❇❡②♦♥❞ 2 c/ 2 ❙❡❝✉r✐t② ✐♥ ❙♣♦♥❣❡✲❇❛s❡❞ ❆✉t❤❡♥t✐❝❛t❡❞ ❊♥❝r②♣t✐♦♥ ▼♦❞❡s P❤✐❧✐♣♣ ❏♦✈❛♥♦✈✐❝ 1 ✱ ❆t✉❧ ▲✉②❦① 2 ✱ ❛♥❞ ❇❛rt ▼❡♥♥✐♥❦ 2 1 ❯♥✐✈❡rs✐tät P❛ss❛✉ 2 ❑❯ ▲❡✉✈❡♥ ❉■❆❈ ✖ ❆✉❣✉st ✷✸✱ ✷✵✶✹ ✶ ✴ ✶✺
❙❡❝✉r✐t② ❣♦❛❧s✿ ♣r✐✈❛❝② ✰ ✐♥t❡❣r✐t② ◆♦♥❝❡✲❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥t ♦r s❡❝✉r✐t② ❛❣❛✐♥st ♥♦♥❝❡✲r❡✉s❡ ❆✉t❤❡♥t✐❝❛t❡❞ ❊♥❝r②♣t✐♦♥ • ❊♥❝r②♣t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❛✉t❤❡♥t✐❝❛t✐♦♥ ✐♥ ♦♥❡ • ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥s✿ ❙❙❍✱ ■Ps❡❝✱ ❚▲❙✱ ■❊❊❊ ✽✵✷✳✶✶ • ❈❆❊❙❆❘ ❝♦♠♣❡t✐t✐♦♥ ✷ ✴ ✶✺
❙❡❝✉r✐t② ❣♦❛❧s✿ ♣r✐✈❛❝② ✰ ✐♥t❡❣r✐t② ◆♦♥❝❡✲❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥t ♦r s❡❝✉r✐t② ❛❣❛✐♥st ♥♦♥❝❡✲r❡✉s❡ ❆✉t❤❡♥t✐❝❛t❡❞ ❊♥❝r②♣t✐♦♥ • ❊♥❝r②♣t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❛✉t❤❡♥t✐❝❛t✐♦♥ ✐♥ ♦♥❡ • ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥s✿ ❙❙❍✱ ■Ps❡❝✱ ❚▲❙✱ ■❊❊❊ ✽✵✷✳✶✶ • ❈❆❊❙❆❘ ❝♦♠♣❡t✐t✐♦♥ M N, H AE K C, A ✷ ✴ ✶✺
❆✉t❤❡♥t✐❝❛t❡❞ ❊♥❝r②♣t✐♦♥ • ❊♥❝r②♣t✐♦♥ ❛♥❞ ❛✉t❤❡♥t✐❝❛t✐♦♥ ✐♥ ♦♥❡ • ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥s✿ ❙❙❍✱ ■Ps❡❝✱ ❚▲❙✱ ■❊❊❊ ✽✵✷✳✶✶ • ❈❆❊❙❆❘ ❝♦♠♣❡t✐t✐♦♥ M N, H AE K C, A • ❙❡❝✉r✐t② ❣♦❛❧s✿ ♣r✐✈❛❝② ✰ ✐♥t❡❣r✐t② • ◆♦♥❝❡✲❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥t ♦r s❡❝✉r✐t② ❛❣❛✐♥st ♥♦♥❝❡✲r❡✉s❡ ✷ ✴ ✶✺
