- - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Probing the High Energy Frontier at the LHC - Heavy-Ion Physics Klaus Reygers

!"#$%&'()*+(,%'*(-&+"'.(/"#&0+"(1)()*+(2,3

!1")(4445(,+16.74#&(!*.8%98(:%)*(;243-

!<(<"=(>?1@8(A+.'+"8 !*.8%B1?%89*+8(4&80)@)( C&%6+"8%)D)(,+%E+?$+"'

F

Probing the High Energy Frontier at the LHC - Heavy-Ion Physics Klaus Reygers

3#&)+&)8

! "#$%&'()*&#+,-.+/0120%34 5 670%8&'1#98:)3+&;+$70+<=>+,-.+/0120%34 ? 670+@A:)0+BCD0%:80#$+,-.+/0120%34 E F9%'+G)9H0%:#2+9#'+I0$+<(0#)7:#2+,-.+/0120%34 J F9'%&#+@K(#'9#)03+9#'+$70+G$9*3*)9A+L&'0A+,-.+G)7M0'94 N O&AA0)*P0+QA&M+,-.+G)7M0'94

G

Probing the High Energy Frontier at the LHC - Heavy-Ion Physics Klaus Reygers

H##B8(I4J

,+16.74#&8 4&)"#E@90#&()#(,%'*7-&+"'.(,+16.74#&(3#??%8%#&8 3*+@B7K%&(L#&' L#"?E(M9%+&0N9 >=(K1'%O(P=(,1)8@E1O(1&E(K=(Q%1B+O(R@1"B7S?@#&(!?18T1( I31T$"%E'+((Q#&#'"1U*8O(+E=(P=(-"%98#&O(!=V=(21&E8*#WJ 4MHX(Y7ZGF7Z[FY\7[ A=(V#') C?)"1"+?106%809(,+16.74#&(3#??%8%#&8(I-?8+6%+"J 4MHX(]^\7Y7___7ZGF][7Z R@1"B(S?@#&(!?18T1(` IL#"?E(M9%+&0N9(!@$?%8*%&'O(+E=(A=3=(,:1(1&E(a=7X=(L1&'J 4MHX(]\F7G`\7Y^^7] P*+(21"'+(,1E"#&(3#??%E+"O(X1)@"+(__\(IGYY^J(G[]

`

Probing the High Energy Frontier at the LHC - Heavy-Ion Physics Klaus Reygers

F=(4&)"#E@90#&

_

Probing the High Energy Frontier at the LHC - Heavy-Ion Physics Klaus Reygers

R O&#S#080#$T "3&A9$0'+U(9%V3+9#'+2A(&#3+ )9##&$+K0+&K30%P0'W+&#A1+ )&A&%X#0($%9A+79'%&#3 R @318D$&*)+;%00'&8T O&(DA:#2+Y3+K0$M00#+)&A&%+)79%203+20$3+M09V0%+;&%+7:27+8&80#$(8+ $%9#3;0%3W+:.0.W++;&%+389AA+':3$9#)03+ ,>0%$(%K9*P0+80$7&'3+9DDA:)9KA0+;&%+!+Z+![!\+;84 ++ R ]:8:$+&;+A&M+D9%*)A0+'0#3:*03+9#'+M09V+)&(DA:#2+0CD0%:80#$9AA1+ M0AA+$03$0'+,!+<O^+D0%$(%K9*&#+$70&%14++

M)"#&'(4&)+"190#&

R _()A0(3X_()A0(3+)&AA:3:&#3T+<O^+9$+7:27+$08D0%9$(%03+9#'+'0#3:$1+ ,`<O^+$70%8&'1#98:)3a4 X#$+?(U"%b+(%&(U*.8%98(IGYY_J

<16%E(c=(S"#88+ ,=(<16%E(!#?%)b+"++ /"1&B(L%?9b+B+ Z

Probing the High Energy Frontier at the LHC - Heavy-Ion Physics Klaus Reygers

C?)"1"+?106809(,+16.74#&(!*.8%98

b79$+79DD0#3+$&+89H0%+:;+1&(+89V0+:$ R 7&H0%+9#'+7&H0%c R '0#30%+9#'+'0#30%c

[

d93:)W+)7:A'A:V0+U(03*&#3+9''%0330'+:#+ (A$%9%0A9*P:3*)+709P1X:&#+D713:)3T b:$7+:#)%093:#2+$08D0%9$(%0+"T 3&A:'+! A:U(:'+! 293+! DA9389+! <=>

