[PDF] - 1 PDF Document, free download

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(c) 2002 Hans-Arno Jacobsen (jacobsen@eecg.toronto.edu) MIE491f

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✞✠✟☛✡✌☞✎✍✑✏✓✒✕✔✗✖✙✘✚✘✜✛✣✢✥✤✄✦★✧✪✩✫✧✬✤✭✟✮✧

✯ ✰✲✱✴✳✵✳✬✶✬✷✹✸✻✺✭✱✄✼✽✸✿✾✬✰❀✰✭✱✬❁❂❁✄❃❅❄❆✺✬❇❈✸✬❉❊❁❋❇✕✱✬❁❍●❂✼✮✸❍✶✎✾✭✼■✷✪✸✙❏❑✱ ▲ ▼✹◆ ❖✹◆◗P✭❘❈❙✻❚❱❯❈❲ ❙✲❳✻❘❩❨❭❬❍❪❆▼❍❚ ❫❀❴❍❵❊❛✹❜❞❝✭❴✕❡❆❢✲❣ ❤❍✐✫❥✬❦✲❥❍❧✭♠✫♥✬♠✭♦q♣✬❧✿r❍s❀♥✭t✚✐✉♥✻❧✲♠✿✈✭✇ r✻s❀♥✬t✪♥✙✐✫❧✲♥✭♠ ①③②✲④❩⑤❍⑥q⑦✕⑦⑧⑥q②✲⑨❶⑩❸❷ ❹ ❺✲❻✬❼✙❽✫❾✭❿✚➀❆➁✲➂✄➃✲➄✪❽➅➁✬❻✬❼✙❽✽➆✬➇➈❽✫❻✬❺❀➉✫❼❍➊✻❽➋❼✻➁✲➉❞❺❋➄✻➁☛➇✙➄❍➊❍❽❑➌✙➍✓➎➐➏➒➑✬❿✪➄✻➁✭❻ ➓ ➔✥➔❸➔

push !!

pull

→❂➣✉➣↕↔✕➙◗➛✫➛✮➜✚➜⑧➜✓➝✵➞✭➟❍→✽➠✽➠❈➝◗➡✮➠❂➢➤➛ ➥❊➦✬➥➤➧❀➨✙➩➭➫ ➯ ➲❍➳✬➵❂➸➺➳✬➵❀➸➺➳ ➻✹➼✌➽➚➾✲➻❍➪ ➶✭➹✮➶ ➘ ➴✙➴✻➷✲➬❞➮✉➱↕✃❞❐❀❒✮➮✻❮Ï❰✽➱✫Ð✣Ñ

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(c) 2002 Hans-Arno Jacobsen (jacobsen@eecg.toronto.edu) MIE491f
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✬✮✭✰✯✲✱✳✭✲✴✶✵

✷✹✸✻✺✽✼ ✾✳✿❁❀✹❂❄❃❆❅ ❇❉❈❋❊

✘❍■❍❑❏▲❍◆▼

❏❖❏P❏

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✁✄✂✆☎✞✝✟☎✡✠☛☎✌☞✍✁✏✎☛✑✍☎✒✎✔✓✖✕✟✗✙✘✛✚✢✜✟✁✣✎☛✗✌✓✥✤✦✎

✝✧✝✟☎★✚✩✎✪✓✟✜✖✁✏✎☛✗✣✓✫✝✭✬✌✝✍✁✄☎★✚✮✚✰✯✧✝✍✁✥✱✍✓✖✗✌✲ ✳✧✴✟✵✆✶✷✴✟✸✏✹✪✺✟✻✄✵✆✶✼✵✏✴✍✻✛✴ ✽ ✾✧✿✟❀✆❁✷✿✟❂✏❃✪❄✟❅✄❀✆❁✼❀✏✿✍❅✰❆✖❇★❈✏❄✍❉★❀❋❊✣●✍❀✆❁❍❅✣❃✪■✰❀ ❏ ❑✄▲✆▼❖◆✢P✆◗❘▼❚❙❯▼✣❑✼❱❯❲❨❳☛▼✌❙✒❩✍❬✟▼✆◗❭❬✟❪✏❲✪❫✖❑✄▼✆◗❘▼✏❬✍❑✛❬✰❱✙◗✛▼❖◗✼▼★❴★◗✛▼✏❬✍▼✌❫✟❑✧▼✌❙✦❵✟❑✍▲✆▼❛◆❜P✙◗✼▼ ❝✟❞✡❡☛❞✌❢✍❣✏❤☛✐✍❞✒❤✔❥✖❦✟❧✙♠✛♥✢♦✟❣✣❤☛❧✌❥✥❢✧♦✣❥❛♣✆❞❛q★♠❘❧✣✐✌❤✔r❯❞✌r s✉t✮✈①✇✡②❋✇✆③❘④✣④⑥⑤⑦②✖⑧❋⑨✛⑩✣②✖⑧✛⑩ ❶✦❷❹❸❹❸✆❺❼❻✭❽ ❾ ❿✪➀✍➁✖➂★➃✛➄❜➅✖➆✏❿☛➂✣➀✥➇✟➂✌➀✟➆✄➈✌➀✟➆✫➄➊➉✧➋✍➆✫➌✆➈➍➃✼➈★➎✌➃✛➈✏➋✍➈✌➀✖➆✧➈✌➏➐❿✔➀✩➅❋➑➒➅✍➓❛➆✄➔✙➅✟➆ ➎✏➈✆➃✼➄❋❿☛➆✼➋✩➆✭➂→❿✔➏❼➈✌➀✟➆✏❿✔➁✭➓❖➑➣➔↔❿↕➇✖➔➍➉✍➋✟➈✆➃❭➋✩➆✧➔✙➈➙❿✔➀✟➁✟➂✙➃✛➄❜➅✟➆✣❿☛➂✣➀❋➄✢➅✧➓❖➇✟➂✏➀✏➇✟➈✆➃✼➀ ❾ ➛✡➜❼➝✒➞✰➟✖➠✧➡→➢✭➤✣➥✖➦✛➤✫➞➧➟✄➡❛➠★➥✌➥★➨➫➩➭➜❋➯❼➥✫➤✣➢➳➲✏➲✦➜✟➦↔➩➵➥★➨➺➸

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➶✖➹✏➘✄➴✼➷➍➬✏➮✃➱❖❐❮❒✙❰✖➬✍Ï★Ï↔➬

Ð✣Ñ❭Ò✭Ó➫Ô❍Õ↔Õ ÖØ×✭Ù★×✄Ú➧×✛Û Ü ÝÞÝØÝÞß➵à✧á☛â✷ã✏ä

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(c) 2002 Hans-Arno Jacobsen (jacobsen@eecg.toronto.edu) MIE491f
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✄✆☎✞✝✠✟☛✡✌☞✍✟✎☎✑✏☛✒✔✓✕✒✖✟✔✏✘✗✚✙✖✛✘✜✑✢✤✣ ✥✧✦✑★✩✦✪★✬✫✑✦✑✥✭★✯✮✱✰✳✲✳✦✑✥✴✮ ✵ ✶ ✷✹✸✕✺✼✻ ✽✼✾✼✿✳❀✤❁✖❂ ❃✬❄ ❅✹❆✳❇❉❈❋❊

✑❍✼■✧❍❑❏✞▲❋▼✖◆✘❖✩▲✳P◗❍✳❘❙❍✑❚❱❯

❍✞❏❲❯✤▲☛■✎❳❋❍✳■ ❨✬❩✕❬❙❭✕❪✘❫✞❴ ❵❜❛❑❝❋❞✠❡✑❢❣❛✐❤ ❥ ❦♠❧♦♥✳♣✠♥✠q❋r s✍t✈✉✈✉✈t✌✇✕①✼② ③✼④☛⑤✖⑥✠⑦✑⑧⑨⑥✠⑩✧❶❋⑤✼⑦✑⑧✎❷❸⑦✳⑥☛❹❺❹❸❹ ❻✭❼✳❽✼❾➀❿✔➁➃➂✈➂✳➄✬➁➅❼✕❽❙➆✞➇➉➈✞➁✑➊✴➁➋❻♠➌ ➍ ➎✪➏ ➐✖➑✐➒✖➐✖➓✕➔✳➒✑➏✘→✌➣➅➣✼➑❋➣✳↔❣↕➙➑✞➛➜→❱➏✤➓✐➝➟➞✯→❺➠✴➓➃➏✤➓✳➐✎➐➟➡✎➑❋➣✼➢✔➓✕➤➥➢

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user likes

?

(user profile )

static / dynamic information about environment at (x,y)

location (, )

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✬ ✭✘✮✘✒✄☎✣✩✯✞✓✠✰☛✄✁✄✌✏✎✑✞✱✒✟✂✔✌✏✎✜✌✝✁✄✂✕✁ ✲ ✳ ✴✆✵✷✶✸✴✺✹✼✻✾✽✼✿❁❀ ❂❃✶❅❄❆❂❈❇❈❀ ✴✖✻❊❉✪❀ ❋●✿❅❀ ✵❊❍✄❀ ✻✷✵■❍✆✴❏❇▲❑✆✻✾▼❈✴◆✽✼❂❃❖✔P✄P◗✶❘✴✆✵❙✴✕❇▲❋ ❚ ❯ ❱✆❲✷❳✸❱✺❨✼❩✾❬✼❭❁❪ ❫❴❲■❵✜❱✕❛▲❱❜❪ ❝✷❞❴❲■❛❙❞❡❫❡❫✆❪ ❢❃❣❈❛▲❬✔❤✄❯ ❱✕❳✙❬✕❩●❳❥✐❆❭❦❞✾✐❏❲▲❬❧❭❦❬✼❛❈❨ ♠ ♥✄♦✆♣✝♦✟q✡rsq✡t✍✉✄✈❦✇✖①②♣✝♦✟q✓✈✣t☞♣✤③❦✈✤④✍♦⑤♦✔⑥✏⑦❁⑦✤t✍⑧✣q⑨✇✜✈✤t✟①✪⑦✤t✍♦✣⑩✟⑦✏❶ ❷❅⑩✣①❜♣✣❸✍♥❦⑩✏❹ ✈✣r❺♣✝♦✟q✱✈✝t ✈✟✉✙q✱t✟♦✔⑦✏✇❈♥✍⑦✤r✍♦✟q✱✈✝t✍♥✑⑦✣♦❺r✣❶ ❻ ❼✘❽✘t✄♣✣①✯q✓r✙q✓t✟✉✄✈✏✇✕①❜♣✍♦✣q✦✈✤t❦⑩✟♥✍④✟r✟⑥❁♣✟♥❾♦✍✇✜♣✟✉✄✉✘q✡r❦⑩✝❿❃⑦✝♣✟♦❺⑥✏⑦✏✇✟⑩✄♣✣t✟❼➀✇✜✈✝♣✟❼ r✄✈✣t✟❼➁q✦♦✣q✦✈✤t❺♥ ❻ q✱t✄✉✟✈✘✇✕①◗♣✟♦✝q✦✈✣t✯r✍✈✤t✍♦✔⑦✤t✍♦✣⑩✍♥✟④✍r✝⑥s♣✍♥✑♥✄❸✝⑦✤r❦q✦♣★❹✟⑦✣⑧✄⑦✤t✍♦✕♥❦⑩✄♥✟❸✝⑦✤r❦q ♣★❹✟✈✟✉✄✉✝⑦✏✇✼♥sq✱t ➂✟➃✝➄❦➅✔➆✟➇❁➈✟➉✘➊✤➋✍➈❾➌➍➅✜➃✝➈✄➎✕➄✣➏✤➅✼➄✝➂✟➎✆➈✯➃✣➎✔➐✣➑

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→
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“Web Caching”

available at Young & Bloor. $5 off

↔

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✏✒✑✔✓✖✕

✗✙✘✛✚ if { company = “TIBX”,

exchange = “NASDAQ”, Price >= $11}

✏✒✑✔✓✖✕ ✗✙✘✛✚ if {

product = “Palm Vx”, price < 900FF, location = Paris}

✏✒✑✔✓✖✕ ✗✙✘✛✚ if { 3 successive login--failures occurred } ✏✒✑✔✓✖✕ ✗✙✘✛✚ if { Toronto / News / Blue Jays ✏✒✑✔✓✖✕ ✗✙✘✛✚ if { contains word “publish/subscribe” } ✏✒✑✔✓✖✕ ✗✙✘✛✚ if { message.tag = IBM-stock }

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(c) 2002 Hans-Arno Jacobsen (jacobsen@eecg.toronto.edu) MIE491f
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✦ ✧☛★✪✩✬✫✮✭✤✯✱✰✱✧✲✦✳✫✵✴✷✶✳✯✱✸✹★✺✶✼✻✬✽✾✸✺✫✿✴❀✯❂❁✿✯❃✸❄✫☛❅❇❆❈✶❉✸✱❊❋✶❉●✹✸❄✫✲★✪✧✿✰❃✸✹✶ ❍✮●✹✯ ■ ❏▲❑❂▼❖◆✤P✪◗❙❘❂❚ ❑❂❏✗❯ ❱ ❲❨❳ ❩❭❬ ❪ ❫▲❴❂❵❖❛✤❜✪❝❙❞❂❡ ❴❂❫✗❢ ❣ ❤❥✐❙❦♠❧❨♥ ♦▲♣❨q r s✪t✪✉❙✈✪✇ s❙① ② ③ ④☛⑤✪⑥✬⑦✮⑧✤⑨✱⑩✱④✲③✳⑦✵❶✷❷✳⑨✱❸✹⑤✺❷✼❹✬❺✾❸✺⑦✿❶❀⑨❂❻✿⑨❃❸❄⑦☛❼❽❷❿❾➀❸❄⑦✲⑤▲❼✗⑨➂➁✮➃ ➄ ➅ ➆▲➇➉➈❨➊➌➋✤➍❥➊❂➇✷➎❨➏♠➎✪➋❂➅ ➆❨➐❙➑ ➏▲➒❋➓✗➈▲➇➔➊❙➆❨➐→➎❨➏❨➐➣➊❂➒❥➐✪➑ ➆❄➅❨↔✤➏❙➇❭➏✪↕➙➊❄➇❨➅ ➆❙➎➛➑ ➒➜➋✤➍➣➊❂➇➉➍➙➝♠➑ ➒✤➐➙➊❂➇➉➊♠➍➣➐ ➞ ➟➡➠♠➢➙➤➛➥♠➦♠➧➣➦❂➨➫➩❙➭❨➦❂➢❥➦▲➩❙➯✤➲➵➳ ➢❨➸❥➩♠➨➣➟➡➠❨➧❙➳ ➩♠➢➺➨➉➦♠➲❥➩✪➯❙➨➉➻✤➦❙➲ ➼ ➽♠➾✹➽❂➚❂➪✾➶➹➪✹➘❃➚✱➴ ➚✱➴❉➪✱➽✡➷✿➬♠➪➱➮✺➘☛✃ ➾ ❐ ❒❃❒❃❮▲❰✲❐ ÏÑÐ❃❒✱Ò❃Ó✬❐ ❰✾Ô Õ Ö✺×❄Ø✿Ù❨Ú✲ÛÜÛ❄Ý❙Þ✾Ý❂ß▲Ø✿àâá Ý ã☛ä å✮ã☛æ çéè✮ç✬ê✱ë✮ìíä î ï ð▲ñ✤ò❨ó ò✪ó ð♠ô→õ✤ö♠÷øð➛ù✪ú→û❙ñ✪ü➌ý❙ö➌ü♠ö♠þ✬ñÿú❨ð✁❨ó ö▲ü❃ó õ❥û✄✂☎✂ ✆ ✝ ✞✠✟✡✞☞☛✍✌✏✎✑✌✓✒✕✔✗✖ ✒✘✌✡✞✚✙✛✔✡✜✛✞✘☛✘✢✓✜✛☛✣✖ ✟✥✤✦✜✛✌✡✧★✌✏✜✛☛✪✩ ☛✣✩ ✌✡✞✚✙☞✔✁✎✫✌✬✔✓✜✣✭ ✮ ✯✗✰✲✱✴✳✶✵ ✷✹✸✻✺✗✯✼✰ ✽✾✰❀✿✡❁❂✯✗✰✲✺✄✸✹❃✡✳❂❄✾❅✾✰✲❃✡✳✻❆ ❇❉❈ ❊❋❇❍●✗■✡❏✾❑❂▲✗❏◆▼✼❖✄P❘◗✼❙❯❚❱❚ ❲ ❳❩❨❭❬❀❪✼❨❫❪✁❴❂❵❜❛ ❝✗❴✻❞❢❡✁❣ ❤ ✐☞❥✡❦✘❧❯♠✡♥✛♦✚♣✛♠✓✐☞q✓❥✡r✕❦✣s ♠✡✐✉t✁✐✪✈✥♠✪✇☞❥✏♥✣① ♠✛t✡✈ ② r✘❥✏♥✍✇☞❥✏♥✉♥✍❥✓r✕♠✡③✣♥✘♣☞❥✬♣✪♠✓✐☞❦✕❥✏✐☞❦✣s ♠✓✐ ④ ⑤❉⑥✾⑦✛⑧✄⑥✻⑨❂⑩✁❶✪❷✶❸❀❹☎❺❂⑥✾⑤❫❻✓❼✾❻✏⑩✁⑥◆❽❾❽✬❷❂⑨✼❷✗❿◆⑥◆❽➀⑥✻⑨❂⑩➂➁➄➃✻❷◆❶✡⑤❫⑩✁➅➆❷❂❿✾❶✡⑥◆⑥✹➅✄⑨✹⑧✼➅✻❽➀❽✴➅✗⑨ ➇✗➈✼➉◆➊❋➋✥➌✻➍

