101 E C O L O G Y A N D B I O D I V E R S I T Y Introductions - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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101 E C O L O G Y A N D B I O D I V E R S I T Y Introductions - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Apr 20, 2023 331 likes •1.1k views

General Biology 101 E C O L O G Y A N D B I O D I V E R S I T Y Introductions Syllabus Term Schedule Expectations Getting help! Introductions Name Tags Your NAME 1. 2. TWO DRAWINGS that tell me something about YOU On the

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E C O L O G Y A N D B I O D I V E R S I T Y

General Biology 101

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Introductions

Syllabus

 Term Schedule  Expectations  Getting help!

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Introductions

Name Tags –

1.

Your NAME

  • 2. TWO DRAWINGS that tell me something about

YOU

3.

On the inside, tell me something about your learning style – how do you learn best?

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Chapter 1: Life on Earth

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Chapter 1: Life on Earth

OUTCOMES:

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Chapter 1: Life on Earth

OUTCOMES:

 Discuss community interactions

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Chapter 1: Life on Earth

OUTCOMES:

 Discuss community interactions  Explain how changes in human population and/or

actions impact natural ecosystems

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Chapter 1: Life on Earth

OUTCOMES:

 Discuss community interactions  Explain how changes in human population and/or

actions impact natural ecosystems

 Describe the movement of energy & nutrients

through trophic levels

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Chapter 1: Life on Earth

OUTCOMES:

 Discuss community interactions  Explain how changes in human population and/or

actions impact natural ecosystems

 Describe the movement of energy & nutrients

through trophic levels

 Recognize the appropriate taxonomic level of an

  • rganism based on key characteristics or traits
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Chapter 1: Life on Earth

 A set of natural “laws” exist that apply to all living

  • rganisms/systems

 Hypothesis: supposition, based on previous observations  Tested with experimentation

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Chapter 1: Life on Earth

 A set of natural “laws” exist that apply to all living

  • rganisms/systems

 Hypothesis: supposition, based on previous observations  Tested with experimentation

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Chapter 1: Life on Earth

 A set of natural “laws” exist that apply to all living

  • rganisms/systems

 Hypothesis  Theory: an explanation of natural phenomena, developed

through extensive observation and experimentation

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Chapter 1: Life on Earth

 A set of natural “laws” exist that apply to all living

  • rganisms/systems

 Hypothesis  Theory: an explanation of natural phenomena, developed

through extensive observation and experimentation “If we knew what we were doing, we wouldn’t call it RESEARCH.”

  • Albert Einstein
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Chapter 1: Life on Earth

 A set of natural “laws” exist that apply to all living

  • rganisms/systems

 Hypothesis  Theory  LAW: An absolute; a mathematically prove-able fact

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Chapter 1: Life on Earth

 A set of natural “laws” exist that apply to all living

  • rganisms/systems

 Hypothesis  Theory  LAW: Newton’s Law of Gravity

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Chapter 1: Life on Earth

 A set of natural “laws” exist that apply to all living

  • rganisms/systems

 Hypothesis  Theory  Four LAWS of Thermodynamics

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Chapter 1: Life on Earth

Biology: Science/Study of LIFE

 BIOTIC vs. ABIOTIC

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Chapter 1: Life on Earth

Biology: Science/Study of LIFE

 What defines “Alive”?

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Chapter 1: Life on Earth

Biology: Science/Study of LIFE

 What defines “Alive”: set of characteristics 1.

Composed of cells with organized structure

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Chapter 1: Life on Earth

Biology: Science/Study of LIFE

 What defines “Alive”: set of characteristics 1.

Composed of cells with organized structure

  • 2. Organized structure is actively maintained –

homeostasis

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Chapter 1: Life on Earth

Biology: Science/Study of LIFE

 What defines “Alive”: set of characteristics 1.

Composed of cells with organized structure

  • 2. Organized structure is actively maintained –

homeostasis

3.

Respond to stimuli from the environment

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Chapter 1: Life on Earth

Biology: Science/Study of LIFE

 What defines “Alive”: set of characteristics 1.

Composed of cells with organized structure

  • 2. Organized structure is actively maintained –

homeostasis

3.

Respond to stimuli from the environment

  • 4. Acquire/use energy from the environment
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Chapter 1: Life on Earth

Biology: Science/Study of LIFE

 What defines “Alive”: set of characteristics 1.

Composed of cells with organized structure

  • 2. Organized structure is actively maintained –

homeostasis

3.

Respond to stimuli from the environment

  • 4. Acquire/use energy from the environment

5.

Convert to usable form – GROW

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Chapter 1: Life on Earth

Biology: Science/Study of LIFE

 What defines “Alive”: set of characteristics 1.

Composed of cells with organized structure

  • 2. Organized structure is actively maintained –

homeostasis

3.

Respond to stimuli from the environment

  • 4. Acquire/use energy from the environment

5.

Convert to usable form – GROW

  • 6. Able to reproduce
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Chapter 1: Life on Earth

Biology: Science/Study of LIFE

 What defines “Alive”: set of characteristics 1.

Composed of cells with organized structure

  • 2. Organized structure is actively maintained –

homeostasis

3.

Respond to stimuli from the environment

  • 4. Acquire/use energy from the environment

5.

Convert to usable form – GROW

  • 6. Able to reproduce

7.