<(9%VX=A(&#X>A9389

7

Probing the High Energy Frontier at the LHC - Heavy-Ion Physics Klaus Reygers

3#&N&+T+&)

<#T%&1&)(1)( 8T1??(E%8)1&9+8( IF7'?@#&(+d9*1&'+J <#T%&1&)(1)(?1"'+( E%8)1&9+8( I"+?1)+E()#(9#&N&+T+&)J

\

670+A&#2+ ':3$9#)0+$0%8+ #"!+:3+0CD0)$0'+ $&+':39DD09%+:#+ $70+<=>

Quark potential: V(r) = ! 4 3 " s(r)!c r + k·r

Probing the High Energy Frontier at the LHC - Heavy-Ion Physics Klaus Reygers

X@9?+@87X@9?+@8(3#??%8%#&85( eQ%&%(H%'(H1&'(%&()*+(21$#"1)#".f

R 6%9#3:*&#+;%&8+$70++ <(9%VX=A(&#+>A9389+$&+ 9+293+&;+79'%&#3+9$ e+!\!5+°O R !\\+\\\+7&H0%+$79#+$70+ )&%0+&;+$70+3(# R B9%A1+(#:P0%30T <=>+! 79'%&#+293+ 9+;0M+8:)%&30)&#'3+ 9f0%+$70+d:2+d9#2

Time after Big Bang (seconds) Temperature (Kelvin) ]

Probing the High Energy Frontier at the LHC - Heavy-Ion Physics Klaus Reygers

!"+E%90#&8(g"#T(/%"8)(!"%&9%U?+85(21h9+(R3<

Q.+-9%3)7W+B.+]90%89##W+70DXA9$[\?\J\5J 2 quark flavors:

Tc = (160 i 200) MeV #c $ 0.7 – 1.0 GeV/fm3

• nly 20% deviation:

qgp is an ideal gas not

!SB = g ! "2 30 !T 4 with g = 37

FY

Probing the High Energy Frontier at the LHC - Heavy-Ion Physics Klaus Reygers

• dU+9)+E(R3<(!*18+(<%1'"1T

Q+18@"+(#g()*+(&+)($1".#&(E+&8%).(j+

• 1"?.(@&%6+"8+(I)(g(FY7[(8J

A,43O(2,3

(?)

FF

/;4A(U"#k+9) 1)(SM4(IGYF_(7(===J

hA$%9X/0A9*P:3*3)70+G)7M0%:&#0#V&AA:3:&#

12

Probing the High Energy Frontier at the LHC - Heavy-Ion Physics Klaus Reygers

3#??%8%#&(S+#T+)".

x z

Non-central Collision

Au + Au %sNN = 200 GeV Uncorrected

_(8K0%+&;+D9%*):D9#$3T+#(8K0%+&;+#()A0&#3+:#+$70+&P0%A9D+%02:&# _(8K0%+&;+K:#9%1+)&AA:3:&#3T+#(8K0%+&;+:#0A93*)+#()A0&#X#()A0&#+)&AA:3:&#3 G89AA+:8D9)$+D9%980$0%+$+)&%%03D&#'3+$&+A9%20+D9%*)A0+8(A*DA:):$1 /09)*&#+DA9#0T+++%&'+DA9#0

F`

X@T$+"(#g(U"#E@9+E(9*1"'+E(U1"09?+8(X9*

@(i@(+O&AA:3:&#+9$+$70+/0A9*P:3*)+F09P1 "&#+O&AA:'0%+,/F"O4+:#+$70+hG@

14

2&A'+#()A0(3 ($&$+j+!\\+=0k[#()A0&# 2&A'+#()A0(3 ($&$+j+!\\+=0k[#()A0&# ]FOT ($&$+j+5lJ\+=0k[#()A0&#+ ;&%+09)7+K098

