SLIDE 15 1/29/2009 15
85
Comparison between Proposed Design Guideline and Available Data
( ) [ ]
( )
[ ]
( )
[ ]
+
2 2 e 3 e g 2 TP
D D 1 D D 1 f m D . 4
( ) ( ) ( )
% 70
, 30 70
40
, 40
70
4 for , 1
− − = < = ≤ ≤ =
g g g g g g g g
f f f
Void fraction function: Two-phase component of damping:
86
Evaluation of Two-Phase Flow Damping
VOID FRACTION (%) DAMPING RATIO (%)
2 v f
3 2 1 20 40 60 80 100
- v : viscous damping
- s : structural damping
- f : flow-dependent damping
- 2 :two-phase component of damping
2 t s v f ϕ
ζ ζ ζ ζ ζ = + + +
2 t s ϕ
ζ ζ ζ = −
87
Experimental Set-up
Vertical tube specimen Clamp Support
88
Effect of Void Fraction and Flow Velocity
0.0% 0.5% 1 .0% 1 .5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0% 3.5% 4.0% 0% 1 0% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 1 00%
Void fraction Two-phase damping ratio
0.0% 0.5% 1 .0% 1 .5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0% 3.5% 4.0% 0% 1 0% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 1 00%
Void fraction Two-phase damping ratio
0.0% 0.5% 1 .0% 1 .5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0% 3.5% 4.0% 0% 1 0% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 1 00%
Void fraction Two-phase damping ratio
0.0% 0.5% 1 .0% 1 .5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0% 3.5% 4.0% 0% 1 0% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 1 00%
Void fraction Two-phase damping ratio
V = 1.5 m/s V = 2 m/s V = 4 m/s V = 5 m/s
Low flow velocity: maximum damping (3%) at 20% void fraction High flow velocity: maximum damping (3%) at 50% void fraction
89
Effect of Flow Regime
0.01 0.1 1 10 0.0 0.1 1.0 10.0 100.0 1.5 m/s 2 m/s 4 m/s 5 m/s
g = 10%
2 max. at high velocities 2 maximum at low velocities
g = 90 % V
90
Experiment with Air Bubbles Rising to the Surface of Stagnant Alcohol
0.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% 3.0% 3.5% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%
Void fraction, ε Two-phase damping ratio, ζ2ϕ
0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4
Interfacial Surface Area (m²)
Test points Interface surface area
interface surface area, both in bubbly and slug flows.
fraction in bubbly flow.
6% 29% 15 % 19 %
Lslug Lb
Slug Bubbles Tube
S = Sbubbles+ Sslugs