiner (?)
1760-1786 Fully a decade longer ¼ century Wachovia Congregations Served by more women ordained after
the Zinzendorfs died than those ordained before
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3/6/2013 13 Six congregations 4 decades Changes in land costs, usage Wheat, grapes, silk, land speculation Changes in nationality Changes in type of settlement (Bethania) Legal acumen Power vacuum in the Moravian Church due
to deaths in the Zinzendorf family
Zinzendorf’s Household Tie with Jews Sunday was Liturgy
The work of the people
Expectation in Bethlehem
Also in Wachovia
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3/6/2013 14 Blood Theology, Wounds Theology Mystical Marriage Holy Spirit as the Mother Fully developed choir system Ordination of Women Familial references to the House of Zinzendorf Papa, der Jünger; Mama; Christel;Liesel Observance of Saturday Sabbath Why did they last in NC?
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3/6/2013 16 10 ordained in Salem At least some of these were not included in
Nelson’s figures
10 others ordained elsewhere, serving in
Wachovia
All 6 of the 18th century congregations,
with the exception of Hope, were served by a least one ordained woman.
THIS WAS POLICY, NOT AN ISOLATED
EVENT
Herrnhaag, Bethlehem, Christiansbrunn,
Bethabara, Salem
Cartographer, architect, town planner,
forester, game warden, visionary, poet
Gifted lay person
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3/6/2013 19 51% of Women Are Now Living Without Spouse By SAM ROBERTS January 16, 2007
- http://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/16/us/16census.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0
Who pays for whose education? Job creation Where and with whom do 20somethings live Sustainable agricultural practices Sustainable energy sources 1/8 adults over 65 suffer from ADRD. Currently 5.4 million Americans dealing with these
illnesses
By 2050 the number will increase to 16 million. Alzheimer’s Association’s studies indicate close to 15
million family caregivers
two to twenty years after diagnoses before succumbing
to the disease.
▪ – Erin Maurer, quoting AlzheimersAssociation
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3/6/2013 20 Zinzendorfian theology Juenger, Mama, Christel, Juengerin, Br. Joseph creative, affective, liberating, biblical Holy Spirit as the Mother of the Church Women in positions of authority Alternative social structure Provided health care, education available to others No homelessness or joblessness; economic viability
for singles 0f all ages
Care for the chronologically gifted Sustainable agricultural practices
Woundedness Pastoral Care, Marriage Counseling, Theodicy Henri Nouwen, Harville Hendrix, Bart Ehrman Distinctive Theologies Christ as Creator
▪ Unique approaches to theology and ecology ▪ Issues of land (belonging to the land)
Holy Spirit as Mother Women as church leaders (Feminine human and feminine divine
integrally related); what does it mean for women to be created in God’s image?
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