✲ ▼❆❈✿ ❑❡②❡❞ s♣♦♥❣❡ ✭s❡❝r❡t ❦❡② ♣r❡♣❡♥❞❡❞ t♦ ✮ ❆❊✿ ❙♣♦♥❣❡❲r❛♣ ✭❞✉♣❧❡①✐♥❣ ♠♦❞❡✮ ❙♣♦♥❣❡ ❋✉♥❝t✐♦♥s ( M 1 ) M ... M u A 1 A ... A v r 0 p p p p p p c 0 • ❇❡rt♦♥✐✱ ❉❛❡♠❡♥✱ P❡❡t❡rs✱ ❛♥❞ ❱❛♥ ❆ss❝❤❡ ✭✷✵✵✼✮ • ❇❛s❡❞ ♦♥ ♣❡r♠✉t❛t✐♦♥ p • b = r + c ✸ ✴ ✶✺
✲ ❆❊✿ ❙♣♦♥❣❡❲r❛♣ ✭❞✉♣❧❡①✐♥❣ ♠♦❞❡✮ ❙♣♦♥❣❡ ❋✉♥❝t✐♦♥s ( KM ) 1 ( KM ) ... ( KM ) u A 1 A ... A v r 0 p p p p p p c 0 • ❇❡rt♦♥✐✱ ❉❛❡♠❡♥✱ P❡❡t❡rs✱ ❛♥❞ ❱❛♥ ❆ss❝❤❡ ✭✷✵✵✼✮ • ❇❛s❡❞ ♦♥ ♣❡r♠✉t❛t✐♦♥ p • b = r + c • ▼❆❈✿ ❑❡②❡❞ s♣♦♥❣❡ ✭s❡❝r❡t ❦❡② K ♣r❡♣❡♥❞❡❞ t♦ M ✮ ✸ ✴ ✶✺
✲ ❙♣♦♥❣❡ ❋✉♥❝t✐♦♥s ( KNH ) 1 ( KNH ) ... ( KNH ) u M 1 C 1 M ... C ... M v C v r 0 A p p p p p p c 0 • ❇❡rt♦♥✐✱ ❉❛❡♠❡♥✱ P❡❡t❡rs✱ ❛♥❞ ❱❛♥ ❆ss❝❤❡ ✭✷✵✵✼✮ • ❇❛s❡❞ ♦♥ ♣❡r♠✉t❛t✐♦♥ p • b = r + c • ▼❆❈✿ ❑❡②❡❞ s♣♦♥❣❡ ✭s❡❝r❡t ❦❡② K ♣r❡♣❡♥❞❡❞ t♦ M ✮ • ❆❊✿ ❙♣♦♥❣❡❲r❛♣ ✭❞✉♣❧❡①✐♥❣ ♠♦❞❡✮ ✸ ✴ ✶✺
❑❡②❡❞ s♣♦♥❣❡ ✭▼❆❈✮ s❡❝✉r✐t② ✭ ♦✤✐♥❡ ❝♦♠♣❧✳✮ s❡❝✉r✐t② ❙♣♦♥❣❡❲r❛♣ ✭❆❊✮ s❡❝✉r✐t② ✭♣r✐✈❛❝②✮ s❡❝✉r✐t② ✭✐♥t❡❣r✐t②✮ ❙♣♦♥❣❡ ❋✉♥❝t✐♦♥s 2 c/ 2 s❡❝✉r✐t② ❙♣♦♥❣❡ ✭❤❛s❤✮ c ❂ ❝❛♣❛❝✐t② κ ❂ ❦❡② s✐③❡ τ ❂ t❛❣ s✐③❡ ✹ ✴ ✶✺
s❡❝✉r✐t② ❙♣♦♥❣❡❲r❛♣ ✭❆❊✮ s❡❝✉r✐t② ✭♣r✐✈❛❝②✮ s❡❝✉r✐t② ✭✐♥t❡❣r✐t②✮ ❙♣♦♥❣❡ ❋✉♥❝t✐♦♥s 2 c/ 2 s❡❝✉r✐t② ❙♣♦♥❣❡ ✭❤❛s❤✮ min { 2 c − a , 2 κ } s❡❝✉r✐t② ✭ 2 a ♦✤✐♥❡ ❝♦♠♣❧✳✮ ❑❡②❡❞ s♣♦♥❣❡ ✭▼❆❈✮ c ❂ ❝❛♣❛❝✐t② κ ❂ ❦❡② s✐③❡ τ ❂ t❛❣ s✐③❡ ✹ ✴ ✶✺