Probing the High Energy Frontier at the LHC - Heavy-Ion Physics Klaus Reygers

Peripheral Event STAR

Au + Au Collisions at RHIC

FZ

Probing the High Energy Frontier at the LHC - Heavy-Ion Physics Klaus Reygers

STAR Mid-Central Event

Au + Au Collisions at RHIC

F[

Probing the High Energy Frontier at the LHC - Heavy-Ion Physics Klaus Reygers

Au + Au Collisions at RHIC

STAR Central Event

F^

9K&($+J\\\+)79%20'+ D9%*)A03+D0%+ )0#$%9A+)&AA:3&#3

Probing the High Energy Frontier at the LHC - Heavy-Ion Physics Klaus Reygers

C?)"17A+?106%809(X@9?+@87X@9?+@8(3#??%8%#&8

R 6:80+3)9A03+,/F"OW+%)__+j+5\\+=0k4T+

! Thermalization: &0 < ' 1 fm/* ! QGP lifetime (center of a central Au+Au coll.): ' 5 fm/*

• 1"?.(*1"E

U1")#&7U1")#& 891l+"%&'8 I!G(mm (2

R3<J

P*+"T1?%b+E T+E%@T(IRS!noJ( I"Y(m("9(O ("9(p(F[YiF]Y(Q+VJ P"1&8%0#& RS! ! *1E"#&('18 /"++b+7#@)

#$%

F\

1 fm/c = 0.33!10"23 s

X#)+5(

Probing the High Energy Frontier at the LHC - Heavy-Ion Physics Klaus Reygers

H"%+g(,%8)#".(#g(,+16.74#&(!*.8%98

Start Accelerator Projectile Energy (%s) per NN pair ~1985 AGS (BNL) Si ~5 GeV ~1985 SPS (CERN) O, S ~20 GeV 1994 SPS (CERN) Pb 17 GeV 2000 RHIC (BNL) Au 200 GeV 2008 LHC (CERN) Pb 5500 GeV

F]

Probing the High Energy Frontier at the LHC - Heavy-Ion Physics Klaus Reygers

4TU#")1&)(A+8@?)8(#g()*+(A,43(,+16.74#&(!"#'"1T

R F9'%&#+3(DD%033:&#+9$+7:27++6

R L0':(8+:3+$&+A9%20+0C$0#$+&D9U(0+;&%+

m0$3+,nm0$+U(0#)7:#2a4

R BAA:D*)+QA&M+9$+A&M++6

R "'09A+71'%&+)A&30+$&+'9$9+

⇒+G89AA+P:3)&3:$1T+nD0%;0)$+A:U(:'a

R BP:'0#)0+;&%+09%A1+$70%89A:o9*&#+

,p+Z+!+!+;8[*4

R @AA+79'%&#+3D0):03+:#+)708:)9A+ 0U(:AA:K%:(8+ ,"+g+!N\+L0kW+qd+g+5\+L0k4 Elliptic flow:

Anisotropy in position space Anisotropy in momentum space reaction plane

)

GY

Probing the High Energy Frontier at the LHC - Heavy-Ion Physics Klaus Reygers

X@9?+@87X@9?+@8(3#??%8%#&85( /"++b+7#@)(!1"1T+)+"8

/F"O G>G

$ F[YiF]Y(Q+V /"++b+7#@)(U1"1T+)+"8("(1&E(qH(1UU"#d%T1)+?.(1)( +dU+9)+E(U*18+($#@&E1".

GF

Probing the High Energy Frontier at the LHC - Heavy-Ion Physics Klaus Reygers

!#%&)8()#(P1B+(,#T+

R hA$%9%0A9*P:3*P+F09P1X"&#+O&AA:3:&#3T G$('1+&;+<O^+:#+$70+%02:80+&;+0C$%080+$08D0%9$(%03+ 9#'+'0#3:*03 R =&9AT+O79%9)$0%:o9*&#+&;+$70+<(9%VX=A(&#+>A9389 R 6%9#3:*&#+<=>+! 79'%&#3+9K&($+!\XN+3+9f0%+$70+d:2+d9#2 R <O^+D7930+':92%98T+<=>+%09)70'+

! 9$+7:27+$08D0%9$(%0+,9K&($+!N\X5\\+L0k+re+5"!\!5+-s4 ! 9#'[&%+9''+7:27+K9%1&)708:)9A+D&$0#*9A+qd

R /F"O[]FOT+qd+p(\ R BCD0%:80#$3+9$+Q@"/T+ qd+m(\+309%)7+;&%+)%:*)9A+D&:#$

GG

Probing the High Energy Frontier at the LHC - Heavy-Ion Physics Klaus Reygers

G=(P*+"T#E.&1T%98(#g()*+(RS!

