12 GeV Neutron/3He Transversity/TMDs with SoLID Brief review on - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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12 GeV Neutron/3He Transversity/TMDs with SoLID Brief review on - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Second Workshop on Hadron Physics in China and Opportunities with 12 GeV JLab July 27- July 31, 2010 Tsinghua University Beijing China 12 GeV Neutron/3He Transversity/TMDs with SoLID Brief review on nucleon longitudinal spin

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SLIDE 1

12 GeV Neutron/3He Transversity/TMDs with SoLID

  • Brief review on nucleon longitudinal spin structure
  • Experimental access to TMDs
  • 12 GeV SoLID Experiment
  • Summary

Haiyan Gao

Duke University Durham, NC, U.S.A.

Second Workshop on Hadron Physics in China and Opportunities with 12 GeV JLab

July 27- July 31, 2010 Tsinghua University，Beijing，China

Second Workshop on Hadron Physics in China and Opportunities with 12 GeV JLab

July 27- July 31, 2010, Beijing，China

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SLIDE 2

Nucleon Spin Structure

  • Understand Nucleon Spin in terms of quarks and

gluons (QCD).

– Nucleon spin is ½ at all energies. – Small contribution from quarks and gluons’ intrinsic spin – Orbital angular momentum of quarks and gluons is important

  • Understanding of spin-orbit correlations.

~30% from data “spin crisis”

Nucleon’s spin Ji’s Sum Rule J q

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SLIDE 3

Longitudinal Spin Structure

1L

g

Probability for quark polarized in the nucleon spin direction

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SLIDE 4

Horst Fischer DIS2010

@Lepton facilities

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SLIDE 5

Horst Fischer DIS2010 See Talk 1193 by F. Kunne SLAC and JLab 3He data not shown

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SLIDE 6

Horst Fischer DIS2010 See Talk 1193 by F. Kunne

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SLIDE 7

Horst Fischer DIS2010 Talks by Surrow 636, Haggerty 1013

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SLIDE 8

Horst Fischer DIS2010 STAR PV SSA results from W production (B. Surrow, Talk 636)

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SLIDE 9

Parton Distributions (CTEQ and DSSV)

DSSV, PRL101, 072001 (2008) CTEQ-TEA, H.L. Lai et al, arXiv:1007.2241

Polarized PDFs Unpolarized PDFs Stefano Forte Talk 509

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SLIDE 10

Transverse Momentum-dependent parton distributions (TMDs)

At leading twist 8 total, only 3 TMDs non vanishing upon integrating over transverse momentum of the quark So how to study transversity and other TMDs experimentally?

Q: how about quark transverse momentum ? 3-D description in momentum space?

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SLIDE 11

Transverse Spin Structure

  • Some characteristics of transversity

−

h1T = g1L for non-relativistic quarks

−

No gluon transversity in nucleon

−

Chiral-odd → difficult to access in inclusive DIS

− Soffer’s bound − |h1T| <= (f1+g1L)/2

Longitudinal Spin structure function: g1L Its transverse spin counter part (Transversity): h1T

1 1 1

Nucleon tensor charge =

T

h dx

−

∫

N N q q

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SLIDE 12

Quark polarization Un‐Polarized Longitudinally Polarized Transversely Polarized Nucleon Polarization U L T

All Leading Twist TMDs

f 1T

⊥ =

f1 = g1 = g1T

⊥ =

h1L

⊥ =

h1

⊥ =

h1T = h1T

⊥ =

Transversity Boer‐Mulder Pretzelosity Sivers Helicity

Nucleon Spin Quark Spin

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SLIDE 13

Access TMDs through Hard Processes

Partonic scattering amplitude Fragmentation amplitude Distribution amplitude

proton lepton lepton pion proton proton lepton antilepton

Drell-Yan

BNL

JPARC FNAL EIC

SIDIS

electron positron pion pion

e–e+ to pions

1 1

(SIDIS) (DY) h h

⊥ ⊥

= −

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SLIDE 14

Access Parton Distributions through Semi- Inclusive DIS

...]} ) cos( 1 [ ...] 1 [ ...] ) 3 sin( ...) ( ) sin( ) sin( [ ...] ) 2 sin( [ ... ) 2 cos( ... { ) 1 ( 2

) cos( 2 2 ) 3 sin( ) sin( ) sin( ) 2 sin( ) 2 cos( , 2 2 2 2

+ ⋅ − − + + ⋅ − + + ⋅ − + + ⋅ − + ⋅ + + + ⋅ + + ⋅ + + ⋅ − =

− − − + ⊥

S h S h S h S h h h

LT S h e T LL e L UT S h UL S h UT S h T UL h L UU h T UU h h S

F S F S F F F S F S F F y xyQ dP dzd dxdyd d

φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ φ

φ φ ε λ ε λ φ φ ε φ φ φ φ ε φ ε φ ε ε α φ φ σ

Unpolarized Polarized Target Polarized Beam and Target

SL, ST: Target Polarization; λe: Beam Polarization

Boer‐Mulder Sivers Transversity Pretzelosity

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SLIDE 15

Separation of Collins, Sivers and pretzelocity effects through angular dependence