SLIDE 10

10

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✞✠✟☛✡☞✡✍✌✏✎✒✑✔✓✔✕✒✖✗✑✒✞✘✞✚✙✜✛✢✑✘✣✢✤✦✥ ✓ ✧✢★✔✩✫✪✭✬✯✮☞✮ ✰✢✱☛✲✴✳✶✵✒✷✹✸✻✺✽✼ ✾❀✿✒❁❃❂❅❄✍❆ ❇✢❈✘❉ ❊●❋■❍❑❏▼▲✍❏✽◆✶◆ ❖✒P✔◗✒❘❚❙✜❯✘P✠❱❲❖✒P✢❳❩❨ ❬ ❭✠❪☛❫☞❫✍❴✏❵✒❛ ❨✔❖✒❜ ❛✒❭✘❭ ❙✜❯ ❛✘❝✢❞ ❘ ❨ ❡✢❢✔❣✫❤✭✐✯❥☞❥ ❦✢❧☛♠✴♥✶♦✒♣✹q✻r✽st♥✻✉☛♦✈♦✠✇✯①✔✉☛②✢③✔④✒♦⑤r✠q ⑥ ♦✘❦✶❦✶②✔④✒♦⑤② ⑥ r✠③✻④⑤② ⑦⑨⑧☛⑩❩❶✠❷❹❸✢❺✒❻❲❼❽❷✽⑩❿❾✢➀➂➁✢⑧✽⑩✜➃✘➄⑨➅☛➄➆➁✢⑧☛❸✻➃✶➇ ➈ ➉▼➊✔➋⑤➌❑➍➎➌✻➏✽➋✈➏❃➐✴➑✚➏❽➒➓➉❽➋✘➑✽➔❩➋✒➋✈➍✢→➎➣✘➋✽➔✏↔✻➍✘↕✔➙❽➛❚➐■➜✻➙✘➌✢➐⑨➍✘↕ ➝❀➞☛➟✴➠✘➡⑨➢✢➤☛➥❩➠➦➡➆➥✫➧✢➨✔➠ ➤☛➩✠➩☛➟☞➡✍➢✢➤☛➫➭➟✍➯ ➐⑨↕➲➌✶➏❃➐ ↔➲➳✻➍✒↕✢➌➵➋✠➸➺➌ ➻ ➼✘➽➺➽✯➾✜➚✘➪✶➪✚➶➆➹✶➘❿➶⑨➹✘➽➴➶✴➷✒➶✍➽▼➬✶➼➺➮✢➬✻➪✔➚✽➾➱➪✔✃✘➶⑨➹✢❐✻❒✽➾❑❮❰➼✢Ï✘➶✍❒✠➹Ð➾❩➚✠Ñ✠➬✢➚✘➪✻Ï❑➪ Ò ÏÔÓ✽➚✽➾❑➚Õ➶✍➪Ö➼⑤➹✘➚✒➚✒➽✹❐✻❒✽➾ × Ø✔Ù❩Ù✢Ú Û✘Ú✴Ø✔Ü❑Ý✈Þ✭ß✔Ý➱Û✶à✒Ú✴Ü❩á❿ß✒â á✶ã✶ä➵Ú Ý❑à✔Þæå çÕèÔé➵ê➵ë✽ç✻ì✘í✻ê✜î✻ï✦î✢ð❑í✘ì✽ñ➆ò✴ð❑ó✹ô➱î✻õ✻ë✔ð➵ö✔ñ ö➵ó❑÷ ø î✻ù❑ù✔ò õ✔ò✴î✔ð❑ô⑤ú➱öÔé❩ôÔò✴ð❑ó❿è✶ú➱ö❑ô✏ö➵õ❑ö✘ñ ê

û

ü

ý✔þ✒þ❽ÿ✁✄✂✆☎✞✝✠✟✡✝☞☛✌✝✎✍✏ ☎✒✑✔✓✖✕✗✑✘✕✁✍❽þ✚✙ ✛✖✜✣✢✎✜✥✤✧✦✎★☞✢✒✩✡✪✫✤ ✬✫✭✫✮ ✢✁✦✡✜✰✯✲✱✫✩ ✳✆✴☞✵ ✶✸✷✏✹ ✺✆✻✰✼✆✹✾✽❀✿✆✻✣❁✁✷❃❂❅❄✎❆✎❆❈❇❉✹❋❊✣❄✫✻✰✹❋●✎❍✡✺ ■ ❏▲❑✞▼✆❑☞◆❖❑✫P✏◗ ❘☞❙❯❚✖❱✗❙✘❱✁P❈❲✚❳ ❨✄❩✡❬✣❭❀❪✖❫✁❴✆❬✫❨❋❵✁❩ ◗✄❛❜❳ ❑✒◆❝❘✁❲✒❞❢❡✡❣✣❑❈❳❤❲✗P✏◗ ❡✆❚✆◆✡◗✾✐❀❥✡❚✖❲✁P ❦✖❧✎❦✣♠✣♥✒♦♣❦ q r▲s✞t✆s☞✉❖s✫✈✏✇ ① ♦❯♠✣② s ♠③❦✡④ t✫t✰⑤❀✉ ♠⑥❦ ⑦❈⑧✏⑨✫⑩✡❶✫❷✁❸✒❹❋⑧☞⑦ ❺❼❻✰❽✄❾➀❿✚➁✆➂✰➃✡➄✫➅✡❿✚➁❈➆ ➇✎➅✣➄✫❻✰❽❤➇✁➈✒➉ ❽✄➈✆❻✣❿❀➊❖➄✫➅✡❻✰❽❤➇✁➈

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SLIDE 11

11

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(c) 2002 Hans-Arno Jacobsen (jacobsen@eecg.toronto.edu) MIE491f
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12

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(c) 2002 Hans-Arno Jacobsen (jacobsen@eecg.toronto.edu) MIE491f
✠☛✡✌☞✎✍

✏ ✑✓✒✌✔✕✏ ✖✘✗✚✙✜✛✜✢✌✣✚✢✤✗✥✔✚✙

matching / filtering

subscriptions notification mgmt

SLIDE 13

13

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✂☎✄✝✆✟✞✡✠ ☛✌☞✎✍✑✏✒☛ ✓ ✔✖✕✌✗✘✕✚✙✜✛✌✢✤✣✦✥✜✧✎★✌✩✡✪✬✫✬✛☎✣✒✭✮✕☎✗✬✩✯✛✰✪✲✱✰✣✳✛✬✴✌✩ ✵✶✧✌✣ ✷ ✸✮✹✝✺✼✻✰✽✰✾✰✿❀✺✎❁✑✾✒✻ ❂ ❃✖❄✌❅✘❄✚❆✰❇✡❈✌❉✝❊✌❇✯❈●❋✬❍✌■✦❏✮❄✌❅✬❇✯❍✌❈✲❑✦❍☎❈✜❆✬▲✤❏◆▼☎■ ❖ P❘◗✤❙☎❚✰❯ ❱✒❲❨❳✒❙✤❩✰❬✌❯❭❳✳❙☎❪❫❙✝❴✜❵✒❛✚❯✯❴❜❛●❬✤❝✝❛✬❚✤❳✜❯✯◗✤❵●❯ ❞✌❴✬❛ ❡ ❢✖❣✜❤✑✐✤❥✑❣✒❦ ❧ ♠♦♥✌♣●♥✝q r✬♥ts❫♥✤✉✦✉✳✈✰✇☎♥●✉②①✰③⑤④✌s⑦⑥✤⑧✤⑨❶⑩✯q ✉✬❷✝♥☎③⑤✉ ❸✝❹✜❺❼❻✳❽✰❾✬❿✦➀✚❿✬➁☎➀✝➂➃❿✳❽➅➄●❾✤➆☎➄●➇●❻✬➈✯➆✑➀✌❻⑤➄❜➉➊➁☎❽✤➄✬➀ ➄●❾✤➆☎➄●➇●❻✬➈ ➋●❿✤➈ ❽☎❹✜➄◆❸☎❻✳➀✚➄⑤❸✌❿●➈ ➄✜➌☎➈✯➀✤❺

Broker Publisher Publisher Subscriber Subscriber

➍✶➎✶➏✝➐✦➑✰➒➔➓➣→✌↔✘➓✯↕✶➙ ➛✑➜✶➝✶➞❭➟✡➠✦➡☎➢✘➟✯➤✶➥ ➦❘➧✝➨➫➩✯➭➔➩✯➯✜➲☎➨➫➩✡➧✶➳ ➦❘➧✝➨➫➩✯➭➵➩✡➯✜➲☎➨➫➩✡➧✶➳

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➼✦➽✦➾✒➚ ➪✒➶➹➽✳➘❶➪✜➴❘➷ ➴➮➬➵➽✬➴➮➬➱➷ ✃✒➴✟➬➹✃➊➘➵➽●➴➮➼ ❐✘❒⑤❮●❰ Ï Ð➫Ñ✳Ò➫Ï Ó✳Ô✘Õ Ö ×✦Ø✒Ù➱Ú✘Û➮Ü Ý✳Ø✳Ù✟Þ✳ß✳Ý✬à Ü Ú➮á⑤â➱Ü ã✦ä✟âæå✒Þ➱Ø✒Ù❶á✒ä➮× Þ➮á✳â➵â➵Ø✜Û➮ä➮Ù ç è✦é✒ê➵é✒ë➫ê➵ì❶é✒í➔é✜î➮ê❶ï✳ë➱ë✘ð⑤ñ➮ñæé●î➱ë➔é✒ì

ò

ó➹ô✒õ✒ö ÷➔ø➹ô✬ó➹÷ùö ú➮ø➵ô✜óæô✒÷➮øûö úüóæô✜ý➮ô✜ö þ✘ö ú➮õ ÿ✁✄✂✆☎ ö ý✞✝✳ø➫ö ✟✦ú➔÷ ✠ ✡☞☛✍✌✏✎✄✑ ✒✁✑ ✌✄✡✓✡☞✔✄✕✄✡☞✎✗✖✘✑ ☛✍✙✍✑ ✚✜✛✘✡

✢

✣✗✤ ✥✞✦✜✧✩★✄✪✬✫✭✤ ✥✮✦✏✯✱✰✲✦✏✳✘✳✴✫✄★✍✦✄✳ ✵ ✶✁✷ ✸✏✹✞✺✼✻ ✶✽✺✿✾❀✺✁❁✘❂✗❃ ❄ ❅☞❆✗❁✮❇✭✹✘❁☞✷ ✺❈✻✍❉✘❆✏❊✲✺✄❋✍❁✮❆✏✾●✺✗❁✍✷ ❂ ❍✗■✞❏✄❑✘▲✄▼✘▼✁◆ ❖✘P❘◗❙❖✮❏✗❚✍◆ ❯✗◆ ❑✮❱✗❚✍◆ ❏✜❖❳❲ ❨✄❩✘❨✭❬✘❭✮❪

❫

❴✮❵✗❛☞❜ ❝✗❜ ❞✘❡✁❛✍❜ ❵✜❴✓❢✮❣✜❤✮✐✞❣✜❤✮❢❥❢✮❣❈❴✮❦ ❴✮❵✗❛☞❜ ❝✗❜ ❞✘❡✁❛✍❜ ❵✜❴✘❢✓❛✴❵ ❢☞❧✄♠✏❢✘❞✁❤☞❜ ♠✄❣✭❤✞❢ ❫ ♥❀❡☞♦q♣✁❡✄✐✞❣ rts✏✉ ✈✄✇✘✇✞s✄①✄② ✈✄③✴④✄⑤ ⑥●⑦ ⑧✘⑨✿⑩✄❶✴❷✄⑩✘❸✄❹☞❸✁⑧✁⑦ ❷✜❺

SLIDE 14

14

✁
✂
✄

☎✝✆✟✞✠✞✠✡☞☛☞✆✍✌✏✎✑✡✒✞✓✆✟✔ ✕✗✖☞✘✙✘✛✚✢✜✟✣✤✕✦✥✢✧★✣✤✖★✜✩✘✝✖✏✪✬✫✮✭ ✯ ✰☞✱☞✲✴✳✶✵✸✷✗✹✬✺✬✻✽✼★✾★✿❀✷✢✱✏✲✏✷✗❁☞✻✦✵✶✲✟✺✬✻✽✼✟✻❂✺ ❃❅❄✍❆★❇✗❈★❉✏❊✒❋✤❄✟❃

❍

■ ❏▲❑◆▼P❖ ◗❙❘☞❚❱❯✠❚▲❲❳❯✓❨✦❨✦❘❩❲❬❚❪❭✗❨❪❫❵❴✽❛✠❲❜❲❂❝✗❨✝❞❡❛✗❢❜❨✝❲▲❣◆❢P❨✢❤ ✐ ❥ ❦ ❧❵♠✓♥✠♦✓♣ qsr☞t✈✉✠t▲✇❜✉✠①✦①✠r❩✇❡t✙②❂✉✠t④③⑥⑤★⑦✦t✠⑧❵✇⑨①▲⑤✦⑩▲❶✙t❵✇❂❶✢①✗❷❬❸ ❹ ❺ ✉ ❻ ❼▲❽✓❾✠❿✓➀ ❼✠➁ ➂➄➃➆➅④➇❩➈✢➉➋➊✦➌✓➇✓➍✗➎✸➏❬➅✏➐➑➐ ➇✛➒✬➎ ➍❵➓❂➔④➎◆➈★→❵➓❬➉✦➒✏➣ ↔ ↕✶➙ ➛✬➙➝➜☞➞★➟✏➠✴➡✶↕✸➢✢➤✬➛✬➥✽➦★➧★➨❀➢✢➟✏➠✏➢✠➩✏➥✗↕➑➠✟➛✬➥✽➦✒➥❵➛➫➦➫➞✏➥✗↕✸➭✬➥✦↕ ➯✒➲✗➳☞➲✦➵❅➸✝➳☞➺✢➻ ➼ ➽✢➾✢➚▲➪✏➶➘➹✦➴✠➴✦➽★➷✟➬✸➹✢➚✓➪✏➮✃➱✽➬✸➚✓❐ ❒✗❮☞❰✗Ï✍Ð☞❰④Ñ④ÒÔÓ✤Õ Ö✗×☞Ø✛Ø✙Ù✗Ú✬Û✤Ö✠Ü★Ý✢Û◆×★Ú➫Þàß✟×★á❳â☞ã✦â✬ä✗å æ❱ç★è✠é⑥ê✢ë☞ìîí④é✏í✦ï▲ð✒æ➋í❪í✢ñ★ò☞ò✗ó✟ô❂ï✙ò☞ñ✠í✢õ⑥ö÷ò☞ñ✟øùø☞æ✝ó☞ú❅ð★í☞û

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ý
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ÿ
✁✄✂✆☎✞✝✠✟✡✝☛✂✡☎✞✝☛✂✡☞✆✝

✌✎✍✑✏✆✒✔✓✖✕✎✗✙✘✔✗✄✏✚✒✜✛✆✕✣✢ ✤ ✥✧✦✩★✡✪✠✫✭✬✧✮✯✫✆✦✰✥ ✱✳✲✴✦✰✥✵✥✚✮✣✶✷✪✸✬✧✫✆✮✆✹✆✬✻✺✠✼✚✮✣✦✩✪✽✫✣✾✜✫✆✮✿✦✔❀❁✪❂✦✜❃❄✦✰✥ ✶✔❅✜❀❆✦✩★✡✮ ❇ ❈✜❉✆❊●❋✖❍✿■✯❏✩❑ ❉✆❈▲❈✎❉❄▼✖❉✔❑ ❍✿❏✆◆✴❉❄❖✿P❘◗✽❏✆❙❚❍✿❋✯❉✿❯❱❯✆❲ ❖✣❳ ❨ ❩❭❬✆❪✆❫✯❴❄❵❜❛✙❝✯❞❂❡❢❪✆❡❤❣❱✐✚❵❥✐✿❦✖❧✜♠ ♥❤❣✣❛✙❧✯❫ ♦ ♣✄q❄r❄s✠t✣✉✩✈✚r✡♣✄✇✎q ①③②✙④❄⑤ ⑥⑧⑦☛⑨✖⑩✜❶❸❷✡❹✜❺❼❻✠❶✠⑨ ❽✜❾▲❿✩➀✚➁✜➂✧➁✡➂⑧❿✎➃➄❾✆➅✜➆✩➂➈➇✻➂✧➁✣➅✡➁✿❿✩➉ ➊ ➀✆➅✎➁✿➋✩➌❱➅❂➇✵➇ ➍➎➃✚➋✎➏✜➏✚❽✠➌❤➁✯➃ ➐✚➑✜➐✰➒✡➓✚➑✩➐✚➔✡→⑧➐✡➣✎➑✎➣✜↔ ↕✩➙✎➛✠➜❤➝✡➞✎➟✧↕✩➠✆➡ ➢ ➤✡➥✡➦❄➧✩➨✡➦✡➩ ➫✞➭✚➯✆➥✠➲➵➳✚➸✆➫❂➭ ➫☛➺✰➩➻➭✻➩⑧➦❱➼✭➽➾➯✆➫✎➚✠➭ ➦✆➪●➦✣➥✞➭✧➧✠➲❤➫✡➨✡➸✡➧ ➶ ➹✜➘✎➴✩➷✳➬✚➹☛➮❼➱❐✃✧➴✎❒✎❮✎❰✿Ï❂Ð Ñ✯Ò✠Ñ✣Ó✣Ô✠Õ×Ö✄Ø✆Ó✿Ô✩Ù✔Ú✿Û✜Ó✎Ö✙Ü✜Ø Ý✩Þ✳ß✞à✙á❄â✠ß✠ãäß✩Þ✎å