G`

Probing the High Energy Frontier at the LHC - Heavy-Ion Physics Klaus Reygers

H1'(Q#E+?

" F9'%&#+j+`K92a+SAA0'+M:$7+U(9%V3 " 6M&+V:#'3+&;+P9)((8

! _&%89A+<O^Xk9)((8+&($3:'0+&;+

$70+K92

! >0%$(%K9*P0+<O^Xk9)((8+

M:$7:#+$70+K92 B#0%21+'0#3:$1T B#0%21+'0#3:$1+:#+$70+K92+:3+7:270%+$79#+:#+$70+ P9)((8T+ !BAG " !vacuum =: B > 0 B#0%21+&;+,+U(9%V3+:#+9+K92+&;+%9':(3+-T+ E = 2.04N R + 4! 3 " R3 " B O&#':*&#+;&%+3$9K:A:$1T+'(['-.j+\+,8:#:8(84T+ B1/4 = 2.04N 4! " # $ % & '

1/4

( 1 R )

N =3, R=0,8 fm

B1/4 = 206 MeV (! = c = 1) ! = E /V

kinetic energy of N particles in a spherical box of radius R #&%89A+<O^XP9)((8 D0%$(%K9*P0++<O^XP9)((8 :#3:'0+$70+D%&$&#

5E

%&:1"E U"+88@"+

Probing the High Energy Frontier at the LHC - Heavy-Ion Physics Klaus Reygers

R@1"B7;&0r@1"B7!#)+&01?(%&()*+(RS!

V(r) = ! 4 3 "(r) r + kr V(r) = ! 4 3 "(r) r # exp ! r $d % & ' ( ) *

<O^XP9)((8T <=>T

" b:$7:#+9+<=>W+$70+A&#2X%9#20+ D9%$+&;+$70+D&$0#*9A+&;+9+ U(9%VX9#*U(9%VXD9:%+ P9#:3703 " O&#30U(0#$A1W+9$+7:27+ $08D0%9$(%03+$70+I[t+ )9##&$+0C:3$+9#18&%0 " @318D$&*)+;%00'&8 ,Y3,/54u\+;&%+/5u+v4T <=>+:3+9#+:'09A+293+&;+U(9%V3+ 9#'+2A(&#3+9$+P0%1+7:27+ $08D0%9$(%03

^0K10X3)%00#:#2XA0#2$7W+9DD%&C.+\W!+;8

GZ

Probing the High Energy Frontier at the LHC - Heavy-Ion Physics Klaus Reygers

!1"09?+8(%&(1(H#d5(X@T$+"(#g(M)1)+8

dN = V h3 4! p2dp

_(8K0%+&;+3$9$03+K0$M00#+8&80#$(8+++9#'++i'+ ,09)7+3$9$0+&))(D:03+9+P&A(80+0?+:#+D7930+3D9)04T

D713:)9A+P&A(80 P&A(80+&;+9+3D70%:)9A+370AA+M:$7+%9':(3+D 9#'+$7:)V#033+'D+:#+8&80#$(8+3D9)0 #(8K0%+&;+3$9$03

G[

Probing the High Energy Frontier at the LHC - Heavy-Ion Physics Klaus Reygers

/+"T%7<%"19(1&E(H#8+7-%&8)+%&(<%8)"%$@0#&

n(E) = g 1 + e( E! µ)/ kT _(8K0%+&;+D9%*)A03+M:$7+0#0%21+(

...+;&%+;0%8:&#3+,79A;X:#$020%+3D:#4T

,Q0%8:X^:%9)+':3$%:K(*&#4

...+;&%+K&3&#3+,:#$020%+3D:#4T

n(E) = g e( E! µ)/ kT ! 1

,d&30XB:#3$0:#+':3$%:K(*&#4

g : µ : T :

w+'02%003+&;+;%00'&8+,'020#0%9)14 O708:)9A+D&$0#*9A 608D0%9$(%0

G^

Probing the High Energy Frontier at the LHC - Heavy-Ion Physics Klaus Reygers

<+'+&+"19.