❙♣♦♥❣❡❲r❛♣ ✭❆❊✮ s❡❝✉r✐t② ✭♣r✐✈❛❝②✮ s❡❝✉r✐t② ✭✐♥t❡❣r✐t②✮ ❙♣♦♥❣❡ ❋✉♥❝t✐♦♥s 2 c/ 2 s❡❝✉r✐t② ❙♣♦♥❣❡ ✭❤❛s❤✮ min { 2 c − a , 2 κ } s❡❝✉r✐t② ✭ 2 a ♦✤✐♥❡ ❝♦♠♣❧✳✮ ❑❡②❡❞ s♣♦♥❣❡ ✭▼❆❈✮ ≈ min { 2 c/ 2 , 2 κ } s❡❝✉r✐t② c ❂ ❝❛♣❛❝✐t② κ ❂ ❦❡② s✐③❡ τ ❂ t❛❣ s✐③❡ ✹ ✴ ✶✺
❙♣♦♥❣❡ ❋✉♥❝t✐♦♥s 2 c/ 2 s❡❝✉r✐t② ❙♣♦♥❣❡ ✭❤❛s❤✮ min { 2 c − a , 2 κ } s❡❝✉r✐t② ✭ 2 a ♦✤✐♥❡ ❝♦♠♣❧✳✮ ❑❡②❡❞ s♣♦♥❣❡ ✭▼❆❈✮ ≈ min { 2 c/ 2 , 2 κ } s❡❝✉r✐t② min { 2 c/ 2 , 2 κ } s❡❝✉r✐t② ✭♣r✐✈❛❝②✮ ❙♣♦♥❣❡❲r❛♣ ✭❆❊✮ min { 2 c/ 2 , 2 κ , 2 τ } s❡❝✉r✐t② ✭✐♥t❡❣r✐t②✮ c ❂ ❝❛♣❛❝✐t② κ ❂ ❦❡② s✐③❡ τ ❂ t❛❣ s✐③❡ ✹ ✴ ✶✺
❙♣♦♥❣❡✲❇❛s❡❞ ❈❆❊❙❆❘ ▼♦❞❡s Artemia Ascon CBEAM&STRIBOB ICEPOLE a l i a r t u s a 1 u s a 3 p o 3 l a n 3 4 1 d 1 norway iran austria k u π -Cipher Ketje&Keyak NORX PRIMATEs netherlands austria 0 . 5 japan a i n italy switzerland o 1 germany d e 1 c d a 1 m 1 . 5 e . n 1 1 r m 1 a r k china 4 . 5 y 0 . 5 5 4 a b belgium w e 1 l r g o i u n m portugal ✺ ✴ ✶✺
❙♣♦♥❣❡✲❇❛s❡❞ ❈❆❊❙❆❘ ▼♦❞❡s . Australia R.Macedonia 1 1 3 1 Austria Netherlands 1 5 Belgium Norway 3 China Poland Portugal Denmark 6 . 5 13 Germany Switzerland Iran UK 0 . 5 Italy USA 2 1 1 . 5 3 0 . 51 1 Japan . ✺ ✴ ✶✺
■♥t❡r♠❡③③♦ ✕ ❆❧❧ ❈❆❊❙❆❘ ❈♦♥tr✐❜✉t♦rs . Belgium France China Poland 4 4 17 4 Singapore Argentina 4 29 4 Japan Australia 5 5 28 . 5 USA India 5 Germany 6 . 5 Switzerland 22 8 Denmark UK 9 16 17 Norway Other Austria . ✻ ✴ ✶✺