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SLIDE 15

15

✁✄✂✆☎✞✝✟✂✡✠✄☛✄☞✞✁✄✂✌✠✎✍✟✏✆✑✒✠✓✂✔✍✒✕✌✁✄✕✆✖✘✗✚✙✆✛

✜ ✢✤✣✦✥★✧✄✩✫✪✓✬ ✭✮✢✰✯✄✧✤✭✦✱✦✲✴✳✶✵✷✧✸✯✹✪✦✭✺✱✻✬ ✳ ✧✄✩✼✥✾✽✼✭✮✧✻✲❀✿✾✧✻✲✫❁❂✢✤✯✄✧✟✬ ❃ ❄★❅✓❆✦❇✴❈✸❉❀❊✻❆✾❊✤❋✦❄❍●✟■✦❏▲❑◆▼✄❖ P✸❖❘◗ ❙✡❚✷❯✼❱❳❲✦❨ ❩✦❬❪❭❍❫❵❴✄❛✘❩✷❜✒❝✴❞✾❝❡❫✟❢❤❣✎❩✻✐❵❬❪❭❍❢✹❥ ❦ ❧♥♠❪♦ ♣✤q✸r✤s t✮✉✎✈✤✇✼♣✎s t✦①✾②③①❀♣✤②④✇✦♣✓s t✼①✫q✾♣✸⑤✘⑤✫⑥✴t✸s q✮❧✷①✴s ♣✸t✺⑤⑦♣✤⑧✄⑨✟♦ ⑩ q✄♦ s ⑨✄t✼①✫⑤❶⑥✼❷✦①✘❸✸❧✼❹✼⑨❡❧✰❺★⑨✸❻✼⑨✻❺★⑨✄t✦q✼⑨❡♣✸❺✺♠❪s t✼⑧✒s t✮✉❡①★♣❡❷✮⑨✻❺★❹✮⑨✻❺ ⑩ ❼✄❽ ❾ ❿✄➀✼➁✫➂③❾ ➀❡➃✦➄✮➅❍➁★❿✓➆✾➇✘➈❘➉✴➅✦➊✸➋✷➅✦❼✦➆✴❾✶➋✷❿✻➆✮➌❵➃✴➊✻❽❘❽ ➅❍➂➍➃✼➎✎❽✚❽ ➅✼➌➏❾ ➀✼➐✼➎✸➆✾➇⑦➑✴➁✴❾ ➎✤➀✺➐✦➆❀➎✷➇ ➅✾❿✓➆★➒✾❿✻➆✘➂➍➃✴➊✤➋❪❽✶❾ ➅✦➓✷❿✄➆✾➌ ➔ →❡➣✆↔➙↕❵➛✸➜➞➝❂➟➡➠✺➢❂➤♥➥✤➦❵➧✚➨❳➩➭➫✞➯➳➲✄↔✆➲✓➵✎➜❵➸➺➲➡➩➻➜✆➼✞➛✸➜✒↕✟➲❵➧✚➨✟➽➾➧❘➨➪➚❳➫❵➚✞➶✌➹ ↕✆➛✟➧✶➵✤↔⑦➘ ➴✒➷❳➬✒➴✆➮❵➱ ✃➏❐❒❐ ❮❰➱✚ÏÑÐ✓Ò✡➴➙Ó✰➴✡Ô✡Õ✴Ô✆✃❳➷✟➴✆Ö×✃❵Ø✸➴✆Ï✟✃➪Ù Ú✌ÛÝÜ✚Þ✆ß❳à á✟â✡ã✷ä❪â✡ã

remote invocation

amount = 1000; account.withdraw(amount);

åçæ èêéìëÝíïî

ð

ñ ò▲ó✌ô✎ô✎õ✞ö✞óø÷✞ù❳ó✌ù✌ú❘û✟ö ü ý✰þ✮ÿ✻þ✁ ✂☎✄ ÿ✝✆✝✞✠✟ þ☛✡☞✟ þ☛✌✾ÿ✝✆✼ý✎✍✎✟ ÿ✻þ✑✏✼ÿ✝✒✔✓✼ÿ✕✟ þ☛✍✖✗✍★ÿ✝✗✓✼ÿ✘✟ þ✙✍⑦ý✎✚✜✛✄þ✁✆✣✢✝✒❀ÿ✻þ✾ÿ✠✤✙✚ ✆✼ÿ✠✥✦✥✑✤✷þ✝✟ ✆✮ý✎✍✎✟ ÿ✻þ ü ✚✙✤✠✓✣✓✼ÿ✠✒✧✍✖✚✔★✩✟ ✚✁✆✮ÿ✸þ✴þ☛✪✫✆✁✍✜✪✫★♥ÿ✫✓✙✪✬✒★ý✁✍✠✟ ÿ✸þ ü ✭☎✮✰✯✲✱✬✳✴✳✶✵✸✷☎✹✣✺✒ý✙✌✼ý✻✵✼✪✠✚✖✚✼ý✙✡✕✟ þ✖✡✘✹✠✵✸✮✰✵✽✪✝✏✁✏✮ÿ✝✒✧✍✜✚ ü ✆ ✄ ✟ ✪✄þ✙✍✑✥✦✤✙✚✁✍✔✢✸ý✙✌✙✪✼✒✧✪✝✏☛✪✬✒✜✪✄þ✁✆✙✪✼✍★ÿ✻✚✖✪✬✒✾✌✙✪✫✒ ü ✿✁❀✣❁❃❂✜❄✬❅✖❆✑❇❉❈✁❊✼❋✎●✫❍✕■ ❏ ❑✁▲✝❄✫❅✦❆▼❊✙◆P❖✘❄✬❋✙◗✣❑✖❄✼❊❘❆✦❄✠❑✖❑✙❊✙❙✣❄❚❏ ❯✰❊❘❱❳❲✫■ ❏ ❄✬❯✙❂✖❨ ❑✣❩✩❬✠●✙❄✫●✙❄ ❭❫❪❵❴❜❛❞❝❢❡ ❣❤❛❥✐✠❦☎❛❥✐

put(…) get(…)

❧♥♠❫♦✕♦✕♣✩q✩♠sr✩t❢♠❫t❢♠

SLIDE 16

16

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✂☎✄✝✆✟✞✡✠☞☛☞✆✍✌✏✎☞✠✒✑✓✄✕✔✖✞☞✗✙✘✙☛✚✑✓✄✜✛✢✑✏✛✤✣✥☛✧✦ ★ ✩✝✪✡✫ ✬✮✭ ✯✡✫ ✰✲✱✳✫✴✭ ✰✡✵✶✬✸✷✹✱✻✺✳✵✼✱✮✪✮✽✾✽✸✰✡✵✶✬✿✫ ❀❂❁✧✱✼✱✶✰✧✷✾✷✹❃❄✽❅✰✧❁✼❆✒❇✼❈✏✽✿✭ ✬❅✰❊❉✏✷✶✰✳✬❅❇✼❋✼✰✚✬✻●❍✬✻■✿✰❊✷✾❁✧✩❏✰ ✩❏✰✚✩❑✺✧✽▲❀▼✽✸✰✳❋✡✭ ✺✚✵ ◆ ❖✶P✳◗✻❘✳❙ ❘✶❚✸❯❱◗✮❖✸❲❳❯✡◗✶❨✶P✳❩✾❖✾❯✚❬✲❭✧❙ ❪❴❫ P✧❖✧❵✧❙ ◗✾❛❊❜❝❯❱❖✼❞✧❪✳◗✳❙ ❘✶❜❑❘ ❡ ❢✶❪✧❩❅❚✮❙ ❖✳❙ ❢✶❪✳◗✶❚✸❘❣❪✿❩❅❯❴❙ ◗✶❬✡❯✡❢✼❯❱◗✻❬✡❯✡◗✶❚❑P✧❨❣P✚◗✻❯❂❪✳◗✻P✿❚✶❞✿❯✡❩ ❡ ❤❥✐ ❦✼❦✳✐ ❧✼♠✡♥ ♦✝♦✸♣rq✧s✒♦❅q❱t✻❤❴♦✸♣✉✐ t✶♦✸q❱✈✸✇✮❧✼♦✮✐ ♣✳t✶①✝♣✿②✾q✡✈❑③✕✐ ❤❱q④✇✧✈✸q✧✇④t✻q✳♦❅③✙♣✧✈✼⑤✻① ⑥✙⑦⑨⑧✴⑩✥❶❸❷ ❹☞❺✏❻✿❼❽❺✏❻

read(…) write(…)

❾☞❿✓➀✏➁✳➂✙➃➅➄➆➂✏➄✢➇✓➁✧➈ ➉✏➊⑨➋✴➌✥➍☞➎ ➉✙➊⑨➋✴➌✥➍❸➎ ➏☞➌✏➐✿➑❽➌✏➐

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→
➣↕↔➛➙✤➜

➝✲➞❽➟✙➠☞➡ ➢✉➤☞➥➧➦✚➨ ➩❸➫✥➭❝➯➳➲➛➵✒➸✓➺ ➻ ➫✥➭✏➵✡➼❍➽❽➲✍➭✏➾ ➚➶➪✓➹❽➘❥➴✥➷✓➬✟➪❸➚ ➚➮➪✓➹✒➘❍➴❍➷✙➬✴➪❥➚ ➱ ✃⑨❐ ❒❝❮❍❰✥Ï☞❮✙Ð✡Ñ❱Ò Ó❝Ô✙Õ❽Ö❸×❸Ø❥Õ❱Ô Ù✒Ú❍Û❍Ü✙Ý➧Þ❍ß à á✿â❍ã✒ä❽å➶æ✻ç❸ã❍è✟é❽ê❸ë✏ì í✒î❍ï❍ð✙ñ➧ò❍ó ô õöô ÷ùø✓ú✒ú✚û✓ü✏ý✍þ☞ü ÿ✁✄✂✆☎✞✝✠✟✄✡☛❸ÿ ✂☞☎✌✝✌✟✍✡✎❍ÿ ✏ ✑✒✏ ✓✕✔✄✖✘✗✚✙✠✛ ✜✣✢✍✜✣✤✠✥✧✦ ★☞✩✌✪✌✫✍✬✎✭✌✮ ✮✯✭✄★☞✩✌✪✌✫✍✬✰✭✞✮ ✱ ✲✴✳

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(c) 2002 Hans-Arno Jacobsen (jacobsen@eecg.toronto.edu) MIE491f
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(c) 2002 Hans-Arno Jacobsen (jacobsen@eecg.toronto.edu) MIE491f
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Alerting

Service

Publishing House(s)

✖✘✗ ✙✛✚✢✜✛✣✥✤✧✦✩★✫✪✭✬✥✮✰✯ ✱✘✲ ✳✛✴✶✵✸✷✛✹✺✵✼✻✥✽✿✾❀✹❂❁❂❃ ❄✛❅✿❆✭❇✘❈❉❆✸❇❊❄✛❅✛❆✭❇✘❋❍●✫❆✿■❑❏▼▲❖◆◗P✛❘❙❘❯❚ ❱❳❲✢❨✭❩▼❲ ❬✼❭✶❪✭❫❵❴✘❫▼❛✼❜✸❝✫❞ ❪✸❭ ❡❳❢✢❣✭❤❵✐❳❥✼❦❳❧ ♠♥❧ ♦❳♣✸❦❳❧ ❥♥✐❳❢

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✞✠✟✡✟☞☛✍✌ ✎✑✏✓✒✠✔✖✕✗✒✙✘✑✚✜✛✢✕✤✣✥✚✦✒✓✧ ★✠✩✗✪ ✫✑✬✮✭✰✯✲✱ ✳✠✴✤✵✥✶✷✳✹✸✺✵✥✻ ✼✽✻✿✾✥❀❂❁❄❃ ❅ ❆❈❇✠❉ ❊✑❋●❊✮❍✠■❑❏✦▲✠■●❊✖▼❖◆✺❊✥P ◗✤P❙❘✽❚❂❯❲❱✓❳❖❨✡❏●❩ ❬ ❭✑❪✙❭✮❫✜❴❛❵✑❜✢❝✠❭❲❞✽❡✠❢✮❣✍❤✲❜❈✐❦❥✖❴✠❜❈❧✑❫♥♠♦❭✮✐✙❧✤♠q♣✡rs❵✑t❄r✉❭✥✈ ✇✥✈❙①✜②④③⑤❢✙❴❦⑥✥❧✗♠✜①✠❴✖❜⑦❴✑❤⑦❭✡①✥⑧⑩⑨❶t✍❧✤♠ ❷✮❸✜❹✖❺✲❻q❷❽❼✤❾✮❿✜➀✖➁❛❷✮❸✠❹q➂ ➃ ➄✖➅➇➆➉➈✤➊❈➋ ➌✠➍✑➎✮➌✜➏✑➐✙➑➇➒✠➓✖➑⑦➔✮→↔➣ ↕✖→✜➙✮➍✙↕✜➙✗➛✖➌➉➌✠➍✜➜✙➜✗➑➇➏✜➛♥➝➞➏✜➔✖→➠➟♦➍✠→✠➏✜➓q➌✓➔✮→✥➣ ➡❲➢ ➤ ➌✠➍✑➎✮➌✜➏✮➐❦➑➥➒✠➓✖➑❈➔✑→✙➌✹➏✠➦✗↕✖→✜➙✑➛ ➧➥➨✜➩✖➫➠➭✮➯✑➲✜➭✥➨✙➳✑➵ ➸ ➺✉➻✥➼ ➽✥➼✿➾✑➚➶➪❖➹✙➘✜➻✥➴➷➪❖➬➱➮✮✃✠❐●❒✡❮ ❰ Ï❈Ð✠Ñ Ò✙Ó✑Ô✖Õ❈Ö✗Õ❈×✙Ø✠Ô✖Õ❈Ó✖ÒÚÙÛØ✖Ô➠ÜÚÝ✉Ü✥Þ ß✽Þ✲à✮áãâ✹ä❦å✜Ü✥Ùæâ✓çèÜ✮Ü✽é✖ê ë ì✖í✑î♦ï✡ð✿ñ➇ò✤ó✰ð❈ï ô✜õ✑ö✖÷❈ø✗÷❈ù✙ú✠ö✖÷❈õ✖ô✹û✜ü✗ý➷ú✖ô✠ö✠÷➇ù➉û✠þ✜ø✙ø✗÷➇ù✗÷❈ü✮ô✠ö ÿ ✂✁☎✄✝✆✟✞✠✆☛✡✌☞✍✄☎✆✟✁✝✏✎✠✑✒✁✓✎✂☞✂✔☎☞✍✄✖✕✓✗✙✘✚✁✍✛✌✄☎✜ ✢✤✣✓✆ ☞✥✕✠✦✧✘★☞✩✆✪✜

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✯✱✰✧✯✱✲✳✮ ✰✳✴✂✵✶✰✷✲✹✸✶✰✹✺✷✻ ✼✾✽❀✿❂❁❄❃✳❅✹❆❈❇✠❉ ❊●❋✷❍✶❍✹■ ❍✱❏▲❑✹❍▲▼✠◆❖■ ❍✱P✷❊●◆✧▼✠◗ ❘✶❙✷❚●❯❲❱✹❳✓❨❂❩❬❚❲❨❂❩❪❭✹❫ ❘✷❨❵❴✷❛✷❘✷❜✶❛✹❝✷❨ ❞❢❡❀❣✳❤❄✐✳❥✹❦♠❧♦♥ ♣❲q✷r✶r✹s r✱t▲✉✹r✈r❄✇✧①❲②✌✉✹♣❀③✈✉✶④✈⑤✶⑥⑧⑦❬⑨❶⑩✓❷✠❸✹❹❻❺✏❷❽❼✍❾ ❿✧➀ ➁✳➂ ➃➅➄❲➆❂➂ ➁❂➄➈➇✶➁❂➉●➄❪➊✹➋❄➆❂➂✂➄●➌✶➇✶➇✶➊✹➉❪➍ ➎✠➏➈➐☎➑ ➒ ➓✂➔➣→❖➔✂↔❂↕✒➙✂➔➣➛✖➔✌↕➣➜❖➝★➞✓➟ ➠➣→✳➡♦↕➣↔❖➢➤➝▲➠✖➛➣➥❻➦ ➛✖➡♦↕✖↔❖➢▲➧ ➠➣→♦➦ ↕♦➛ ➨❂➩✖➫✒➭➣➯⑧➨❖➲⑧➩✖➫ ➳ ➵⑧➸➣➺♦➻♦➼✌➽➅➾➪➚⑧➶➣➹✌➺➣➘❖➽➅➶✌➴❂➷✖➶⑧➺♦➼♦➺➣➘⑧➬✟➷♦➻ ➮ ➱❂✃➣❐✌❒⑧❮✍❰❂Ï♦❐☎Ð✟Ñ✒Ò➣Ó♦Ð Ï♦❐➅Ï⑧ÔÕÐ ❐➣Ö☎×✂Ø♦×✌❐✖Ö✝×➣❐✖ÓÙ❒ÚÏ✖Ø☎Ð✟×✖➱ÛÏ⑧Ô Ü Ï⑧Ý☎ÐÞ❒❖Ò Ü✾Ü ✃ßÓÚ❮✂×➅➱❂Ò✌à▲×➅Ö✂Ò➣Ó✹Ò á✹â✧ã✧ä✱å✷æ❵ç✶è✈ã✧é❂é❂ê●æ✳ë❀ë á✹â✧ã✧ä✱å✷æ❵ç✶è➤ç✹ê●é❂æ✳ê ì✒í❈îÚï✧î♦í✧ð❂ñ òÚó✶ô✖õ⑧ó÷ö❂ø✌ù ú❂û÷õ♦ü✧ý þ❄ÿ✁✷þ✄✂ ÿ✆☎✧ÿ✞✝✟✂✡✠☛✠✌☞✎✍✒þ✑✏✒✠ ✂ ÿ✒✓✌✕✔