Populations can evolve over time

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Chapter 1: Life on Earth

The Theory of Evolution “Nothing in Biology makes sense, except in the light of evolution.”

  • Theodosius Dobzhansky
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Chapter 1: Life on Earth

The Theory of Evolution:

 Why don’t snakes have legs?  Why do we find fossils of animals that don’t exist?  Why do we share more than 95% of our genetic code

with monkeys?

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Chapter 1: Life on Earth

The Theory of Evolution

 Descent with modification

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Chapter 1: Life on Earth

The Theory of Evolution

 Descent with modification

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Chapter 1: Life on Earth

The Theory of Evolution

 Descent with modification

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Chapter 1: Life on Earth

The Theory of Evolution

 Descent with modification: Natural Selection

 Charles Darwin/Alfred Russel Wallace

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Chapter 1: Life on Earth

The Theory of Evolution

 Descent with modification: Natural Selection

 Traits that enhance an organism’s ability to SURVIVE to

REPRODUCE and create VIABLE offspring

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Chapter 1: Life on Earth

THE BIOLOGICAL IMPERATIVE: SURVIVE to REPRODUCE and create VIABLE

  • ffspring.
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Chapter 1: Life on Earth

The Theory of Evolution

 Descent with modification: Natural Selection

 Traits vary according to organism

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Chapter 1: Life on Earth

The Theory of Evolution

 Descent with modification: Natural Selection

 Traits vary according to organism  Traits enhancing survivorship/reproduction are

ADAPTATIONS

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Chapter 1: Life on Earth

Natural Selection: The Rules

1.

Variation must occur between individuals in a population (“mutations”)

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Chapter 1: Life on Earth

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Chapter 1: Life on Earth

Natural Selection: The Rules

1.

Variation must occur between individuals in a population

  • 2. Competition and mortality must exist in the

population

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Chapter 1: Life on Earth

Natural Selection: The Rules

1.

Variation must occur between individuals in a population

  • 2. Competition and mortality must exist in the

population

3.

Some variations must enhance survivorship/ reproductive ability

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Baobab trees, Africa

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Chapter 1: Life on Earth

Natural Selection: The Rules

1.

Variation must occur between individuals in a population

  • 2. Competition and mortality must exist in the

population

3.

Some variations must enhance survivorship/ reproductive ability

  • 4. Traits must be heritable
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Chapter 1: Life on Earth

DNA: the genetic “blueprint” of organisms

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Chapter 1: Life on Earth

DNA: the genetic “blueprint” of organisms

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Chapter 1: Life on Earth

Natural Selection: The Rules

1.

Variation must occur between individuals in a population

  • 2. Competition and mortality must exist in the

population

3.

Some variations must enhance survivorship/ reproductive ability

  • 4. Traits must be heritable

5.

Beneficial traits accumulate in the population over time

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Adaptive Radiation

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e.g. MRSA

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Selective Breeding, e.g. Yard Dandelions

Additional Evolutionary Processes

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Selective Breeding, e.g. Brassica

Additional Evolutionary Processes

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Sexual Selection: Humans

Additional Evolutionary Processes

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Sexual Selection: Peacocks

Additional Evolutionary Processes

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Chapter 1: Life on Earth

The Theory of Evolution

 Typically a very slow process, taking millions of years  Current events: altering ability of organisms to adapt

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Chapter 1: Life on Earth

BI 101 Focus on: ECOLOGY and BIODIVERSITY

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Chapter 1: Life on Earth

BI 101 Focus on:

 ECOLOGY: the study of interactions between

  • rganisms and the environment (Unit 4)
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Chapter 1: Life on Earth

BI 101 Focus on:

 Biodiversity: the variability of life (Unit 3)

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Chapter 1: Life on Earth

BI 101 Focus on:

 Populations  Species  Communities  Ecosystems  Biospheres

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Chapter 1: Life on Earth

Categorization of Life

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Chapter 1: Life on Earth

Categorization of Life: Three domains of differing cell types PROKARYOTIC: cells do not have a nucleus

1.

Bacteria

  • 2. Archaebacteria
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Chapter 1: Life on Earth

Categorization of Life:

 Bacteria and Archaebacteria are single-celled, or

unicellular

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Chapter 1: Life on Earth

Categorization of Life: Three domains of differing cell types PROKARYOTA

1.

Bacteria

  • 2. Archaebacteria

EUKARYOTA

3.

Eukarya “true nucleus”

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Chapter 1: Life on Earth

Categorization of Life: K – P – C – O – F – G – S Kingdom: Protista, Fungi, Plants, Animals

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Chapter 1: Life on Earth

Categorization of Life:

 Most of the Kingdoms (Fungi, Plants and Animals)

are made up of many cells, or are multicellular

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Chapter 1: Life on Earth

Categorization of Life: K – P – C – O – F – G – S Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family (i.e. last name) Genus/Species: Binomial system of naming (i.e. first and middle name)

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Boa constrictor

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Gorilla gorilla

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Scaptia beyonceae

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Euglossa bazinga

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Chapter 1: Life on Earth

Categorization of Life: means of acquiring energy

 Autotroph: self-feeding

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Chapter 1: Life on Earth

Categorization of Life: means of acquiring energy

 Heterotroph: other-feeding