1 ( , ) sin( ) sin( ) sin(3 )

l l UT h S h S Siver Collins Pretzelosi UT ty U s UT h S h S T

N N A P N A A N A ϕ ϕ φ φ φ φ φ φ

↑ ↓ ↑ ↓

− = + = + + − + −

1 1 1 1 1 1

sin( ) sin(3 ) sin( )

Co Pretzelosity U Sivers UT llins T h S T h S UT UT h S T U UT T

A H f A D A h H h φ φ φ φ φ φ

⊥ ⊥ ⊥ ⊥

∝ ∝ − + ∝ ⊗ − ∝ ⊗ ⊗ ∝ ∝

SIDIS SSAs depend on 4-D variables (x, Q2, z and PT ) Large angular coverage and precision measurement of asymmetries in 4-D phase space is essential.

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SLIDE 16

AUT

sin(φ) from transv. pol. H target

`Collins‘ moments

  • Non-zero Collins asymmetry
  • Assume δq(x) from model, then

H1_unfav ~ -H1_fav

  • H1 from Belle (arXiv:0805:2975)

`Sivers‘ moments

  • Sivers function nonzero (π+)→
  • rbital angular momentum of quarks
  • Regular flagmentation functions

Klaus Rith , Talk 1194

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SLIDE 17

Transversity Distributions

A global fit to the HERMES p, COMPASS d and BELLE e+e- data by the Torino group, Anselmino et al.,

arXiv:0812.4366

1 T T

h Δ =

Solid red line : transversity distribution, analysis at Q2=2.4 (GeV/c)2 Solid blue line: Soffer bound |h1T| <= (f1+g1L)/2 GRV98LO + GRSV98LO Dashed line: helicity distribution g1L, GRSV98LO

  • A. Prokudin, Talk 1059
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SLIDE 18

Extraction of Sivers fcn (HERMES p, COMPASS d) and COMPASS d) Ext: M. Anselmino et al., arXiv:0812.4366

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SLIDE 19

Jefferson Lab Experimental Halls

HallA: two HRS’ Hall B:CLAS Hall C: HMS+SOS 6 GeV polarized CW electron beam Pol=85%, 180μA Will be upgraded to 12 GeV by ~2014 with a new Hall D

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SLIDE 20

JLab E06-010 Experiment

  • Polarized 3He Target, > 60%

with beam, world record

  • Polarized Electron Beam

– ~80% Polarization – Fast Flipping at 30Hz – PPM Level Charge Asymmetry controlled by online feed back

  • BigBite at 30º as Electron Arm

– Pe = 0.7 ~ 2.2 GeV/c

  • HRSL at 16º as Hadron Arm

– Ph = 2.35 GeV/c

20 Beam Polarimetry (Møller + Compton) Luminosity Monitor

Jian-Ping Chen July 29

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SLIDE 21

Electron Arm: BigBite

  • Drift Chamber for

Tracking

  • Shower counter for

electron PID.

  • Scintillator for Timing

Wire chamber Gas Cerenkov Shower system Scintillator Magnetic field shielding Optics Slot-slit

  • 64 msr
  • Large out-of-plane

acceptance, essential for separating Collins/Sivers effect

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SLIDE 22

High Resolution Spectrometer

  • Left HRS to detect hadrons of ph = 2.35 GeV/c
  • QQDQ magnet configuration

– Very high momentum resolution

  • Vertical Drift Chambers

– Tracking and momentum

  • Scintillator trigger planes
  • Aerogel Cherenkov counter

– n = 1.015

  • RICH detector

– n = 1.30

  • Gas Cherenkov
  • Lead‐glass detectors

Detector Hut D1 Q1 Q2 Q3 Detector Package

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SLIDE 23

Data Coverage

Kinematics Coverage pT & ϕh- ϕS Coverage

Q2>1GeV2 W>2.3GeV z=0.4~0.6 W’>1.6GeV x bin 1 2 3 4

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SLIDE 24

J.P. Chen, GDH, Chiral06 24

6 GeV Preliminary Results

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SLIDE 25

Results on 3He (Clear Non‐zero for π+)

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SLIDE 26

Results on 3He (Consistent with zero for π‐)