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☎✝✆✟✞✡✠☞☛✌✆✎✍✑✏✒☛✝✓✕✔✖☛☞✗✖✘✚✙✛✔✢✜✢✘✣☛✥✤✧✦★✓✖✔✪✩✫✙ ☛✝✬✭✜✢✘✮☛✰✯✱✗☞✠✢✘✲✘✳✜★☛✝✦✝✠✕✴✝✵✶✆✷✠✰☛✹✸✖☛✌✆✲✜✺✞✡☛ ✻✭✼✾✽❀✿✌❁✒✽❂✿☞❃✷✼★❁❅❄❇❆★❃✲✼✖❈✪❉ ❊ ❋✕●✌❋✖❍☞■✰❏❇❑★■✲❋▼▲✰❍☞◆★■✕❖◗P✺❖❀❘✌❑✝■★❖◗◆✕❍▼❏✮❑★■✲❋❚❙❯●✷❋✢❏❇❱❲❑✖❳✕❳✢❨✫❖❩❘✷❑✝■★❖❂◆✕❍✧❬✾❋✺❳✝❋✖❍✝❬✾❋✖❍☞■✕❭✝❋✢❪ ❫❅❪❴❭ ❵✳❛✕❜✕❝✝❛★❞✌❡✥❵✣❢✝❡✷❛✢❣ ❤ ✐✝❥✕❦✖✐☞❧✖♠✚♥❀♦✝♣★♥❂q✕rts ✉★r☞✈✖❥✌✉☞✈✖✇t①✾②④③⑥⑤⑦✇✕⑧✚✇✖r☞♣⑨❧☞q★r★⑩❶♥❂♣★♥◗q✕r❷✉✕❧✌♣★♥❂q✕r✖❸❹♠✹❥✢s◗✇★✐ ❺ ❻✕❼✌❻✖❽☞❾➀❿✕➁✛➂✝❻★❿✺➃✕❿✺➁✛➂✝❻▼➄★➅❲➆✳❻✕➇✖➈☞❻★❿✌❾➀➉✺➆✣➊✖➈★➋➀❻✖❽✝❾✹❿ ➌ ➍✝➎✕➏✖➍☞➐✖➑✚➒❀➓✝➔★➒❂→✕➣✌➍✰➐✝↔✺↕★➣☞➙✕➛✒➒◗➜❷↕❲➣☞➛✖➝➟➞➠➍✝➎✖➏✭➡✣➢➤➍✲➥✕➍✌➔✷➛✺➦➧➒ ➍✟↕✕➨✢➨✾➛✖➨ ➩ ➑✳➛➭➫✫➒◗↕✺➏✪➫◗➛❲➣✝→✕➔✝➒❀➜✺➒❂➐✚↕★➔✝➒❂→✕➣✥➍☞➛✺➦➯↕✕➣☞➔★➒❂➐▼➑✳➛✕➲✕➎✭➒✫➑✳➛✖➨

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➵➸➵
➵
➺❇➻✑➼✱➻➾➽❇➻➪➚➠➶➯➚➠➶❇➹➴➘⑦➶➾➹❯➚

router router router router

LAN2

➷❇➬✑➮✱➬➾➱❇➬➪✃➠❐❮❒Ï❰ Ð ❐❇Ñ⑦➮

LAN1

T3 link

backbone

WAN1 WAN2

Ò Ó❇Ô⑥Õ✢Ö✖×✥Ø Ù✫Ú❀Û✺Ü☞Ý➪Þ❅ß★àáÛ✰â✕ã✌â✖Û☞ä å æ❲ç✳è✖é☞è✾å◗ê✌è✖ëíì✢å❂î❷ï✚ð✢è❲ñ★è✕ò✾ï ó✫å❀ñ✭ô☞õ➪ö★÷✧è✕ê✚è✖ñ✝ï î✌ø✢ç➯ï✚ð✭è❲æ✷ù✕ú⑨èûó✫å❀ñ✭ô▼å æ✰ñ☞ø★ï✥ç✳è✖é☞è✾å◗ê✌è✖ë ü❮ý❂þ✚ÿ✪ý✁✄✂✆☎✧ý✁✞✝☞þ✠✟✞✡ ☛☞✞✌✆☛✞ ☛✎✍✏✟✒✑✮þ ☎✓✟✞✡✔✡✔☛✖✕✗✟ ÿ✗☛☞✡✘☞✙★þ✘✚✒✟✗✟✗✘✕✗✟✗✞✟✒✑✛☛✝þ✠✟✗✌ ý✜✥þ✚ÿ✢✟ ✣✖✤✖✥✧✦✩★✫✪✭✬✜✮✰✯✔✦✔✱✞✥ ✲✞✦✠✳✒✱✗✮ ✤✎✴✏✱✒✵✛✦✶✦✔✳✢✱✷✮✞✱✰✦✹✸✻✺✼✵✔✽✾✤✞✿❀✪✭✬✜✮✒✬ ✥✧✦✧✵❁✤✞✦✹✺✢✵ ❂✁❃

SLIDE 21

21

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✂

✄
☎

✆✞✝✠✟☛✡✌☞✎✍✏✡✒✑✔✓✖✕✗✍✙✘✚✓✛✡✙✜✙✆✢✝✣✜✤✝✥✝✠✝✠✟✧✦✔☞✔✍✩★✪✕ ✡✌✫✚✘✚✓✬✡ ✭ ✮✒✘✚✓✰✯✱✫✥✕ ✲✙✫✳✘✔✮✒✘✵✴✌✶✷✓✛✸✌✶✹✘✎✡✧✺✻✆✞✝✼✜ ✝✩✝✥✝✠✡✾✽☛✡✖✘✵✑✵✿ ✭ ❀❂❁✎❃✒❄✎❅ ❆❇❃✌❀❂❈❉❅❊❅✎❋✔●✒❋✵❍✖❄❂❃✏■❑❏✎❋✎❃▼▲◆❁✔❍✎❋P❖✠◗✱❈✖❄☛❀❘❁✌❃✒❄✖❙ ❚ ❃✌❯✔❱✵❃✖❲✵❳❨■❬❩✌❄✎■❭❁✔❍▼❲✌❪✏❈✎❍✖❫✔❋✎❃✾❈✵❳❴❋❵■❬❍✖❛✵❳✬❋✔❜✵❯✌❋✵❍✖❄☛▲❝❋✚❞ ❫✚❞❢❡✎❍✌❋✵❣❤❈✔✐❉❀✷■❑❍✵❞✗❙ ❚ ❲✒❁✵❀❥❩❉❅✤❋✔❦✱❃✌❯✵❱✵❃✖❲✔❳✒■❑❩✌❄✌■✤❁✵❍✱❅ ❈✔❍✒❫✙❯✹❈✌❫✏❋✎❃✷▲❝❲❨❈✔❯✒❃❨❈❉❅✪■✤❄❧❆✥❡✔▲♠❳❧❋✎❈❉❅❑❙♥❄✎■❑❀❘❋✚❙ ❚ ❍✖❁✎❄✔■✤❛✏■❬❲✒❈✌❄✎■✤❁✔❍♦❳✬❈✎❄♣❋q❯✌❩▼❄❴❁❵r✞s✥s✥s✉t✷✈✾❃✖❋✵❲✷▲❝❋✔●✒❋✵❍✌❄❘❃✒❄❴❁✙❳♣❀☛❙ ❚ ❳❧❋✠❅✪■✤❈✏❱✩❅✤❋✇❍✌❁✌❄✔■✤❛✏■❬❲✒❈✌❄✎■✤❁✵❍✾❃✖❋✏❀❂❈✌❍✌❄✔■❭❲♦❳✬❋✔❜✵❯✙■✗❳✬❋✵✐ ❚ ①✖②✎③✔④✤⑤✏④❬⑥✒⑦✌③✎④✤②✔①▼⑧✏⑨❧②✵⑧✖⑦✖⑩✎⑦✌③✎④❭②✎①▼❶✵④ ⑦✳❷☛❸❺❹❂⑩✏❹❘③❥⑧✏⑨❧②✌③♣②✵⑥✒②✉❻ ❼✷❽❿❾✚➀ ⑩✙➀❢➁✏➂➃❷❥➄✱➅✙➁ ➆✥➇✳➈✙➉✵➊ ➋ ➌❧➍✎➎❉➏✌➐✌➑❬➒❥➍❇➓✒➔✵→✖➣❨➐✖➌✛➎❉➑❭→✖➐❴➣✧➒❂➎❨↔❵↕✙➍✳➌❴➍✔➙✵➛✵➑❊➌✬➍✵➜

➝
➞
➟

➠✷➡➤➢❊➢✪➡✤➥✵➦✖➧☛➥✔➨✾➧✒➩✵➫✵➧✖➭✔➯✒➡✪➫✙➲✚➯✛➧☛➳✔➦✖➵❵➸✹➺✙➥✔➩✒➧❨➳✎➦✎➵✚➧☛➥✎➨▼➻✎➩✵➫✩➢✪➡✤➧✌➺✚➲✚➯➼➧ ➟ ➻✌➥✌➸❨➲✵➦✌➸✌➡ ➳✉➢❊➢ ➽✱➺✥➡ ➾✙➺✳➲✔➚✒➲✵➦✌➸✷➯✛➳✌➸✹➲✎➧✧➪✻➶✞➹✥➹✥➘✾➴☛➧✖➲✵➭✔➷ ➟ ➚✹➳✏➯✒➡ ➳✏➫✩➢✤➲q➲✔➚✒➲✵➦✖➸➬➧✔➡✗➮✌➲✎➧▼➪❝➱✃➲✚➫✳➻✖➳✌➾✵➲✏➪◆➧✔➷❒❐ ➳✌➸♣➸✒➯ ❐ ➚♣➳❉➢ ❮✔➻✖➳❉➡✗➯➼➧✔➷ ➟ ➧✌➩✔➫✵➧✖➭✵➯❨➡❬➻✌➸✎➡❭➥✔➦✒➧✾➳✏➯❧➲▼➚❨➥✠➢ ➳✎➸✌➡❢➢✤➲✠❰✔➠❂➳✔➦✹➽✳➩✎➻✎➵✙➳✌➸✹➲✎➧☛➳✎➦✎➵Ï➭✌➺✏➳✎➦✖➾✵➲✎➧✧➪❝➲✚❮ ➾✚❮❢❰ ➶✞➹✥➹✠➘✾➴▼➠✷➡❬➦✏➷ ➟ ➧✏➡❬➠❥➻❉➢✤➲✧➧✌➩✵➫✵➧✖➭✔➯✒➡❑➻✖➸✔➡✤➥✔➦✱➢ ➳✔➦✒➾✏➩✒➳✖➾✏➲✎➧❥➧✌➩✖➨✒➨✏➡❬➭✌➲ ➟ ➦✖➥✎➸✔➡✤➨✏➡❬➭✒➳✌➸✎➡✤➥✔➦♦➯✬➳✎➸♣➲q➪❿➲✚❮ ➾✚❮❊❰✔Ð✉➹Ñ❐❂➶✞➹✥➹Ò➴☛➧✖➲✵➭✔➷ ➟ Ó❧Ô✠Õ✪Ö✤×✏Ø✩Õ✤Ô▼ÙÛÚ✌Ü✵Ó❧Ô✠Õ✪Ö✤×✵Ø♥Õ✤Ô♦Ü✖Ý✎Þ✔Ö✤ß✙Ö❭à✒×✌Þ✎Ö❭Ý✎Ü✧á❨Ô✏â❘×✎Ü✖Þ✎Ö❭à ã Ü✖Ý✎Þ✔Ö✤ß✏Ö❬à✒×✌Þ✎Ö✤Ý✔Ü✖á✷ä✏Ó✬Ý✏ä✖×✖å✎×✌Þ✹Ô✵æ✱ç✵Ö✤×▼Ô✏è✢â❘×✙Ö➤Õ❊é ê✣×✔ä ë✵ì✼í✥î✙ë✔ï♥ð✱ñ✥ë✏ò❂ó✃î✚ë✎ô✙õ❴õ❨ö

SLIDE 22

22

✁
✂
✄
☎
✆

✝✟✞✡✠☞☛ ✌✎✍✑✏✡✒☞✓ ✔✖✕✘✗✚✙✜✛✟✢✡✗✣✔ ✤✖✥✣✦★✧✪✩✑✫ ✬✖✤ ✩✟✭✡✮☞✧ ✯✱✰✖✲✚✳✖✴✣✵✷✶ ✸✺✹✱✻✺✼ ✽✿✾ ❀✟❁ ✻✘❂ ❃❅❄ ❆❈❇❊❉✺❋

✺❍

■❑❏★❏▼▲✱◆ ❖❑P❘◗❚❙✷P ❯❑❱❘❲ ❳✷❨ ❩❭❬❫❪✜❴❛❵❝❜ ❞❢❡❤❣✑✐✣❥✚❦✪❡ ❧❚♠✚♥❊♦✑♣ q❢rts✑✉✘✈❈✇①r ❧❚♠✚♥❊♦✺♣ ②④③☞⑤ ⑥❤⑦ ⑧ ⑧ ⑦ ⑨✚⑩❊❶ ❷❑❸★❸❹❸★❺ ❻❑❼★❼✿❽t❾✜❿✘➀✷➁✖➂ ➃✣➄✖➅✱➆ ➄✡➇❹➈ ➉ ➊❈➋❤➌✑➍✣➎✚➏✪➋ ➐➒➑✡➑✚➓❤➔ →✣➣✚↔➙↕ →✘➛✚➜ ➝✑➞✡➟ ➜ ➣ ➠❑➡★➡✿➢✜➤t➥ ➣❈➦✖➧ ➨①➩ ➫④➭✷➫④➯★➲ ➳❑➵★➸ ➺❑➻➒➼ ➻★➻✿➻❹➽ ➺❑➻➒➼ ➻★➻✿➻✿➽t➾ ➚✣➪❈➶✖➹ ➘❭➴ ➷❊➬✖➷✟➮ ➱❑✃★✃✿✃★❐✜❒ ❮ ➮✷❰✖Ï Ð✡Ñ✿Ò ÓÕÔ ÓÖÔ ×ÙØ✣Ú✘Û➙Ø✣ÜÞÝß×❑à✟ÝáØâ×áØ✘Ú✟Û➙Ø✘Ü➙Ý➒Ü✣ã ä❊Øå×❑à✣×áØ ×áØ✘Ú✟Û➙Ø✘Ü❊Ýß×❑à❊ÝÙØ

æ
ç
è
è
é
ê
ë
ì
í
î
ï
ð
ñ
ò
ó

SLIDE 23

23

✁
✂
✄✆☎✞✝✠✟☛✡☞✟✍✌✍✎✑✏✓✒✕✔✗✖✞✘✙✖✚✒✍✌✍✎✛✘✢✜

✟✢✌✚✜✣✒✍✟ ✤☞✥✞✦★✧✪✩✣✫✭✬✆✮☞✩✰✯☞✱✲✧ ✬✚✱✕✳✑✥✍✬✆✳☞✴ ✵ ✥✞✦ ✵ ✫☞✶✢✩✣✤✆✮✆✩✣✯✚✱✲✧ ✬☞✱✢✳✑✥✢✬✕✳✞✴ ✵ ✷✗✸✺✹✆✻★✼✾✽☛✿✞✹✕✽✭❀✞✸✺✿✚❁❂✷✚❃✆❄❆❅✞✸✙❇✚✽❈❇☞✽✙❉✗❅✚✿✚❁

❊
❋
❍✭■✭❏✍❍☛❑☛▲❈▼

◆✭❖☛▼✰P☛◗❙❘❚P☛❯☞❱✑❲❈❳ ❨✢❩✭❬✗❭✣❪✾❫❵❴☛❛☛❪✾❜❈❝❙❞❚❜✭❡☞❢✞❭ ❣✭❤✺❣✢✐☛❥❧❦✍♠☛♠✺♥☛♦✙♦♣❣✍✐✍♠✺❣rq✭✐✍s t✍✉❈✈✭✇ ①✕✇✣②④③✍✈❈✇✾✉❈tr⑤❈⑥✢⑦⑧③✭t☛✈✭✇✾② ⑨✭⑩✺⑨✍❶✭❷❧❸☞⑨✑❹✣❺ ⑩❈⑨✆❻❽❼ ❾ ⑨✢❿⑧➀✍❶❈❷✭❺✾➁ ➂✭➃✺➂✍➄✭➅❧➆✢➇♣➈☛➆❈➉☛➊☛➉✭➅☛➋✾➈✺➄ ➌ ➂✢➍⑧➉✭➄☛➅✭➋✾➎ ➌ ➂✢➎❈➏☛➇❈➋✰➅➑➐ ➒ ➓☛➔❵→✕➣♣↔❽↕❚→✍➙✛➒ ➛✍➔❈➒✰➜☛➓ ➝➟➞✕➠ ➡☛➢✞➡✍➤✭➥✑➦➧➦➩➨☞➫➭➥➲➯