<=>T+ gBosons = 8Color ! 2Polarisation = 16 gFermions = gQuarks + gAntiquarks = 2 ! gQuarks = 2 ! 3Color ! 2Flavour ! 2Spin = 24 >:&#X=93T+ gBosons = 3Type gFermions = 0

G\

188@T+(#&?.(&(1&E('(r@1"B8(91&($+ U"#E@9+E(%&()*+(RS!O()*+("+8)()##( *+16.(

Probing the High Energy Frontier at the LHC - Heavy-Ion Physics Klaus Reygers

4&)+'"10#&(K%+?E8(P#)1?(R@1"B(<+&8%). %&()*+(4E+1?(Is(&#&(%&)+"190&'J(RS!(1)(P+TU+"1)@"+("(

dNq = gq ! V h3 ! 4" p2 1 1 + e

( E# µq )/ kT

$ % & ' ( ) dp =

!= k=c=1

gq p2V 2" 2 1 1 + e

( p# µq )/T

$ % & ' ( ) dp

L933A033+U(9%V3W+Q0%8:X^:%9)+':3$%:K(*&#T <(9%V+'0#3:$1T

nq(µq) = Nq V = gq 4! (2! )3 p2 1 + e

( p" µq )/T

# $ % & ' ( d p

)

*

@#*U(9%V3++,+++++++++++++++++4T

nq(µq) = Nq V = gq 4! (2! )3 p2 1 + e

( p+ µq )/T

" # $ % & ' d p

(

)

µq = !µq

7&A'3+;&%+8933A033+U(9%V3

G]

Probing the High Energy Frontier at the LHC - Heavy-Ion Physics Klaus Reygers

G&A(*&#+&;+$70+:#$02%9A+;&%+P9#:37:#2+0#0%21+'0#3:$1+9#'+D%033(%0+ ,qU+j+\4+1:0A'3T

!q = Eq V = 7 8 gq " 2 30 T 4, pq = 1 3 !q

,:'0#*)9A+%03(A$+;&% 9#*U(9%V3+,qU+j+\44

<(9%V+'0#3:$1 ,qU+j+\4T

nq = nq = Nq V = 3 2! 3

( )

gq 2" 2 " 2 30 T 3

!W5\5\J

BC98DA0T

T = 200 MeV, gq = 12 ! nq = nq = 1,71 / fm3

6&$9A+0#0%21+&;+$70+U(9%V3T

Eq = pdNq

!

"

R@1"B7S?@#&(!?18T1(:%)*(q(s(Y5(R@1"B8

`Y

Probing the High Energy Frontier at the LHC - Heavy-Ion Physics Klaus Reygers

R@1"B7S?@#&(!?18T1(:%)*(µ(s(Y5(S?@#&8

=A(&#3W+d&30XB:#3$0:#+':3$%:K(*&#T dNg = Vgg 2! 2 " p2 e p/T # 1 dp, ng = Ng V = 1 V dNg

$

%

, Eg = p

$

%

dNg G&A(*&#T !g = Eg V = gg " 2 30 T 4, pg = 1 3 !g, ng = gg " 2 #(3)T 3 B#0%21+'0#3:$1T >%033(%0T >9%*)A0+'0#3:$1T BC98DA0T T = 200 MeV, gg = 16 ! ng = 2,03 Gluons / fm3

`F

Probing the High Energy Frontier at the LHC - Heavy-Ion Physics Klaus Reygers

R@1"B7S?@#&(!?18T1(:%)*(µ(s(Y5 !"+88@"+(1&E(-&+"'.(<+&8%).