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SLIDE 27

PR‐10‐006: Update to PR‐09‐014

Nucleon Transversity at 11 GeV Using a Polarized

3He Target and SOLid in Hall A

Approved by JLab PAC35 E12‐10‐006

(

Beijing U., CalState-LA, CIAE, W&M, Duke, FIU, Hampton, Huangshan U., Cagliari U. and INFN, INFN-Bari and U. of Bari, INFN-Frascati, INFN-Pavia, Torino U. and INFN, JLab, JSI (Slovenia), Lanzhou U, LBNL, Longwood U, LANL, MIT, Miss. State, New Mexico, ODU, Penn State at Berks, Rutgers, Seoul Nat. U., St. Mary’s, Syracuse, Tel aviv, Temple, Tsinghua U, UConn, Glasgow, UIUC, Kentucky, Maryland, UMass, New Hampshire, USTC, UVa and the Hall A Collaboration

Strong theory support, Over 130 collaborators, 40 institutions, 8 countries, strong overlap with PVDIS Collaboration

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SLIDE 28

GEMs

(study done with CDF magnet, 1.5T) Study done with CDF and BarBar magnets (CDF shown here)

Experiment E12-10-006

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SLIDE 29

Kinematic Coverage

  • Precision 4‐D (x, Q2, pT and z)

mapping of Collins, Sivers and pretzelosity.

  • Coverage with 11 GeV beam

shown here – Black: forward angle – Green: large angle

  • xB: 0.1 ~ 0.6
  • PT: 0 ~ 1.5 GeV/c
  • W: 2.3 ~ 4 GeV
  • z: 0.3 ~ 0.7
  • Mm: 1.6~ 3.3 GeV
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SLIDE 30

Tracking with GEM detectors

  • 5 planes reconfigured from PVDIS GEM detectors (23 m2)
  • Total surface for this experiment ~ 18 m2
  • Need to build the first plane 1.15 m2
  • Electronics will be shared

PAC 34 report

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SLIDE 31

Particle Identification

  • Large angle side: 14.5o – 22o (Electron only)

– Momentum: 3.5 – 6.0 GeV/c – π/e < 1.5 – Shashlyk calorimeter: (Pre‐shower/Shower)

  • Forward angle side: 6.6o – 12o (Electron and Pion)

– Momentum: 0.9 – 7.0 GeV/c – Calorimeter: Pre‐shower/Shower splitting – Light Gas Cherenkov for electron identification – Heavy Gas Cherenkov and TOF detectors for hadron identification

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SLIDE 32

Hadron Identification

  • Momentum range: 0.9 – 7.0 GeV/c
  • Configuration for only pion identification

Gas Cherenkov: CO2@ 1 atm n = 1.000585, 210 cm N.P.E. ~ 17 (80:1 pion rejection) P (GeV) Heavy Gas Cherenkov: C4F10@1.5 atm n = 1.0021, 80 cm N.P.E ~ 25 (50:1 kaon rejection)

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SLIDE 33
  • π/K separation up to 2.5 GeV/c

– assume 9 meter path‐length: (20:1 kaon rejection at 2.5 GeV/c)

  • Can also help to suppress photon events

– Multi‐Resistive Plate Chamber

– σ < 80ps – Rates > 0.28 kHz/mm2 – Estimated rates: 0.1 kHz/mm2

Time‐of‐Flight (MRPC)

600 ps < 2.3 GeV

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SLIDE 34

Projected Data

  • Total 1400 bins in x, Pt and z for 11/8.8 GeV beam.
  • z ranges from 0.3 ~ 0.7, only a sub‐range of 11/8.8 GeV shown here.
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SLIDE 35
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SLIDE 36

Power of SOLID

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SLIDE 37

Responsibilities

  • CO2 gas Cerenkov detector: Temple U.
  • Heavy Gas Cerenkov: Temple U.
  • ECal: W&M, UMass, JLab, Rutgers, Syracuse
  • GEM detectors:UVa, Miss State, W&M, Chinese Collaboration (CIAE,

Huangshan U, PKU, LZU, Tsinghua, USTC), UKY, Korean Collaboration (Seoul National U)

  • Scintillator: Chinese Cobllaboration, Duke
  • MRPC: Tsinghua Univ., Duke
  • Electronics: JLab
  • DAQ: LANL, UVa and JLab
  • Magnet: JLab and UMass
  • Simulation: JLab and Duke

Large overlap between this collaboration and PVDIS: Collaboration has extensive experience with various detectors

Blue: common with PVDIS Black: part in common with PVDIS Red: This experiment only

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SLIDE 38

Summary

  • The study of chiral‐odd quark distribution (transversity, Sivers

function, …) and fragmentation function (Collins function): an exciting, rapidly developing frontier, worldwide effort

– JLab is becoming a major player, more so with 12 GeV upgrade and the approval of the SoLID experiment

  • 11 GeV with Solenoid and polarized 3He target allows for

– Precision 4‐d mapping of neutron Collins, Sivers, and pretzelocity asymmetries, and the extraction of transversity, Sivers and pretzlocity distribution functions

  • Together with world proton results provides determination of

tensor charge of d quark

– Provide benchmark test of Lattice QCD calculations Supported in part by U.S. Department of Energy under contract number DE-FG02-03ER41231