SLIDE 24

24

✁
✂
✄
☎

✆✞✝✠✟☛✡☞✟✌✝✎✍✑✏✓✒✔✍☞✕☛✟✗✖✙✘☞✘✛✚✙✜✢✜✣✟✌✝✛✘✤✟✥✖✧✦✩★✥✒✣✍✎★✙✍✢✟✥✍✎✜✢★✌✝✛✒✛✏✪✍✧✏✫✖✙✝ ✬ ✭✯✮✢✰✣✭✯✱✎✲✳✲✴✮✣✵✎✶✣✷☛✸ ✰✣✹✺✵✻✶✣✲✯✸ ✼✯✸✫✶✽✵✙✾✧✾✪✸✪✿❀✸❁✼ ❂ ❃❅❄✎❆☛❇❉❈ ❊●❋✽❍✣❊✤■❅❊✎❏✣❑✴❊✛■✯❇ ❏✣▲✺▼✺❏✎❊✎❑✴◆❖❄✢■✯P❀◗❘❊☛❈❙❈ ❚ ❍❘❑✽❄✣◗☞P✳❯✽▼❱❈ ❋✯❊❲❇❁❏✢◗✣■✴❊✣▼✢❍❘❊❨❳❬❩✧❊✛◗❘■✴❊✣▼✢❍✯❊❬❳❨◗✯❭✎▼✢❏✯▲✤❊ ❚ ❪❘❫✢❴❵❴✴❛❱❜ ❝✢❞✣❡✪❫✯❢●❣✛❛✢❞✴❤❖❛☞❛✎❢✻✐❅❥✤❜ ❞✣❡❁❦❱❜ ❛✺❧✽❝☛❜ ❥✯❛❲❡ ❢☞❪✯❴✴❛✯❝✢♠✯❛✢♠❨♥ ♦ ♣✙q☞♣❱r✛s✯t❲✉☛✈✙✇✙✇✧♣❱r❲✈①✇❱②☞③✪④✌②✤③ ⑤✧⑥✙⑦✙⑧❘⑨✌⑩❷❶✫❸✤❹✢❺❼❻❾❽ ❿ ➀➂➁❼➃ ➄❼➃➆➅❱➇✽➈❼➉✪➊☛➉✪➋☞➄➌➈✙➋ ➍✙➎➐➏✛➍☛➑✤➒✧➓✪➔✙→❼➣✤↔✤➍❱→✤↔☞➔☛↕➛➙➜➓✓➝❲➓❁➒✛➞➟➣☛➠❼➡☞➒ ➢ ➤➦➥➐➧➜➨❁➩☞➥❼➫➯➭➳➲❨➥❱➵✧➸❱➺✙➻✌➨ ➼✛➲❨➼●➺✌➫❵➥✔➨✫➲●➽❼➧❁➥☛➲✻➥❱➻✛➾✢➥❱➤➳➩❱➨ ➺❼➚ ➪ ➶➘➹✴➴✤➷➮➬✣➱✽➴✤✃❾➷➮➴✎➱❵❐✤➬✢❒❰❮ Ï✯Ð❘➬✎Ñ✽Ò✢➱✣❮❁➬✣Ï✯Ó❀➶➘➴✧Ô Õ✧Ô✓Ö✎➹✴➴✢Õ✙❮ Ó❘➱✽➴✤➹✴➴✤❒❲Ñ✴Ò❱×❙×✪Ø✣Ò✤Ñ☞Ù✽Ó✯✃ Ú Û✢Ü✌Ý❵Û☞Þ✢ß✣à✪á✯â✯ã✛ä✣á✯â✎Û☞åçæ➐è❘é➛à â✣ê❘á✎Ý✴è✎ß✣à á✣â✣ã☞ä❵è✢ã➯é✤â✢Ý✣ë✧ì✴á✯â✎á✢í❘ã❨à â✯ê✯á✎Ý➯è✎ß✣à✪á❘â✣ã î ï ð✢ñ✤ò✣ó ô✢õ❼ó ö ÷❾ø✤ù✫ú❁û✎ü✢ý❅þ✢ÿ✙ù❙ù

(c) 2002 Hans-Arno Jacobsen (jacobsen@eecg.toronto.edu) MIE491f
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☎✝✆✝✞✠✟☛✡✌☞✝✍✏✎✒✑ ✓ ✔✠✕✝✖✘✗✚✙ ✛✢✜✤✣✦✥✌✙ ✧✦✙✩★✪✙ ✫✝★✬✣✠✭✮★✬✥✯✫✝✧✪✛✢✰✌✙ ✛✱✛✝✙✩✲✪✧ ✳ ✴✶✵ ✷✶✵✹✸✦✺ ✻✢✼✱✽✦✾✱✴❀✿❁✽❀❂✝✴✤❃✯❄✝❅✪✺ ✽✪✻❆✽✢✻❆❇✪❈✝❄✪✻❀✻✝✴✘❉✢✽❀❃❊✿✢❋✝●✠✿✢❇✢❃✢✺❍●✤✴✤❃✌✺✩✻✪❅■✴✦❃❑❏✬❄✤❇✱✴ ▲ ▼✝◆P❖◗❖❙❘❁❚✠❯✏❱✒❖ ❲ ❄✶✵✚✾✪✵ ❄✦✵❳❂✪✽P❉❍❉❨✺ ✻✪✷ ❲ ✿✪❋✝●✝✿✪❇✢❃✢✺✹●✦✴✠❃❩✺ ✻✶✺ ❅✪✺ ❄✪❅✬✴❀✿❁❅❬❃✯❄✝✻✪✿✢❭✌✺ ✿❬✿✝✺❨✽✪✻ ❲ ❪✶❫ ❴✶❫✹❵✝❛■❪❀❜✠❝✱❪✝❞✱❡❑❞❣❢❳❤✐❪✦❥✦❦❧❞✝♠ ❡✬❪❀❞✌♥♣♦✝q✠r✢❢✠s❁♠✚t✬❢P✉❍✉ q✈❝✱✇✝♦✤❢✝❡✬❪✠♦②①✢r✌❞✢❪✤❛④③✱❪✦❛✬⑤ ⑥ ⑦✠⑧✝⑦✦⑨❀⑩❳❶✢❷✤⑨②❸❹⑦ ❺✚❻✪❼✢❽❹❾✶❿✶➀➁❽P➂➃❺✩➄✶❼✱❽P➂ ➅✢➆✏➇④➈✤➉✠➊✶➆✮➋✈➌✠➆✶➋✠➍✠➍✤➎✏➏✤➐ ➑✝➒✶➓✏➒❹➔❬→✶➣✠↔✩↕✤➙ ➛✤➜✠➝➟➞✠➠➢➡➥➤✚➦✠➡②➧✪➡❹➨✦➩➫➧✬➭❹➯✪➨✤➲❳➛✤➩✈➳✠➵✶➸➻➺✹➤✩➲✝➡P➨✘➼❣➭✤➩✝➽➾➲✪➵P➸✦➲❀➦✦➼✢➤◗➸❹➨❹➼❩➼④➛✏➺✩➨✤➲ ➚ ➪✢➶✶➹❀➘ ➴✦➷❀➬❆➮✪➴P➱❳✃✒➘✩❐✝➶✠❒✝➘✩➴✦❐✪➬❳➶P➹■❮Ï❰❀➴✤➬✱➬✶➘◗✃✒Ð✩❮

SLIDE 25

25

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✆✞✝✠✟☛✡✌☞✎✍ ✏✒✑✓✡✕✔✖✆✞✗✙✘✚✏✚✛✜✆✢✍✣✍✕✑✖✤✒✥✒✦✜✆✚✘ ✧ ★✪✩✬✫✮✭✰✯✚✱✢✲✌✳✵✴ ✶✒✴ ✷☛✸✜✯✞✹✙✺✜✯✌✹✻✲✽✼✓✸✽✾✿✴ ❀❁✲✽✹✙❂✖✷❃❂✚✶✓❂❄✳ ❅ ❆ ❇❉❈❋❊✖●■❍❑❏❉❊ ▲ ▼❖◆✽P◗◆❙❘❯❚❲❱❄❳✽❱✚❱✞❨❬❩

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❪✓❫✓❴✞❵✓❛✒❜✿❝❡❞❄❢✵❢✽❣✙❛✞❫✜❛❋❤ ✐✜❛✌❣✙❪❥❤ ❦✮❫✜❛✌❣❃❧✙❞✌❤ ❦✮❣❃❞✖❦✜♠✖❛♥❴✞❦✒❢ ♦✞♣ q r✖❦ st❪✕❫✜❴✞❵✓❛✒❜

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✈✖✇✕①✙②✢③✵④ ⑤✌⑥❋③ ② ⑦ ①✙②❯③ ④ ⑤✌⑥❄③ ②

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⑩■❶❸❷✢❹❉❺✢❻✵❼✞❽ ❾❯❿❯➀➁➀✢➂➄➃✚➅➇➆➉➈➄➊ ➋➌➊➎➍❯➏✢➂❸➃➐❾❯❿➁➑❉❾✢➒➁➃❋➓➔➑→➈➄➃➇➃✚➈❖➋➣➓✵❾❋➅✢➃✖↔❯➅❖➓✣➂❖↕➛➙ ➜✢➝❖➞➁➟✵➠❸➟✎➡❄➢❖➞❯➟✵➝❉➜➥➤➣➦✬➧➔➟✣➨❄➦➄➩✽➫☛➭❋➢➁➜✢➤➯➠✢➝❸➩➳➲❖➵❉➸☛➧➔➟✵➺❯➻➄➦➄➩➼➩✒➦❖➽➌➟✣➺❋➞❋➩✖➢❯➞❖➟✣➝➁➜➄➭❸➾➚➾➪➾➚➶ ➹ ➘➪➴❄➷❄➬➄➮❉➱❉✃❐➬→❒❮➘✎❰❉➷❖➘✣Ï➁➴ Ð❯Ñ❯Ò➁Ò❯Ó❸Ô✚Õ➇Ö✠Ó❉×❯ØÙÓ➄Ô✿Ð❋Ø➁Ú❋Ø➄Ô✚Û➄Ü Ý❉Þ❋Ý→ß✢àâá❖ã➄ä❸ß❖ß❋Ý❑å✎æ ç è✢é❸ê➣é➄ë✌ì➁í➁î✣ï❉ð✢ñ ò■ó➄ô➄õ✒ô➁ö❖÷❉ø ù ú➁û➁û➌ü➔ý✣þ❄ú❯ÿ❖ý✁✄✂✆☎✞ü✞✝✄✟✠✝✬ü ✡☞☛✄✌✎✍✑✏✁✒✔✓✖✕✆✗✙✘✛✚✢✜✔✣✄✏✥✤✦✚ ✧☞★✆✩✆✩☞✪✢✫✭✬ ✮ ✯✱✰✳✲✆✴✁✵✷✶✱✸✛✴✞✹✔✺✻✸✛✴✁✼✽✯✱✾❀✿❁✾✛❂❄❃❄✾✛❅✔✵✔✴✞✲✱✸✛✴✁✹❆✺❈❇ ✯✛✶✔✾✔✯❄✾✦❉✔✯✱❊✛✯❄✺✔✸❋✸✛✴✁✼✽✯●✹❄❂✭✸❍✾✛■ ❏ ❑✠▲✔▼✞◆✱▲✔▼✞❖✛▼✞P✱◗❀◆✔❘❀P✱❙✔P✠❚✛❖❍◗ ❯ ❱✔❲✛❳❋❳❋❨❆❩✆❬✞❱❪❭✛❫✛❬✁❲✛❩❀❴❵❱✛❛✱❭✱❩✱❩✱❜❞❝✛❡❢❜✳❝✥❬ ❭☞❣❤❬✐❝✞❬✞❫✷❥❧❦♠❣✠❜❄♥❆❫❪♦♣❜❄q❆q✛❲✱❡❍❫✱r❆❭✱❫❪♦❢❝ ❜✛❭✛♥✔❫❢♦♣❲✔❩✠❱❆❜✳r ❭❄❫❢♦s❳t❲✔♥❆❫❪♦♣❲✔❩❄❱✔❜❤r✱❜✛✉✆❭✠❱❆❫❄❝ ❥✦♦♣❲✛❩✱❱✔❜✦✈ ✇ ①❄❜✦❡②♥❄❬ ♥✭❫❪❜❄❩✠❱❆❜③❦④❲✔q⑤❜✱⑥✔❜❄❩✛❫❍♥✛✈ ⑦ ⑧✁⑨✦⑩✄⑩❷❶❹❸✠⑩ ❺❄❻✄❼✳❽✐❾❿❽✁➀✆❽✥➁✆➂➄➃➅➁✢➆ ➇✢➆✐➈☞➀✔➉➊❼✠❻✄➋☞➀❄➌✄➍❆➁➎➁✄➏✱➁❤➐☞➀③➑➒❽✞➂✠➀✛➉✳➍✦❽✁➁✆➂✄➓

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(c) 2002 Hans-Arno Jacobsen (jacobsen@eecg.toronto.edu) MIE491f
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✆✞✝✞✟✡✠

☛ ☞✍✌✏✎✒✑ ✓✒✔✖✕✘✗✚✙✞✛✜✗✚✢✤✣✦✥★✧✩✗✒✪✞✪✩✫✭✬ ✮✞✯✞✰✡✬ ✱ ✢✍✧✏✫✒✔ ✲✴✳✡✵✩✶✸✷✏✹✻✺✼✵✍✽✒✹ ✲✴✳✡✵✩✶✸✷✏✹✻✺✼✵✍✽✒✹ ✲✒✳✡✵✩✶✸✷✏✹✻✺✼✵✍✽✒✹

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(c) 2002 Hans-Arno Jacobsen (jacobsen@eecg.toronto.edu) MIE491f
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✄✆☎✝☎ ✞✠✟☛✡☞✡✍✌✠✎✠✡✑✏✓✒✍✔✖✕✘✗✙✔✚✞✙✛✑✡✜✗✢✞✤✣✥✔✦☎ ✗★✧✩✒✪✧✓✫✍✧✠✛✑✗✬✡✜✭✓✏✑✏✮✞✩✒✰✯✱✔✚✛✍✲✳✗✬✞✴✗✍✵✩✧✶✔✷✒ ✏✑✞✙✛✘✗★✧✠✛✑✗✢✡ ✸ ✹✶✺✼✻✓✽✿✾✼❀❂❁✶❃ ❄✬❅✍❆✮❄✢❇✰❈★❉ ❊★❋✢❉❂●✬❍✆■❑❏▲❄✰❋▼●✮❇★◆✰■✢❖✓P✙◗❙❘★❍✮❚❯❊✮❈✬❉❱❇✰❲✢❳❩❨❭❬✙❪ ❫ ❴❛❵✼❜✴❝✥❞✦❡ ❢★❜✩❣ ❤ ✐✙❥☞❦☞❧✘♠✠♥✠❧✑♦✓♣✍q✖r✘s✙q❂✐✓t ✉ ✈ ✇☞① ②✱③⑤④✱③⑦⑥❭⑧⑨⑥✍②✮② ⑩✩❶✓❶✼❷❂❸✙❹✓❺ ❻✙❼✑❽✙❾✍❿✙➀✚➁✓❽➂❿★➃❭➄✘❿✤➀ ➅✜➄✠➆✙➆✩➇⑨➀❱➈✠➉➊❿✢➁✤❿✮➃✩➈✤❾✍➁✠❽✘❿✢➈✠❽✘❿➋➁✙❻☞➄✙❽➂➈✓➌✍➈✠❽✘❿ ➍ ➎ ➏ ➐➒➑✴➓✓➔✮➓✠➑✑→☞➣✪↔✑→✮↕✘➙✩➓✙➛✿↔➂➛✑➜✠➝✠➛✑↕✓➞✍➟✖➠✘→✘➟❱➡✙➑ ➢ ➟❂➤ ➥✱➦➨➧✢➩ ➫❂➭☞➯✓➲★➳✶➵✚➸✮➳✙➺✢➯✠➻➊➺✢➼ ➽⑤➾✘➚✑➪ ➶ ➹ ➘❛➴✼➷✳➬❭➮✃➱✥❐❮❒❂➷❭❰ÐÏ❂Ñ☞Ò✬➱✴Ó✩Ï✚Ô✘Õ➊Ö✼❒✝❒✑Ñ✍×✠❐❭Ñ✍Ø✓➮✍Ï✖➬✘Ò✙Ï✚➱✙Ô✑Ñ✜Ò✍➴❭Ö✘Ò✿➴✥Ö✑Ù✍➷ Ú✱Û ➪✢Ü ➷✓Ù★Ö✶❒✚×✮Ö✘Ò★➷✠ÕÝÒ✬➱ ➽⑤➾✙➚✘➪ ➶ ➹ Þ✶ß✼à✓á✿â✼ã❂ä✙å✠æ çéè✠ê✠ëìë í îìïñð✩ò✓ó❭ô✠õ ö❭÷ùø✼úüû☞ý✪ö✙þ✓ÿ✁✄✂

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✂☎✄✝✆✟✞✡✠☞☛✍✌✝✎✑✏✒✠✓✄✕✔✓☛✖✞✘✗✙✏✟✎✑✏✖✗✚✌✓☛✛✆✖✎✑✄✢✜✟✎✣✌✕✤✥✤✦✞✧✔★✜ ✩ ✌✕✔★✜ ✪✓✫✑✬✭✆✮✏✮☛ ✯ ✰✲✱✕✳✵✴✷✶✹✸✖✺✭✻✧✼☞✽✿✾✑❀✮✽✢✱✟❁ ✶✥❂✕✾✣✸✝❃❅❄✦✶✑❆✭✺✢❀✚❇❈✻✘❀✟✾❉❄✝✾✑✼✢❇✕❆ ❊ ❋✢✱✖✳❈❁●✻✘✼❍❄✢✶✮✻✡✸✕■★✽ ❏ ❑❈▲☞▼✓◆ ❖✮◆◗P✹◆ ❘✹❖ ❙ ❚✢❯ ❱✹❲✣❲❨❳❬❩★❭❪❲❬❫✷❴✝❵ ❛ ❚✢❯ ❱✹❲✣❲ ❜❞❝❍❡❣❢✓❤❥✐ ❦☞❧♥♠★♦q♣ r❍s✖t❉r☞✉❍✈✓✇②①♥r❍③❪✇⑤④✷⑥✝⑦ ⑧ ⑨❪⑩☞❶✹❷❹❸☞❶✍❺ ❶✹❻✑❼❣❸✹❶★❽❥⑩✥❾❥❿♥❸✥➀❞⑩❍❻❉❻❉❸❍➁☞⑩❹❷✮⑩★❿★❺ ❶✢❺ ❼✹❺✡❾❥❶ ➂ ➃ ⑩❍➄❪❻❨➀➆➅➇❶❍⑩★➄ ➈❞❶❍❼❣❸★➉❥❺◗❾ ➃ ⑩❍➄❈❻ ➊➌➋✵➍➏➎

