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19/11 - 04 1 Emergent Systems, Jonny Pettersson, UmU
Last t ime
❒ Cellular aut omat a
❍ One-dimensional ❍ Wolf r am’s classif icat ion ❍ Langt on’s lambda par amet er ❍ Two-dimensional
- Conway’s Game of Lif e
❒ Pat t ern f ormat ion in slime molds
❍ Dict yost elium discoideum ❍ Modeling of pat t er n
19/11 - 04 2 Emergent Systems, Jonny Pettersson, UmU
Out line f or t oday
❒ Self -Organizat ion ❒ Aut onomous Agent s ❒ Real Ant s ❒ Virt ual Ter mit es ❒ Virt ual Ant s ❒ Ant Algorit hms
19/11 - 04 3 Emergent Systems, Jonny Pettersson, UmU
Self -Organizat ion
❒ ”Self -organizat ion is a process in which
pat t ern at t he global level of a syst em emer ges solely f rom numer ous int eract ions among t he lower-level component s of t he syst em. Moreover, t he r ules specif ying int eract ions among t he syst em’s component s are execut ed using only local inf ormat ion, wit hout ref erence t o t he global pat t ern.” – Camazine et al, p. 8
19/11 - 04 4 Emergent Systems, Jonny Pettersson, UmU
Self -Organizat ion
❒ Pat t ern
❍ A par t icular, or ganized ar rangement of obj ect s
in space or t ime ❒ I nt eract ions
❍ Based on local inf or mat ion only - no global
inf ormat ion
❍ P
hysical laws
❍ Genet ically cont r olled proper t ies of t he
component s
19/11 - 04 5 Emergent Systems, Jonny Pettersson, UmU
Self -Or ganizat ion - I ngredient s
❒ Posit ive f eedback
❍ Act ivit y amplif icat ion
❒ Negat ive f eedback
❍ Act ivit y balancing
❒ Amplif icat ion of random f luct uat ions ❒ Mult iple int eract ions
19/11 - 04 6 Emergent Systems, Jonny Pettersson, UmU
Self -Or ganizat ion - I nf ormat ion
❒ Signals
❍ St imuli shaped by nat ural select ion specif ically
t o convey inf ormat ion ❒ Cues
❍ St imuli t hat convey inf ormat ion only
incident ally ❒ Gat hered f rom one’s neighbors
❍ St imuli-r esponse, simple behavioral r ules of
t humb ❒ Gat hered f r om work in progr ess
❍ St igmer gy ❍ Random f luct uat ion and chance het er ogeneit ies