>%033(%0+9#'+0#0%21+'0#3:$1+:#+9+<(9%VX=A(&#X>A9389+9$+q(j+\+ M:$7&($+D9%*)A0+:#$0%9)*&#3T pQGP = gg + 7 8 (gq + gq) ! " # $ % & ' 2 90 T 4 = 37' 2 90 T 4 !QGP = 3 pQGP = 37" 2 30 T 4 T = 200 MeV ! "QGP

• id. Gas = 2,54GeV/fm3

BC98DA0T

`G

E = T S ! pV (µ = 0) " p = Ts ! #, s := S V

Probing the High Energy Frontier at the LHC - Heavy-Ion Physics Klaus Reygers

R@1"B7S?@#&(!?18T1(:%)*(q(s(Y5(3"%091?(P+TU+"1)@"+(I4J

!QGP

QCD-Vac. = !QGP + B

pQGP

QCD-Vac. = pQGP ! B

pHG = 3aT 4 !HG = 9aT 4 pQGP

QCD-Vac. = 37aT 4 " B

!QGP

QCD-Vac. = 111aT 4 + B

pHG = pQGP

QCD-Vac., THG = TQGP = Tc

! Tc = B 34a " # $ % & '

1/4

( 150MeV !QGP

QCD-Vac.(Tc) " !HG(Tc) = 102aTc 4 + B = 4B

@))&(#*#2+;&%+$70+<O^XP9)((8T G&+M0+79P0T =:KK3+)%:$0%:&#+;&%+$70+D7930+$%9#3:*&#T >7930+$%9#3:*&#+:#+$70+K92+8&'0A+:3+&;+S%3$+&%'0%.+]9$0#$+709$T

``

Probing the High Energy Frontier at the LHC - Heavy-Ion Physics Klaus Reygers

R@1"B7S?@#&(!?18T1(:%)*(µ(s(Y5(3"%091?(P+TU+"1)@"+(I44J

pQGP

QCD-Vac. = 37aT 4 ! B

pHG = 3aT 4

`_

Probing the High Energy Frontier at the LHC - Heavy-Ion Physics Klaus Reygers

R@1"B7S?@#&(!?18T1(T%)(µ(s(Y5(-&)"#U.

E = T S ! pV (µ = 0) " S V = s = # + p T = 4 p T sQGP = 148aT 3, sHG = 12aT 3 ! sQGP sHG " 12,3 sHG n! = 12! 2 / 90"T 3 g! "1,202 / ! 2 "T 3 = 3.6 sq nq = 1,4 sg ng = 1,2

B#$%&D1+'0#3:$1+;&%+)&#3$9#$+$08D0%9$(%0+9#'+D%033(%0T /9*&+&;+0#$%&D1+'0#3:$1+,<=>+[+D:&#+2934T B#$%&D1+D0%+D9%*)A0T >:&#+293T <=>T

`Z

Probing the High Energy Frontier at the LHC - Heavy-Ion Physics Klaus Reygers

R@1"B7S?@#&(!?18T1(:%)*(µ(s(Y5( RS!(:%)*(U1"09?+(%&)+"190#&8(I4J

Q.+-9%3)7W+B.+]90%89##W+70DXA9$[\?\J\5J

Upper limit: ideal gas

?+x9P&(%

"9(g(F^Y((Q+V y9(g(YO^(S+VtgT`

Gitter-QCD für µb = 0

`[

^:z0%0#$+)9A)(A9*&#+1:0A'+%03(A$3+ :#+$70+%9#20+")+j+!N\+X+!{\+L0k

Probing the High Energy Frontier at the LHC - Heavy-Ion Physics Klaus Reygers

R@1"B7S?@#&(!?18T1(:%)*(µ(*(Y

• &+"'.(1&E(!1"09?+(X@T$+"(<+&8%).(#g()*+(R@1"B8

!q + !q = gq 7" 2 120 T 4 + 1 4 µq

2T 2 +

1 8" 2 µq

4

# $ % & ' ( nq ! nq = gq 1 6 µqT 2 + 1 6" 2 µq

3

# $ % & ' ( , gq = 12 nB = nq ! nq 3 = 2 3 µqT 2 + 2 3" 2 µq

3 = 2

9 µBT 2 + 2 81" 2 µB

3

(µB = 3µq) Q&% µq ! 0 9+3&A(*&#+:#+)A&30'+;&%8+)9#+K0+;&(#'+;&%+ !q !q K($+#&$+;&% !q + !q 9#'++ 30D9%9$0A1T++ @))&%':#2A1+&#0+S#'3+;&%+$70+U(9%V+'0#3:$1 Q%&8+$7:3+$70+#0$+K9%1&#+'0#3:$1+)9#+K0+'0$0%8:#0'+93T++

`^

Probing the High Energy Frontier at the LHC - Heavy-Ion Physics Klaus Reygers

R@1"B7S?@#&(!?18T1(:%)*(µ(*(Y5 3"%091?(P+TU+"1)@"+(1&E(3"%091?(R@1"B(!#)+&01?