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➒➔➓✮→✝➣★↔✕↕✓➙✘➛✢➜✮➙✡➝✮➞ ➟ ➠❪➡☞➢★➤☞➥◗➦❉➧➩➨✣➫✢➢ ➭➲➯➵➳✙➸ ➺❥➻❨➼❉➽✢➾✥➚❞➾❍➪❉➪❉➶❍➹★➾ ➘ ➴✮➷ ➬✢➷✹➮✃➱❐➴❍❒✣❒❰❮❍➬★➴✦Ï ❒➇Ð✹Ñ⑤ÒÔÓ★Õ☞➴ Ö②×★Ø✭Ù Ú Û Ü❪Ý Þ✹ß❉ß à✲á✑â★ã✵ä★å☞æ ç è❪é ê❍ë❉ë☞ì í❥î☞ï❉ðòñ✓ó❞ô õ❪ö⑤÷☞øqù❨ú➏û ü ý✵þ❍ÿ✁✄✂☞ÿ✆☎✞✝✠✟☛✡✌☞✎✍❨ÿ✞☎✑✏✞✒✓✝✔✡✖✕✘✗ ✙ ✚ ✛✢✜ ✣✥✤✧✦✩★✫✪✩✬✮✭ ✯ ✰ ✱✧✲✩✳✧✱✧✴✶✵✮✳✩✷✹✸ ✺✼✻✾✽✿✽✁❀✓❁✧❁❂✻❄❃❆❅✹❇❆❈✖❉✩❊☛❋ ❋❍● ■ ❏✢❑▲❑ ▼☛◆P❖❘◗❚❙❱❯❲❑ ❳✆❨✔❩❲❑✠❬❭❖✞❩✆❬☛❪❫❨ ❴✁❑❵❨❜❛✖❴✞❳✆❨✄▼✆❝❡❞❣❢✐❤☛❨ ❴❥❙❱❯✘❑ ❳✆❨❜❩✫❑✠❬❦❨✔❝❡❧❲❬❲♠✮❨✔❳✧❴❡❝✞❪✩❬❲♥

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✝✟✞✡✠☞☛✍✌✡✎✏✝✒✑✡✓✕✔✗✖✙✘✚✎✜✛✜✢✣✝✒✌✙✤☞✥✦✎✜✛★✧✩✠✙✪✫✛✏✬☞✭✮☛✍✬✙✯✰✝✱✎

✠✟✭✫✯✲✠✣✳✩✳✩✬☞✧✴✛ ✠✫✪✵✝☞✯✲✳✣✤☞✥☞✳✣✧✟✶✷✛✸✌✫✪✫✛★✬✙✭✹✎ ✠✙✭✷✺✻✤✷✠✣✺☞✝

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(c) 2002 Hans-Arno Jacobsen (jacobsen@eecg.toronto.edu) MIE491f
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▼❖◆✴P✻◗❙❘✷❚❱❯❲❚✫❳✙❨✫❩❭❬☞❘✩▼❖❚❫❪❴❘✵❵✙▼❖❬✙❛☞◆✻❜✣◗❙❬✙❚✟❝❞❪❴❡❢◗✸❬❣❜❤❵✻❜✚❘✫❡✦◗★❬✙❚ ✐ ❥✴❦♠❧✙♥✻❦♣♦✟qrq❱s❙t✣♥✈✉ ♦✙t✣♥✻✇✩♦✷♥✴①③②♠④❣❥✙①❊q⑤❧☞⑥✰①✱✉✷❧❣❦ ⑦⑨⑧ ⑩✣❶✫❷❣❸✴❹⑨❺ ❻ ⑩✣❸✴❹❱❼❾❽❿⑩✩➀✫➁❭➂✣❶✣➀✵➂☞➁✚❸☞➃✹➃❣❺✫➀❭❺❊❹⑤➄✙➃✰❸✱➅

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➎❭➏✣➐✟➐☞➑☞➒✹➓✷➔✱→➣→✏➑☞➓✩➎✟↔✏➔☞↕❱➔✟➙❫➒❣➏✫➎❭➏✹↔✏➎✵➑✴➛⑤➜ ➝ ➔✻➞✫➟✚➑☞➓✩➎r➠❴➒✴➏✙➎✚➏❴➜✷➎✣➡❭➢✣➓✣➎✵➢☞➡✚➑③➔✻➡ ➤➦➥ ➡♠➑☞➓✣➔✴➡❭➒ ➝ ➜✣➑✟➎✍➔✙➙❫➏✫➎❖➎✷➡✣↔❾➞❣➢✣➎❖➑❊➧✵➏✡→❙➢✫➑❊➨✣➏✡↔✜➡♣➜

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☎ ✆✞✝✠✟☛✡✌☞✎✍✞✏✒✑✓☞✕✔✒✖ ✗✙✘✓✚✜✛✒✢✤✣✦✥✧✘✠✗✩★✠✣ ✪✫✪ ✬✮✭✠✯✱✰✜✲✳✯✴✰✠✵✧✶✕✷✜✬ ✸✙✹✻✺✽✼✠✾✧✿✕❀ ❁✙❂✓❃ ❀✠❄✜✿❆❅ ❂✠❁❈❇ ✿❉✹❊✹ ❋✮●✠❍❏■✓❑▼▲✒❍✽❍✤◆✞❖◗P✧❘✞❍✮●✧❋ ❙ ❚✜❯✒❱❳❲✞❨❬❩✓❱❭❱✜❪✜❫❆❴❛❵✤❱✮❯✓❚❝❜ ❞ ❡✴❢❣❡✴❤✐❤❦❥❭❧❆♠✞♥❭❤❦♦❳♣✮❡✮qr❡✽❢ s✮t✞✉ ✈✮s✽✇❏t✽①✞②③✇ ④ ⑤ ⑥⑧⑦⑩⑨✓❶✴❷❹❸✒⑤ ❺❻⑤ ⑦✴❼ ❽✽❾✮❿③➀✜➁✽➂ ➃ ➄ ➅❦➆➈➇✽➉✎➊➌➋ ➍ ➎✜➏✽➐✴➑➒➎✞➓✐➔✴→❦➎✜➣ ↔✮↕✽➙ ➛✠➜❉➝✜➞✐➟✞➞➡➠✤➛✒➜ ➠✽➟❝➢

Numeric: price string: email Hierarchical: auction_category

➤ ➥✒➦✴➧➩➨✒➫ ➭❻➫ ➯ ➲✴➜❉➳❭➵✒➢ ➝ ➦✽➸ ➺③➻✞➢ ➼✮➜ ➽✽➾➈➚✧➪ ➶✽➹✤➘ ➴

Single: price, auction_category Multi-valued: email, description by keywords

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➱✫✃✮❐✒❒❛❮✕❰✫Ï❝➱✜Ð❻➱✓Ñ Ò✒Ó❝Ô❉Õ✒Ò✓Ö×Ó✞Ø❛ÙÚÖ Û Ü✎Ý✫Ü✎Þàß✜Þ✴Þ✤á✒â❝Ü✎ß✜Ý✴ã✠ä❈å❣Ü✎Ý✴æçß è✮é✠ê✱ë✜ìîí✒ê✮ê✴ï✜ð❆ñ❛ò✞ê✽é✧è ó ô✓õ❭õ✜ö✜÷❆ø❛ù✤õ✮ú✓ûç÷✎ü✫ô❊õ✮ý✠þ❛÷✎ÿ✁⑩ô✄✂ ø✧ú ☎✝✆✟✞✡✠☛✆✌☞✎✍✌✏✒✑ ✓✕✔ ✍✌✖✗☞✙✘✚✍✛✞✡✆✢✜

Topic generic_auction:

Mandatory: price, auction_category, description, Optional: seller_name,

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Topics: generic_auction, antiques,

Set of (attribute,values): (price, 9000), (auction_category, table), (description, {“oak”, “dinning table”}, (period, 1800), (style, Louis XV).

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✦★✧✪✩✫✧✭✬ ✮ ✯✱✰✳✲✵✴✷✶✹✸✺✲✼✻ ✽✳✾❀✿ ❁❃❂❀❄ ❅✼❆ ❇✷❈❊❉✫❋❍●✱■❑❏▲❉✱▼✪▼❖◆❖P❘◗❙●✳▼✪■✼❚ ❯ ❱❘❲❨❳❬❩✫❱❪❭❑❫❴❳❬❵❜❛ ❝❖❞✹❡❣❢❜❤❪✐❙❡❦❥❀❡♠❧✱❢❨❤♥❧♦❥q♣✳r✫❞ts✉❥❙❤❍✈✳✇

Subscription: (topic contains generic_auction) AND (topic contains Antiques) AND (price < 10000) AND (style = Louis XV)

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✂☎✄✝✆✟✞✡✠☞☛✍✌☞✎✏✆✒✑✓✂☎✠✓✔ ✕✗✖✓✘✚✙✝✘ ✖☞✘✜✛✣✢✓✤☞✥✧✦✜★✪✩✏✖✬✫✬✭✏✮✰✯ ✱ ✲✧✳ ✴✶✵✸✷✺✹✻✵✪✷☎✼✟✳✾✽✪✴ ✿ ❀✓❁ ❂✬❃❅❄✬❃✪❆✺❀✺❇❉❈✺❊✻❋✪❈☎●✬❁✧❆✡❍ ■ ❏✬❑✝▲✍▼☎◆☞▲✬▼☞❖✝P❘◗☞❙✣◆☞❚ ❯ ❱✣❲☎❳✬❨✍❩ ❬✡❭❪❱✣❫❵❴❵❱✺❨✣❛✺❩❜❲☎❝✣❩❜❞✺❡❢❩ ❡❤❣❉❨✡❞✺❡✺❱✡❝✶❛❅❣✜❩❜❡☎❝❥✐❅❴❵❣☎❱✶❳✍❦♠❧♥❣✺❡☎❡❵❳✬❛ ♦ ♣☎q❥r✓s t✪r❵✉❥♣✈✉✪✇✓① ②❤♣☎③✓④❵⑤✪♣✺②✡②✍①❜⑥✺⑦✻r✺⑧☎r✜①❜⑦✣②✶✉✸♣☎q✣♣☎⑦☎✉⑩⑨✶⑥✺⑦✺✉❥♣✍⑦✺✉ ❶ ❷✪❸❺❹✟❻✏❼❾❽✜❿✝➀✏❽✬➁✏➂❵➃➄❹✬❷✟➃❜➅✏➆➈➇❪➅✝❼❘❻➊➉ ➋ ➌✍➍❵➎✓➏✧➐✧➑❥➒☎➓✺➐❜➔✣→✺➣✸➒✬↔❥↕❪➌✍↔❥➔✶➙✬↔➛➒✍➜✸➜✻➐ →✺➙➈➏ ➒✺→✺➙✬➍✪➒✺➙✬↕➝➓➛➞✍➌❵↕❵➟➠↕❵→☎➓✺➐ ➓✣➐✾↕☎➣ ➋ ➣✺➍❵➎❵➣✺➑✣↔✣➐❜➌☎➓✺➐ ➔✺→❢➐ →➡➓✪↕✬↔✪➜➢➣✻➔✺➤❤➓✪➥✜↕☎➣✣↕✈➓➦➞✬➌❵↕✺➣✸➒❵→✺➟❾➏ ➒☎→✺➙✬➍✪➒✺➙✍↕❉➜➧➔✺➟✝↕✓➏ ➋ ➑✜➏ ➔✶➣✣↕❪➓✪➔❪➑✡➔✺→☎➓✪↕❵→✣➓✡➨❅➎❵➒☎➣✶↕✍➟♠➜➧➔✣➟✝↕✓➏

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➭✜➯✟➲✏➳✓➵❜➸✺➺➻➭✜➼✏➽✏➭✬➳✝➾✍➵✧➯✜➚✜➵✧➪✟➶✬➭❢➚✺➪➹➲✝➘✍➲✏➶✜➚✶➭❢➪✝➸➴➵✾➶✜➚☎➲❺➾✣➲✟➭☎➚ ➫ ➷✓➬✚➮✟➬ ➷☞➬✜➸✓➵✃➱ ➚❵➲❺➾❤➭✬➯✟➲✏➳✓➵✾➸☞➵✧➳☎➷✜➚✟➵✾➪✝➶ ➫ ❐❮❒ ❰✍Ï✜❒✧Ð✬Ñ✓Ò✓❒ ❰✜ÓÕÔ☞Ö✝Ï☎×➢Ö✏Ö✏Ð Ø Ù✡Ú✣Û✬Ü➧Ý✝Û❵Þ✬ß à❵Û✍ÝáÚ✣Ù✍â❵Ú✺ã✶Ü✣ß✾ä☎å✺ß æ✺à✺Ú➧ç❵à☎Ý Ø è✡é✣ê✬ë➧ì✍ë❥í✣î✬ïñð ê☎é✍ò☎ó✗ì❵í✶é✪é✬ï✧ô❺ð õ✬ö✒÷❵è✣ø✪í✺ù♥÷❵ø✺ï❜ú✪÷✏ðûð õ✈ü✍ê❵ý☎ê✬ë❅÷❵ø❥ê✬þ❺ò✶÷❵ý✺þ ù♥÷✟ï ý✺øÿ÷✜ï❜ý☎ê✍þ➹ô☎õ➝é✪õ☎é✡ø✪ê✬ù

✁✄✂✆☎✝✂✟✞

✠☛✡✌☞✎✍ ✏✒✑ ✓✕✔✗✖✙✘✛✚✢✜ ✣✥✤✧✦☛✔★✣✩✦✄✖✫✪✭✬✯✮✧✘✧✰✱✦✫✦✄✖✙✘✌✲✳✖✥✴✄✰✆✤✙✰✱✮✫✰✱✵✕✤✧✪ ✶ ✪✧✵✥✷✸✖✹✮✺✚☛✻✫✖✼✷✽✵✕✲✙✖✾✜✥✔✩✤✩✲✿✖✙✘✩✜ ✚✾✰❀✤✗✦❁✖✥❂✧✖✕✤✩✮❃✦✕✖✕✤✩✖✙✘❄✣✩✮✫✰❀✵✥✤❅✻✄✘✺✵✫❆✩✖✫✪❇✪❉❈❊✪✩✔✕❋✳● ✣✄✘❍✖❁✵✥✻✫✖✙✘❄✣✩✮✎✵✙✘■✪❉✵✥✤✝✮★❏❑✰ ✪❉✮❄✚✙✻✫✖❁✷❃✵✥✲✳✖✾✜ ✶ ▲✿▼ ◆✫❖✗P✄◗❘P✕❙✗❚❘❯✫❱❉❱☛❲✟▼ ❚★P✙❳❃❨❬❩✗❭✄❪❴❫✎❵✕❫✧❚✎P✄◗❛❭✝❖✗❜☛◆✩❙✫❙✩P✾▼✩❝❴❫✩❞✕❡✕❫✗❖✥❳✧❲❢❡☛P✙❳★❣

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✂☎✄✝✆✟✞✡✠☞☛✍✌✏✎✒✑✔✓✖✕✗✑✙✘✏✌✟✑✔✠✖✚✙✞✛✆✔✂✒✞✜✄✣✢ ✤✙✥✒✦★✧☞✩ ✪✬✫✏✭✮✫✔✯✙✪✍✫ ✰ ✱✮✲☞✳ ✴ ✵☞✶✸✷✸✹✻✺✼✹✾✽✮✿ ❀ ❁✔❂✏❃✒❄❆❅✏❃✒❄❆❇✮❈✟❉✒❊✔❅✖❋●❊☞❍✏❈✟❊✔❁✣■☞❏▲❑✔❄✣❏✜❂✣❃ ▼❖◆◗P✖❘✔❙❯❚❲❱✔❙✒❳❩❨☞❬❪❭❫▼❵❴ ❛☞❜❞❝✔◆✙❡✜❛✔❱❢❚ ◆☎❛✏❣◗❛✒❱✙◆✬❛ ❤❪✐❫❥❧❦✏♠✙♥✮♦✒♣❆qsr t✉❦☞✈ ✇❪①③②⑤④☞⑥❞④✒⑦⑨⑧ ⑩❲❶☞❷✸❸✼❹✻❺✼❹✾❻⑨❼❪❽❫❾➀❿✙➁✒❺⑨➂✮❶✒➃❆❻➄⑩ ➅✙➆❆➇✖➈✙➉✍➊ ➋➍➌➏➎❖➐✖➑✙➒☎➓❢➔➣→✖↔✒↕✣➙✼➙★➛➜➋✗➌❫➎⑤➝✒➞❆➟✜➠✙➓➢➡ ➤➣➥➧➦➍➨ ➩ ➫✜➭✸➯✖➲✒➳✒➫✜➵❆➸➺➯✏➻✙➯✣➲✒➳➽➼⑨➾✣➳❆➳❆➯➪➚✬➲☞➶➹➫✜➲➘➶✟➫✜➲☞➴❪➷✾➯➹➯✣➻✙➯✖➲✒➳➬➶✙➳✔➚✍➯✣➾✟➮ ➱ ✃✔❐✝➚❆➚☎➯❪➷ ➾✣➳⑨➯❒➯✒➻☞➯✣➲✒➳❞➶❒➫✡➲➹➮s❮➪➷✾➳✣➫▲➼✝➷✜➯❰➶✙➳✙➚☎➯✣➾✟➮➄➶ ➱ Ï❞Ð✸Ñ✛Ò✜ÓÔÒ✜Õ✮Ö➹×✣Ø❯Ù✔Ú✏Û✖Ù✔Ü✖Ý✔Ò▲Þ✔Õ✒Ò✜×✏ß❰à➜Ò✛á✜â➪áäã✔ÐåÑ✾â☞Ð✒Ù☞â✖æ

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ë⑨ì✔í☞îïì✒ë❞ð❲ì✙ñ ò✔ó✻ôöõ ÷❖ø✙ù✝ú✾û✙ü✮ý✏þ✖ú✜û✙ü✍ÿ✁✄✂✆☎✞✝ ý✠✟ ✡ ☛✠☞✍✌✁✎✆✏✒✑✓☛✒✎✆✔ ✕✠✖ ✑✘✗✚✙✛✌ ✜✣✢✥✤✠✦✍✕★✧✩✤✫✪✭✬✍✦✭✮✆✤✁✧✭✪✒✯✚✯✚✯✱✰ ✲ ✳✠✴✥✵★✶✭✷✘✸✥✹ ✺✼✻✾✽❀✿✘❁✠❂✩❃✘❄✭❅✭❃✫❆✘❇❈❃✒❁✠❂✩❃✘❄✭❅✭❃✫❆❊❉ ❋