■♥t❡r♠❡③③♦ ✕ ❆❧❧ ❈❆❊❙❆❘ ❈♦♥tr✐❜✉t♦rs ✭✶✵✳✵✵✵✳✵✵✵✴❝❛♣✐t❛✮ . 1 . 7 3 . 7 9 . 9 4 . 9 Singapore Austria 5 . 9 Luxembourg Switzerland 40 . 7 12 . 1 Belgium Israel 12 . 7 Denmark Australia 36 . 4 Norway 14 . 2 Other 25 . 9 R.Macedonia . ✻ ✴ ✶✺
■♥t❡r♠❡③③♦ ✕ ❆❧❧ ❈❆❊❙❆❘ ❈♦♥tr✐❜✉t♦rs ✭♥♦ ❞✉♣❧✐❝❛t❡✮ . Belgium Australia China Austria 3 15 3 USA Denmark 18 . 5 3 4 Japan Switzerland 4 18 . 5 Germany India 4 4 Singapore Iran 13 5 Norway Israel 5 12 . 5 5 . 5 9 France Other 9 Poland . ✻ ✴ ✶✺
s❡❝✉r✐t② ♣❛r❛♠❡t❡rs ✭t✐❣❤t✮ ❜❛s❡❞ ♦♥ ❛♥❞ r❡s✉❧ts ◆♦♥❝❡ ❝❤❛♥❣❡s ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣✦ ❙♣♦♥❣❡✲❇❛s❡❞ ❈❆❊❙❆❘ ▼♦❞❡s s❡❝✉r✐t② ❛❣❛✐♥st ♥♦♥❝❡✲❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥t ♥♦♥❝❡✲r❡✉s❡ ❆P❊ 2 , 3 ❆rt❡♠✐❛ ❆s❝♦♥ ❈❇❊❆▼✴❙❚❘■❇❖❇ 1 ■❈❊P❖▲❊ ❑❡t❥❡ ❑❡②❛❦ ◆❖❘❳ π ✲❈✐♣❤❡r ●■❇❇❖◆✴❍❆◆❯▼❆◆ 2 1 ❈❇❊❆▼ ❛♥❞ ❙❚❘■❇❖❇ ✉s❡ ❇▲◆❑ s♣♦♥❣❡ ♠♦❞❡ 2 P❘■▼❆❚❊s ❂ { ●■❇❇❖◆ , ❍❆◆❯▼❆◆ , ❆P❊ } 3 ❛❧s♦ ✉s❡❞ ✐♥ s✉❜♠✐ss✐♦♥ Prøst ✼ ✴ ✶✺
♣❛r❛♠❡t❡rs ❜❛s❡❞ ♦♥ ❛♥❞ r❡s✉❧ts ◆♦♥❝❡ ❝❤❛♥❣❡s ❡✈❡r②t❤✐♥❣✦ ❙♣♦♥❣❡✲❇❛s❡❞ ❈❆❊❙❆❘ ▼♦❞❡s s❡❝✉r✐t② ❛❣❛✐♥st ♥♦♥❝❡✲❞❡♣❡♥❞❡♥t ♥♦♥❝❡✲r❡✉s❡ ❆P❊ 2 , 3 ❆rt❡♠✐❛ − ← ❆s❝♦♥ ❈❇❊❆▼✴❙❚❘■❇❖❇ 1 2 c/ 2 s❡❝✉r✐t② ■❈❊P❖▲❊ ❑❡t❥❡ ✭t✐❣❤t✮ ❑❡②❛❦ ◆❖❘❳ π ✲❈✐♣❤❡r ●■❇❇❖◆✴❍❆◆❯▼❆◆ 2 1 ❈❇❊❆▼ ❛♥❞ ❙❚❘■❇❖❇ ✉s❡ ❇▲◆❑ s♣♦♥❣❡ ♠♦❞❡ 2 P❘■▼❆❚❊s ❂ { ●■❇❇❖◆ , ❍❆◆❯▼❆◆ , ❆P❊ } 3 ❛❧s♦ ✉s❡❞ ✐♥ s✉❜♠✐ss✐♦♥ Prøst ✼ ✴ ✶✺
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