!QGP = 37 30" 2T 4 + 3µq

2T 2 +

3 2" 2 µq

4

pQGP = 1 3 !QGP =

!

B " Tc(µq) Tc(µq = 0) = 90B 37! 2 " # $ % & '

1/4

µq

c(T = 0) = 2! 2B

( )

1/4 = 0,43 GeV

nB

c (T = 0) =

2 3! 2 2! 2B

( )

3/4

= 0,72 fm-3 " 5 # nnucleus B#0%21+'0#3:$1+:#+9+<=>+M:$7+q+|+\+,M:$7&($+D9%*)A0+:#$0%9)*&#34T++ O&#':*&#+;&%+<=>+3$9K:A:$1T++

O&#':*&#+;&%+<=>T <=>XD%033(%0+}+D%033(%0+ &;+$70+<O^XP9)((8 ,3:8:A9%W+K($+#&$+:'0#*)9AW +$&+$70+D%0P:&(3+)&#':*&# +F=+j++<=>4

O%:*)9A+$08D0%9$(%0+[+U(9%V+D&$0#*9AT++

>&33:KA1+%09)70'+ :#+#0($%&#+3$9%3

`\

Probing the High Energy Frontier at the LHC - Heavy-Ion Physics Klaus Reygers

R@1"B7S?@#&(!?18T1(:%)*(µ(*(Y5 !*18+(<%1'"1T(#g()*+(X#&74&)+"190&'(RS!

Condition: Quark-Gluon-Plasma Hadron Gas

!c " 0,7 GeV/fm3

µB = 3! µQuark

`]

Probing the High Energy Frontier at the LHC - Heavy-Ion Physics Klaus Reygers

R@1"B7S?@#&(!?18T1(:%)*(µ(*(Y5 !*18+(<%1'"1T(g"#T(21h9+7R3<

R ]9~)0X)9A)(A9*&#3+;&% qK+|+\ R 6%9#3:*&#+$08D0%9$(%0+ ;&%+qK+j+\T+")+j+!NE+L0k R O%:*)9A+D&:#$T

! "+j+!N5+L0k ! qK+j+?E\+L0k

.+Q&'&%W+G.^.+-9$oW+ IFB>+E\E+,5\\E4+J\+r70DXA9$[\E\5\\Ns.

670+0C:3$0#)0+9#'+0C9)$+ D&3:*&#+&;+$70+)%:*)9A+ D&:#$+%089:#3+9#+&D0#+ U(03*&#

_&%89A0

• 0%#89$0%:0

_Y

Probing the High Energy Frontier at the LHC - Heavy-Ion Physics Klaus Reygers

!#%&)8()#(P1B+(,#T+

R b70#+$%09$0'+93+9+%0A9*P:3*)+:'09A+293W+D9%980$0%3+;&%+$70+ $%9#3:*&#+F9'%&#+=93+Ä+<=>+9%0T

! ")+,qKj\4+g+!J\+L0k ! qK,"j\4+j+?+q<(9%V1"j\4+g+!W?+=0k+,$7:3+:3+9DD%&C:89$0A1+SP0+*803+$70+

'0#3:$1+&;+`#&%89Aa+#()A09%+89H0%4

R ]9~)0+<O^+)9A)(A9*&#3+37&M+$79$+;&%+$08D0%9$(%03+(D+$&+30P0%9A+ *803+")+$70+933(8D*&#+&;+9#+:'09A+293+:3+9+D&&%+9DD%&C:8*&# R 6%9#3:*&#+$08D0%9$(%0+;%&8+]9~)0+<O^T+ ")+,qKj\4+j+!N\+X+!{\+L0k+

_F

Probing the High Energy Frontier at the LHC - Heavy-Ion Physics Klaus Reygers

!#%&)8()#(P1B+(,#T+

_G