❀❍✍■✘❏✠❑✠▲❀❍✒▼

◆✍❖P◆✁◗✭❘✩❙✒❚❱❯❳❲ ❨ ❩✛❬✘❭❱❪✁❩✛❪✥❫✭❴ ❵✘❛P❵✥❜✭❝❳❞✒❡❱❢❳❣ ❤ ✐❦❥❱❧✍♠✄♥✠♦❈♣✍q✭rts✘♣✘✉✠✉✞✐❀❥✍r✘✈✇✈②①④③✼q✁⑤ ♥✘✈✭r★⑥⑧⑦✭③✼⑨✒⑩✥♥✠♣✭❧✇⑥⑧⑦✒❶✚❶✚❶✱❷ ❸❺❹❼❻❈❽❿❾✘➀✥➁ ➂✍➃✭➄➆➅❈➇ ➈✒➉✇➉ ➊➌➋✘➍★➎❱➏❦➐✭➑➓➒★➔★→★➣❱↔➙↕✫➛➜➛➜➛➞➝➜➝✠➟

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(c) 2002 Hans-Arno Jacobsen (jacobsen@eecg.toronto.edu) MIE491f
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✄✆☎✞✝✠✟☛✡✌☞✎✍✑✏✒☎✓✄✔✟✕✡✓✖✗✖✘☞✚✙✜✛✢✟✤✣✚✥✎✛✢✡✌✙✧✦★☎✌✥✪✩✫☎✓☎✓✙✬✡✜✦☛✭✮☎✓✟✕✥✰✯ ✱ ☎✌✲✕☎✓✙☛✥✘✯✕☞✎✍✌✍✑✏✳✛✴☎✎✯✗✣✌✙✚✄✔✟☛✡✎✙☛✯✚☞✎✖✵☎✜✶✵✖✵✣✸✷✹✦★☎✺✣✌✙✕✡✓✙✤✷★✖✻✡✞☞✤✯ ✱ ✼✵✽✓✾❀✿✒❁☛❂✤✽✓✾❄❃✓✿ ❁❅❁✚❆❇✽✌❃✕✽✓❆☛❂✗❈✚❉✞❁✎❆✚❆✎✽❋❊✎●✠✿✒❍■❁❇❏▲❑■▼❖◆❋P❘◗★❙☛❚✮✽✓❈☛❂✕❯ ❱ ❍✚❲✚❳✌❳✚◗★❨❩❂✪❍❅✼✘❲★❊ ❂✎✿❬❳✑❊✒✽❅❍✚❲✎❳✌❳✑❊✳✿✴✽✜❨❩❍■❭❪✼✘❲★❊ ❂✎✿❬❳✑❊✒✽❇❈☛◗✓❆✕❍☛❲✎✼✘✽✜❨❩❍ ❱ ❍✚❲✚❳✌❳✚◗★❨❩❂✪❍❅❳✎❲✕❍✚❉❫❁✎❆✎✾✹❳✌❲✜❊❴❊★✿✢❆✚❂✪✽✜❨❵❁✌❈✤❂✌✿✒◗✓❆✕❍ ❱ ✽✌❃✕✽✓❆☛❂✰❍✗❁★❨✮✽❫❆✚◗✚❂✗◗★❙☛❚✰✽✓❈✕❂✗● ❑✬❙❋❛ ❜❝❁✚❍❞❈✕◗✌❆✎❈☛✽✆✿✢❃✕✽✓✾❡❊ ❁✎❂✪✽✜❨✸❯ ❱ ❢✞❣✓❤❖✐✌❥✕✐✜❦✕❧✎✐✌❥✕✐✓♠✚♥✗♦✞♣✎♥✮♣❫q✻♣✤r✹s★✐✺t✉♣✎♠✤r★✈❖✇❋①❖②❇♥❩r✜③✎✐ ④ ♠☛❣ ⑤⑦⑥✜⑧ ⑨✚⑩✕❶✜❷❹❸❺⑨✚⑩✕❶✜❷❹❸❼❻✳❽✴❾❅❽✒❿✤❶✓➀❄➁✞❽➂❻ ❿✸❶✜❷✕❽✴➃☛➄✧➅➆➃✚⑥✎❿✘❿✰⑥✺➇✤➈✤❸⑦➃☛⑥✌➃✎❶✜➉

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module CosEventComm{ exception Disconnected {}; interface PushConsumer{ void push(in any data) raises (Disconnect); void disconnect_push_consumer(); } interface PushSupplier{ void disconnect_push_supplier(); } interface PullSupplier{ any pull() raises(Disconnected); any try_pull (out bool has_event) raises(...); void disconnect_pull_supplier(); } interface PullConsumer{ void disconnect_pull_consumer(); } }

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supplier supplier consumer consumer Event Channel

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PushSupplier PushConsumer PullConsumer PullSupplier

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✟✡✠☞☛✌✟✎✍✑✏✓✒✕✔✡✍✖✔✘✗✖✙✛✚✢✜✤✣✛✥✧✦✩★✪✟✎✍✘☛✫✏✑✟✭✬✮★✎✒✕✯✑✟ ✰ ✱✳✲☞✲✴✏ ✵ ✶✢✷✑✸ ✹✻✺✽✼✻✾✮✿✌❀❁✺✌❂❃✹✽❄❅❀❇❆✌❈✻✼✻❉✻❉✻✺✴❊ ❋

✡❍✓■❑❏

▲✽❍✑▼❖◆✫P✪◗❁❘✑▼❙❘✻❚✻❯❁❍✪❍✌❱ ❲ ❳✌❨✕❩❭❬✪❪❅❫✮❳❵❴ ❛ ❜✪❝✽❞❢❡❅❝✽❞❢❣✽❞❢❤✻✐ ❥ ❦❁❧✪♠✽♥✕♦✻♣✮qsr✘♥✉t ✈❁✇✑♠✽♥ ①✌②④③❁❧❅⑤✽❧✘⑥✓♥✉t❑♥❢✈✽♥❢✇✻q ⑦ ⑧✳⑨❶⑩✑❷❹❸✌❺✻❻✽❼✪❽❿❾✑➀✉➁ ➂❁❼✑➃✽➀ ➄✌➅ ➆ ➇✽➈✽➄✽❻✽➂❁➃❙❺✡➀ ➄✌➂✫➁ ❺✻➄✽➅✘➉❁❺✽➅✑❼❿❸✻❺✻❻➊❼✪❽ ➆ ➋➌❺✻➄✪➉➍❺✓➁➎➁ ➏➐➇➊➈✌❽✡❼✪❽❿❾✪➀➑➁ ➂❁❼✑➃❹❻ ➒ ➓➊➔✮→❁➣✌↔✮➔✮➣✌→➍↕✪➙✢↕✻➛➊↕❅➜✻➔❵➓➞➝➠➟✻➡✌→❭↕❅➟✽➟✑➢✕↔✪➢ ↕❅➜✻➔❭➟✪➢➥➤ ➔➍↕✘→✽➢ ➜✽➦✘➧ ➨ ➩✪➫❁➭✡➯✪➲❅➭✡➳✪➩✳➵✕➸✳➯✖➲✪➺✳➻✡➻✘➸✴➫✮➩

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✂☎✄✝✆✟✞✡✠☞☛✌☛ ✍✏✎✒✑✓✑✕✔ ✖✟✗✙✘✟✚✛✖ ✜✣✢ ✤✟✥✧✦✩★✫✪✭✬✮✦✩✪✛✤✯✬✱✰✣✲✙★✳✪✭✴ ✵✷✶✹✸✻✺✛✶✽✼✯✾✻✿❁❀ ❂❃✿ ❄✩❅❇❆❉❈❊✸✳❂✓❂☞✺✛✶✳❋✭❋ ❆✭●✟✶✳❋✝✶■❍☎●✫✸☞❀❏❀ ✶✻❄☎❅✻✶✳❋ ❑ ❋✩✾☎▲✫▲✩❈✫✺✧❆ ▼❖◆☎P☎◗✳❘✝❙✱❚✫❯✫▼ ◗✫◆❲❱✕▼✒❳❉❳✭❨✣❙❩▼✒◆☎❚✟❯✳▼ ◗✫◆❲❚✣❬✫❬✣❭✌▼ ❪✩❚✻❯✳▼ ◗✳◆✩❳ ❫✒❴❵❴✩❛✻❜✧❝❡❞✫❢☎❣✝❛✫❤ ❛✫❴✩✐✫❫❥❢✛❞✝❴✻❦❧❛✫❴✩❜✧♠✹♥ ♦✕♣✛q✫r✒s t✈✉❃r ✇①t✳s t✛②③②✧④⑥⑤✛⑦⑨⑧①t✭✇③⑦⑩t✛⑧✛④⑨⑤❉⑦⑩⑧⑨✇❷❶✛⑦⑩t✛⑧❸②✡❹ ❺ ❻✩❼☎❽✫❽✩❾✫❿✧➀ ➁✩➂✫➃❉➄✙➅✫➆✭➇➉➈✱➊✣➁✩➊✫➋✫➂✣➈➌➂✣➁✝➃ ➍✫➎✫➏ ➐✱➑✫➒✣➓ ➔❉➑✫→✩➓✒➒✝➣ ↔✻↕✫↕☞➙❥➛✒➜❉↔✩➝✳➛✒➞✩➟✝➠ ➡ ➢✩➤✡➥✟➦❧➧✳➨✷➩✫➤☎➫❩➭☎➩✩➦❧➯✫➩☎➲✫➧✫➲✳➳⑥➵✫➸ ➺ ➻➽➼❉➾❉➚➪➚ ➶ ➹➴➘❉➷⑩➘☎➬✡➮③➘❧➱✛✃✭❐✻❒✒❮ ❰✧Ï✭Ð❉Ñ❃✃✭❐❉❰✛Ò⑥➷✛❮❖❐✛Ó✏Ñ✓Ô❉❰⑥➮⑩Ó☎Õ Ö ×ÙØ Ú➽Û❉Ü❉Ý➪Ý Þ ß✙à✏á✭â ã✷ä⑥å✛æ⑥ç è❸é❉ê✧ë✡ì☎í❊î➴ïñð✛ò❃ò ó ôñõ ö➽÷✛ø❉ù➪ù ú ûýü❉ü✛þ③ÿ✁✄✂ ☎✝✆✁✞✠✟✡☎☛✆✁✞✌☞✁✍✎✂ ✏✌✑✓✒✁✆✕✔✖✟✘✗✚✙✜✛✣✢✥✤✦✤ ✧ ★✥✩✫✪✭✬✕✮✰✯✁✱ ✬✲✩✴✳✕✵✕✶✥✱ ✷✘✱ ✸✁✮✁✶✥✱ ✵✁✳✹✩✫✳✲✺✘✱✻✳✲✩ ✼✾✽✁✿✘❀ ❁✘❀ ❂✫❃✓❄❅❂✰❆✌❆✲❇✲❈✎❀ ✿✖❈✰❉ ❊ ❋✁●✁❍✲■✖❏✰❑▲■✘▼✁◆✘❖✦◆✘P◗❏❘❏✘❑▲■✌❏✫❍✕❙✕❚

✰❍

❯✠❱❳❲✕❨❬❩◗❭✌❪✥❫✰❴ ❭✌❨✓❵✖❱✰❯✥❴ ❛❬❴ ❜✌❪✁❯✥❴ ❱❬❵❝❨✫❵✖❞✎❴ ❵✖❨

❡
❢
❣
❤
✐▲❥✎❦♠❧♦♥✻♣❬qsr❬♣✘❥▲❦t♣✁✉✎✈✫♥✻❦①✇②♣✥③④♣✁⑤✁✇①⑥

⑦✥⑧✘⑨✻⑨❶⑩✘❷✲❸✕❹✥❺ ❻◗❼ ❽❿❾✌➀➂➁✁➃◗➃✲➄✎➅✘➆◗➇✰➈✁➉✥➇✘❾✖➃ ➊✥➋✰➌✎➍➏➎ ➐✥➑✰➒✕➎ ➓✰➔ →◗➣✘↔ ➎ ↕◗➒ → ➑✘➒✕➎ ➓✰➔ ↕✌➋✘➌❬↕◗➐ → ➎ ➊✕➒✕➎ ➓✁➔

➙
➛➜➛

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publication

staging subscription staging

pervasive notification engine

http WAP

WAP SMS TCP / IIOP / RMI UDP

push pull

SQL-Expression Language Xpath-Expressions JMS Filter Language COSS Notification Service

✂ ✄✆☎✝☎✟✞ ✠☛✡☞✄✍✌ ✎✑✏✓✒✔✠✖✕✑✄✘✗ ✞✚✙ ✛✢✜✢✣✥✤ ✦✧✣✥✤

Plain ASCII subscriptions ICQ / AIM / ...

★✆✩✑✪☛✫✟✬✟✭✯✮✍✰ ✪☛✬✝✫✲✱ ✳✵✴✷✶✹✸ ✺✼✻✖✽✿✾✼❀ ❁✆❂☛❃✍❄✿❅✖❆✯❇✍❈

publications / events

matching engine

❉
❊
❋
■❍✢❏✍●▲❑◆▼P❖❘◗✵❙

❚❱❯❳❲❩❨❬❚✷❭▲❪❴❫✥❵ ❛■❜✢❝✍❛▲❞◆❡P❢❘❣✵❤ ✐❦❥♠❧ ♥♣♦rqPs

...

What is this kernel ? How are higher layers build on top of kernel ? How can we prove scalability ?

{

t
✉✇✈
①③②
④❳⑤
⑥❩⑦✑⑧

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Web-publisher Web-subscriber Web-publisher-gw publisher-wlg subscriber-wlg Web-subscriber-gw subscriber-deletion notification Web server Workload

generator

Matching Process Publication buffer Subscription buffer

Lock(wlg) Lock(wlg) Lock(pub) Lock(pub) Lock(sub) Lock(sub)

user http

Notification Matched Subscriptions

Lock(subId) Lock(subId)

Process Shared data buffer Thread

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✌✎✍✑✏✓✒✕✔✑✖✘✗ ✙✛✚✢✜✤✣ ✥✧✦✩★✫✪✭✬✯✮✱✰✳✲ ✴✶✵✓✴✸✷✺✹✢✻✧✷✧✼✽✷✓✾✶✹✩✿❁❀✑✿❃❂✎✻✩✹✧✿❃✾✩✷ ❄ ✴❆❅❇✵✸✿❁❂✺✴ ❄ ❈ ✵✎✻✑❅✓✿✕✾✑❉ ❄ ✿✛❊✢❋✤● ❍✧■✩❏✫❑✱▲◆▼ ❖✧P✩◗✸❘✑❙ ❏ ❙❃❘✓❚✧❯✩❙ ■✸❱ ❲ ❳✸❨❆❩❭❬✶❪ ❫ ❴✸❵❆❛❝❜✸❞✤❡✓❢✩❣✺❤ ✐✑❥❧❦♥♠ ♦ ♣rq✭s✤t✧✉✇✈✸①✧②③✈✑④✧⑤✘⑥✸⑦✘⑧ ⑨ ⑩r⑥✩①❆❶❁❷✧❸❺❹ ⑨ ❻✛❻❼❻ ⑨ ❽❿❾✶➀✎➁✤➂✺➃✓➀✎❾❆➄ ➅ ➆➈➇❆➉♥➊✤➋✺➌✓➍✎➇❆➎ ➏ ➐✑➑✶➒✸➓✩➔➈→❆➣ ↔ ↕➙➑✑➛✓➜❃➝✯➣✸➑ ↔ ➞✓➟✤➜❃➠✧➡➤➢✤➑✧➥✓➡ ↔ ➦✛➦❼➦

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✛

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✴✶✵✸✷✺✹✻✹✽✼

✾❀✿✶❁❃❂✻❄

❅❇❆❉❈❀❊✺❆✸❋❇●

❍❇■❃❏✸❑ ▲

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A fundamental principle:

Brokers network architecture is transparent to end nodes. c Publishers Subscribers Brokers network

subscribe (title = Hamlet ) & (price < $20) publish e ={(category, book), (title, Hamlet ), (price, $15)} notify e

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✒
✓

✔✖✕✘✗✚✙✛✗✜✕✣✢✘✤✦✥★✧✩✥✛✗✚✢✫✪✭✬✘✮✯✧✣✢✰✢✲✱✳✤✵✴✷✶✳✢✰✗✹✸✣✙✺✧✼✻✽✶✣✗✷✾❀✿✳✧✷✤✵✱❁✥

– {(category, book), (title, Hamlet ) , (price, $20), (author, Sheakespeare)}

❂ ❃❅❄✣❆✭❇❈❄✲❉✚❊✳❋❍●✣■✭❋✽❏✚❑▲❋ ❄★▼✘❉✳❏✭❑✰◆❖❆✣❑✣❉✳■✣❋❍❏✭❑✩❏✭P✘●❈❊❁◗✜❘❙❋✽❉✲▼✣■✺◗✭❄

– (category = book) & (title = Hamlet )

❃❚❑✩◗✚❯✲◗✜❑✳■★◗✘❄✺▼✣■✭❋✦❄✲P❈❋❱◗✭❄✫▼❲❄✣❆✚❇✜❄✳❉✜❊✛❋✵●✳■✭❋✦❏✜❑❳❄❨❋✽P✩◗✚❯✲◗✷❊❬❩❭●✜❊❖◗✜❘❪❋❍❉✲▼✣■✺◗❫❋❍❑❳❄

❴✦❵❲❛❝❜✣❞✺❡✣❢✷❣✜❤❥✐✭❦❧❵✲♠✚❛✫❣♦♥✳❜✷❴q♣❳❴✽r✘❣✷s t ✉✚✈✚✇✛①✼②✣③✚④✲③✜⑤✳⑥❳⑦⑧①✣⑥✺✇✣⑨❶⑩❍⑤✳❷❹❸❈❺❻✈❽❼❪②✦③❈⑦ ❾❚❿➁➀✽➂✛➃✜➄❲➅✭➄✩➃✚➂✲➃✜➄✣➆✫➃✩➅✚➄✣➇▲➅✩➈✳➃✚➆➊➉✭➋❳➈✣➌✜➍✜➈✳➎✭➏✳➀❍➐✣➆✣➀✽➉✚➄✳➈♦➑ ➒✷➓✽➔✣→▲➣✼↔q↔✳↕✲➙✜➛❈↕✲➜✚➝✲➓❱➞✣➟✭➓✽➠✭➔✳↕★➟✲➡❈➣✣➟➊➣❈➝❖➢✩↕✛➣✣➟✭➓✦↕✛➒❽➓✽➢✜→➤➛✭➥❹➢❹➦

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(category, book), (title, Hamlet ) , (price, $20), (author, Shakespeare) – (category, antiques), (price, $80), (period, XIX)

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(category, {book,antiques}), (title, Hamlet), (author, Shakespeare), (price, $100) (period, XIX)

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✞

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✏✒✑✔✓✖✕ ✗✙✘✛✚✢✜✣✑✔✗✥✤✧✦✔✚✥★ ✜✩✓✫✪✙✑✬★ ✭✮✗✯✑✔✰✥★ ✜✔✪✙✪✱✓✯✲✔✦✳✓✵✴✷✶✹✸✻✺

(title = Hamlet ) & (price < $20)

✼ ✽✒✾✔✿✖❀ ❁✙❂✛❃✢❄✣✾✔❁✵❅✹✽✯✿✖❀ ❆✔❇✯❄✮❈❉❅❊❃✥❋ ❄✹✿●❄✩❍■❀ ✿✖❀ ✾✩✽✒❏

(category = book) & (category = antiques) & (title = Hamlet )

❑
▲
❑
▼
◆

❖✧P❘◗❚❙❱❯❳❲❚❨❬❩■❭❬❨■❪❳❫❳❨❱❴✻❵✬❛❝❜■❞■❛❡❩❳❙❱❨❢❜❱◗■❞❣❞❤❲✐❵✩❙✬❨

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♦
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r
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t

✉✥✈❚✇❚①③②✐✈✐④⑥⑤❱⑦❘④✩✈❳⑧❤✇■⑨✬①⑩⑤❱✈❳✉❷❶✐✇③❸❳⑨❺❹❻✈✻⑤■⑦❘④✹✈❽❼❤✇❚⑧③✇■①❚❾❡⑦❳❿❱⑨ ➀ ➁➃➂✬➄❳➅■➆✩➇➉➈❳➊✩➄➌➋❳➍❱➍■➎✻➊③➊✬➏➐➅✬➑➌➋❳➅❢➆✬➒✐➄➓➇③➈✻➔⑩➄❺➇■➎❳→❱➣✹➄❳➍✬➆↕↔❡➄❚➈❚➙➛➏➐➅❱➑➌➆❣➋ ➜✱➝✙➜❳➞✢➟❢➠✩➡❻➜●➢ ➤ ➥❳➦❱➧❳➨➫➩✔➭❳➦✻➯➲➥❳➦❱➳✩➵➃➸✐➨➐➦❚➺❘➨➼➻➃➥❳➦❱➳➉➻➃➥✻➳❤➥❳➺✬➳❚➨❡➭❳➦ ➤ ➽■➾✻➚❤➪✣➶❘➹③➘❢➴➲➷❚➽❱➷✬➬❘➾❘➴➲➾❳➽■➚ ➮ ➱✥✃❚❐❘❒✬❮✻❰❱Ï➼Ð■Ñ❚Ï➐Ò✻Ó❢Ô❚Ó■Õ×Ö✻Ø✬Ö❳Ó✬Ñ⑩❒❳Ù❱Ö❳ÚÛÔ❳❰✩Ö❺Ò✻Ü✬Ñ❤Ö❳Ó➓Ñ❚Ï❝Ý➲Ö❉Þ ßà❮✬Ò✐❰❤❰✹Ö❉Þ Ô■Ñ❤Ö❳Õ á âäãÛå❘æ✩ç❚è❳é➼ê✷ç❳ë❱ì⑩ç❉í❡ç❳î❱ì■é➐ï✻ë❱è

SLIDE 46

46

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(c) 2002 Hans-Arno Jacobsen (jacobsen@eecg.toronto.edu) MIE491f
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47

(c) 2002 Hans-Arno Jacobsen (jacobsen@eecg.toronto.edu) MIE491f
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✳ ✴ ✵✶✵✷✵ ✸✺✹ ✻✽✼ ✾❀✿

❁

SLIDE 48

48

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... ...

☞

✌

✍✏✎✒✑✒✍✔✓✟✎✖✕✘✗✡✙✛✚✏✜ ✢✒✣✤✣✝✥✧✦✩★✫✪✧✣✤✬✮✭✧✢✰✯✱✬ ✲✴✳✶✵✸✷✺✹✤✻✽✼✝✾✟✿❁❀❂✲✖✹❄❃✖❅✸✹✧✷✖❆ ❇✟❈✒❉ ❈❋❊

❍
■

❏✰❑▼▲ ◆ ❖✤P ◗ ❘✰❙❚❙ ❯ ❱✝❲ ❳ ❱❋❨ ❩ ❱ ❳ ❩ ❬❋❭ ❪ ❫✒❴ ❵ ❫✰❛✸❴

❜
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❧

♠
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♦q♣
♦✺♦
r
♦✺♦s♦
}=

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49

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☎✝✆✟✞✡✠☞☛✍✌✏✎✒✑✔✓✖✕✗✆✟✘✙✌✛✚✜✠✢☛✤✣✦✥✧✓✧★✢✩✪✚✫☛✭✬✮★☞✘✙✌✗✑✯✑☞☎✰✌✏✱✲✕✳✚✴✠✝✌✗✑✵✚✫☛✤✣ ✶ ✷ ✸✭✹✻✺✰✼✰✺☞✽✾✷ ✸✿✹✤✺✝✽❁❀❃❂✏❄ ❅ ❆ ❇✍❈☞❄❉❄ ✺✡❇✤✹✿✷✔❈✿✸✍❅✾❊ ❋✰●✝❍✍■❑❏ ▲ ▼ ◆P❖✲◗✰❘❚❙✿❯✪❘❁◆✿❱✭❖ ❲ ❳✗❨✗❩❭❬❫❪✗❴✔❵✧❛ ❜ ❝✝❞✍❡✫❢✲❣✐❤✟❥❧❦♥♠✧♦♣❦✏❦✦❦rq♣♠✰s❑t✭✉❭❣✏✈ ✇❚①❃②✡❞✍❡ ❣✰③⑤④⑥t✿⑦✾❝✝❞✍❡✴❢✤❣✭✇ ⑧ ⑨✍⑩☞❶ ⑩✰❷✿❸✭⑨✝❹ ❺❼❻✦❸✲❽✲❺❁❾✭❺❃❿✟❸✰⑨✤⑩✰➀✲➁✿❺✤❷❼❻✏❸✲❽✡❹✔➂✭❿✟❸✿➃➄❿✟❹ ➅✡➆✡❺ ➇ ➈✏➉✜➉✍➊❁➈✍➋✰➌✪➍❭➎✰➏✡➐ ➑✭➎✝➍✖➐✔➑➒➈P➋❭➐ ➓✲➎✰➑→➔➄➣↔➔ ↕ ➙✝➛✻➜✝➝✛➞✫➟✻➠✰➡❃➜➢➝❭➤✭➥➦➠✧➞✔➧❫➞ ➨✾➤✍➩✍➡❃➜✭➧➫➟✍➤✍➧✿➡❃➜✭➭✟➡❚➝✧➜✡➙✰➜✰➧✿➝✡➠✰➧✭➡✿➯✡➲☞➳✍➡P➵✴➞✫➥✾➞ ➡❃➜✝➝✖➞ ➧ ➨✝➞✫➸✭➜ ➺ ➻✝➼✍➽✫➾✍➚✭➪✪➶✿➹✙➾❃➘✝➼❁➪ ➴❃➪ ➷✿➬✰➮✿➱✔✃✍❐✿❒✾❮✿❰➒Ï✡➮✻❮✰✃✍❐✡➮✍➱ ❐✰❒

Ð
Ñ
Ò
Ð
Ó
Ô
Õ

Ö Õ✛Õ✏Õ ×ÙØ

Ú
Ú
Ú
Û✿Ü

Û❭Ý Û☞Þ

ßáà
â
ã

ä

ã
ßÙå
â
ã
å
æ

ç è é✫é✫é ê é✫é✫é é✫é✫é é✫é✫é é✫é✫é é✫é✫é ë✰ì ë✰í ë æ è ë æ ì ë æ❁æ ë ê

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✆ ☎✝☎✞☎ ✟✡✠

☛
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☞ ✆ ☞✏✎ ✆ ✑ ✎ ✒✓✒✓✒ ✔ ✒✓✒✓✒ ✒✓✒✓✒ ✒✓✒✓✒ ✒✓✒✓✒ ✒✓✒✓✒ ☞✖✕ ☞✖✗ ☞ ✆ ✎ ☞ ✆ ✕ ☞ ✆✘✆ ☞ ✔

(c) 2002 Hans-Arno Jacobsen (jacobsen@eecg.toronto.edu) MIE491f
✙
✚✜✛✏✢✣✢✥✤✝✦★✧★✩

✪✣✫✬✤✝✦✭✚✝✮✰✯✱✪✞✢✏✤✝✦✳✲✏✴✍✪✞✦✳✵

✶
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✿✏❀❂❁❄❃✥❅✞❆❈❇✥❉❊❇❋❀✥❁❋●✥❍❄❁✞■❑❏▼▲✭◆ ❖❊P❘◗✘❙❯❚❱●❲❅✞❳❨◆❩❃❬◆ ❀✥❀✭❭❄❪✘❫✥▲✰❇✖❀✥❁❋● ❴ ❵❈❛✣❜❄❵❄❝✓❛✣❞❋❛✰❡❣❢❤❢✏✐❥❡✥❜❧❦✏♠❨❝✓♥❄♦✰❡✣♥✏♣✺♥✏q✣♥✥rs✐t❡✥❜✍❦✥♠✉❝✓♥❄♦✇✈✞❵❈❛①♣❱❝②❦✖❡❄❜✖❛✥③✱❝②♥ ④✜⑤ ✈✣✈✥❛✝❵★r★❢ q✣⑥✬❛✝❵ ④✝⑦✰⑧ q✞✈✏❛✝❵✳❡✏❜✍q✞❵✳③ ⑨ ⑩❋❶✥⑩✏❷✝❸❂❹❄❸①❺❄❹✞❻❩❼✣❻❩❽❋❸❿❾❣❸✥❹✞❻ ➀✞❺➂➁➂➃t❶✏❼❧⑩✏❷❨❻❑❺❋➀❊➄①➅❈❸①❾➆❻✓⑩✖❶✥❼✍❸✥❹❂⑩❧❶✣❺✇➇➂❸ ➅❈❸✣❼❄➅❄❻✓❸✣❽❋❸①❾✡➇✥➈✇❼❋➅➉❶✥❽❋❸✝➅❯❹✞❻②❺❋➀❿❼✖❷✝❸❿❼❲❶✞➇❨➊❩❸✰❼❧➋ ➌➎➍✉➏①➐ ➑✥➒✥➓ ➔✥→ ➣↕↔➛➙

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➧✖➨✞➩❂➫ ➨✞➩➉➭✞➯❿➲✭➳①➵t➨✝➸✓➺❄➻▼➨✣➺✏➲✺➧✏➯①➼➾➽✞➩❈➯①➲❱➸✓➚❋➨✏➪❧➯✥➻❂➽✥➯✝➩❥➲✭➳①➵t➨✭➸✓➺✝➶❄➻✏➽❄➨✥➚❄➯✰➨✥➺✥➲ ➹✏➘➷➴★➬✇➮✥➬①➱❄✃✝❐ ➹❈❒

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51

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53

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(c) 2002 Hans-Arno Jacobsen (jacobsen@eecg.toronto.edu) MIE491f
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✍✏✎✒✑✔✓✖✕✘✗✚✙✜✛✢✑✤✣✥✙✜✛✦✗✜✧★✕✪✩✬✫ ✭✯✮✖✰✔✱✳✲✚✴✬✵✷✶✜✴✹✸✜✺★✻✼✸✏✴✬✵✾✽✿✶✏✴❀✶❂❁❃✵✏❄✾✽✪❅✜❆✒❇❈✽✘✵✦✻✼✵✔❉❊✽❋✰✿✸❊✰●❉ ❍✪■✷❏✢❑❊▲◆▼✦❖✯P✘◗❙❘✜❚✾❍✪❯❱P❈❍ ❘✷❏❲❘✹◗❳❍❨■✬❏✦❑❊▲❲❯✏▲❲❑✜❏❲❖❂❏✚❍✿❩✏■❀❩✜❬✹❯✾▲✒❑✏❭❪❍✘❫✢❖✚❏✼❑❴❖✬❘❵❖❛▲◆❖✜■✷❜✏❑ ❝✜❞❂❡❊❢❤❣❥✐❦❡❊❧ ♠❊❧♦♥✔♣rqts✾❢✷✉✪✈✬❡✇q❳①③②④②❪⑤

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(c) 2002 Hans-Arno Jacobsen (jacobsen@eecg.toronto.edu) MIE491f
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– S1: (2< A<4) & (B=6) & (C >4) ⇒ pA : (2< A<4), pB (B=6), pC:(C>4)

– S1: (2< A<4) & (C=3)⇒ pA : (2< A<4) pC: (C=3)

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(c) 2002 Hans-Arno Jacobsen (jacobsen@eecg.toronto.edu) MIE491f
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p1

p2 p3 p4 S1S2 S1 S2 S1

TOTAL NUMBER COUNT

S1 S1 S2 S2 3 2

Indexes

A B C S1: p1,p2,p4 S3 0

Predicate vector

S2: p1,p3 S3: p3,p5 S3 S3 2

p1 p2 p3 p4 p3 p5

p3 p5 S3

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p2 p5 p3 p4 S1S2 S1 S2 S1

TOTAL NUMBER COUNT

S1 S1 S2 S2 3 2

Indexes

A B C S3 0

Predicate vector

E: (A,5),(B,6) S3 S3 2

p1 p2 p3 p4 p5 p3 p2

p3 p2 S3

p1

p1 S1 S1 S2 S2 S3 1 1 1 2 2 2

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✂☎✄✝✆✟✞✡✠☞☛✡✆✍✌✏✎

✑ ✎✒✠☞✓✏✔ ✕✗✖✙✘✏✚✛✕✢✜✤✣☞✥ ✦ ✧ ★ ✩ ✪ ✫ ✬ ✭ ✮✯✰ ✱✳✲✵✴ ✶ ✷ ✶ ✸✹✸ ✺✼✻ ✺✍✽ ✺✤✾ ✿✍❀ ❁✡❂ ❁✤❃✢❂ ❄ ❅ ❆ ❇ ❈ ❉ ❊ ❋

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❑☎▲✝▼✟◆✡❖☞P✡▼✍◗✏❘

❙ ❘✒❖☞❚✏❯ ❱ ❙ ❖✏❘✛❱✢❯✤❲☞❳ ❨✼❩✼❬❭❨✍❪✍❫✛❴ ❵✼❛✍❴❝❜✍❞❢❡✙❣❤❨ ✐ ❥ ❦ ❦ ❥ ❧♠❧♠❧ ♥♣♦✤qsr✏t ✉✇✈②①☞③ ④✳⑤❭⑤✡⑥s⑦✇⑧ ④✤⑨s⑧❝⑥☞⑩ ❶✍❷❹❸✤❺✙❻s❻✳❷❽❼✒❶❿❾➁➀❤➂❝➀s❶✤➃➄❷✙➅

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✌✎✍ ✏✒✑✔✓ ✏✖✕✘✗✚✙✛✙✢✜✤✣✢✥✘✦✧✙✛★✩✦✧✪✬✫✭✙✢✮✯✙✰✦✰✓ ✱ ✑✳✲ ✦✴✕✘✫✵✙ ✶✬✷✹✸ ✺✔✻✰✼✴✽✵✾✭✿❁❀✔❂❄❃✛✿✚✾✛❅❇❆❉❈❋❊✰●❍✾✰■❏❃✰✾✭✿❑❅❇❆▲✼✯✾✛✺✧■✛❆❉❀✰✺

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◗❙❘✵❚✎❯ ❱✒❲✖❳❩❨❭❬ ∗ ❪ ❫

∗

❴ ❵ ❛ ∗ ❜ ❝❡❞ ❢✔❣❋❤ ✐✰❥❧❦♥♠❩♦ ♣ qsr t✴✉✘✈✵✇②①✰③✰④⑥⑤✵✇✭⑦❑⑧✬⑨⑥t✬③✛⑤✔t✧⑩✔⑦✧r▲❶✧✉✰r❉⑧✔①✘t ❷ t ❸ ❹ ❺⑥❻❋❼✵❽ ❾✧❿✹➀ ➁✔➂✰➃✴➄✭❽✭➅❙➆✔➇❄➈✛➅✚❽✛➉❇❹❉➊❋❾✰❻❍❽✰❺❄➈✰❽✭➅➋❺✬➂✛➄✔❺✧➊✛➅✘❹➌➈✬❻✬❹✎➆✛➁✧❺ ➍ ➎❡➏ ➐✬➑✹➒ ➓✬➔➣→↕↔✒➙ ➛✎➜➞➝ ➝✬➟✹➠ ➡✢➢➥➤✵➦✢➧✛➦➩➨➭➫➯➨❉➲➥➳②➤✰➵⑥➧➸➡✢➢✚➺✛➻➼➨➌➽✹➧✬➲❋➺❄➲❍➤✩➦✭➺ ➾ ➧✰➲✬➨ ➾ ➵✭➨❉➺✛➻

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